Chii chinonzi Cytology? Ngatidzidzei zvese nezvazvo!

Wakambonzwa nezvebvunzo ye 'Cytology' here? Pamwe chiremba akakukumbira kuti uite bvunzo yakadaro. Iyi bvunzo inokosha zvikuru. Inotarisa masero madiki mumuviri wedu uye inobatsira mukuona zvirwere nekukurumidza, kunyanya kenza. Saka, nhasi tichataura nezvesainzi iyi ye cytology nenzira iri nyore yaunogona kunzwisisa.

Chii chinonzi Cytology? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore...

Funga nezvazvo, miviri yedu yakaumbwa nemabhiriyoni emasero madiki. Saka iyi cytology, dzimwe nguva inonzi 'cytopathology', inosanganisira kutora masero mashoma kubva munyama yemuviri wako kana mvura (semuenzaniso, weti, madzihwa) uye kuaongorora kuti uone kana paine chimwe chinhu chakasiyana kana chisina kujairika maari.

Kufanana nemupurisa, chiremba ane hunyanzvi, tinomuti 'nyanzvi yezvirwere' , ndiye anonyatsoongorora masero aya pasi pemaikorosikopu obva aona kuti, 'Oh... pane dambudziko pano' kana kuti 'Kwete, zvese zvakanaka'. Izvi hazvidi chidimbu chikuru chetishu, sampuro diki kwazvo yemasero yakakwana. Ndosaka bvunzo iyi ichigona kuitwa pasina kuoma kwakanyanya muzviitiko zvakawanda.

Kunyangwe vanachiremba vachishandisa bvunzo idzi dze cytology pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, dzinowanzo shandiswa kuongorora kenza kana kuongorora kuti kenza iripo here.

Ndeapi marudzi makuru e cytology?

Ngationei, kune nzira mbiri huru mu cytology. Ngatitaurei nezvadzo.

1. Exfoliative Cytology

Zita racho ringanzwika serakaoma, asi zviri nyore chaizvo. Kuongororwa kwemasero eganda (exfoliative cytology) inzira yekuongorora masero anobviswa mumiviri yedu (senge masero eganda akafa) kana kukwenywa zvinyoro nyoro pamusoro, sebhurashi diki.

Ngatitarisei mimwe mienzaniso yeizvi.

• Mienzaniso yevakadzi: Vakadzi vazhinji vanoziva izvi. Imwe nzira yakakurumbira yekuyedza inonzi Pap smear , iyo inosanganisira kutora masero madiki kubva muchibereko nebhurashi diki woaedza.
• Mienzaniso yenzira dzemudumbu: Dzimwe nguva, kana chiremba akaita endoscopy (achitarisa mukati nekamera), vanogona kukwenya mamwe masero kubva mukati meura voatumira kunoongororwa cytology.
• Zviyero zveganda kana madzihwa: Izvi zvinogona kuyedzwa nekukwesha masero kubva paganda rako, mumhino dzako, kana mumuromo mako.

Imwe nzira ndeyekuunganidza masero kubva kuzvinhu zvinongoburitswa mumuviri. Funga nezvazvo:

• Mienzaniso yekufema:Unogona kuyedza phlegm kana sputum inobuda paunokosora kuti uone masero ari mairi.
• Mienzaniso yeweti: Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kuonekwa nekutora muenzaniso weweti yako (weti) woongorora masero ari mairi.
• Kubuda kweropa zvisina kujairika kana kuti kubudiswa kweropa: Kana paine kubuda kweropa kusina kujairika, kwakadai sekubva mumaziso, mudumbu, kana mumazamu, sampuli inogona kutorwa uye bvunzo yecytology inogona kuitwa.

2. Kuvhiyiwa kweCytology yeKupindirana

Mukuita izvi, sezvinoreva zita racho, chiremba anofanira kuita kakuchekwa kadiki pamusoro peganda rako otora masero ari mukati. Izvi zvinoreva kuti sampuli yacho ingangofanira kutorwa nekubaya ganda.

Muedzo unowanzo shandiswa werudzi urwu unonzi fine-needle aspiration (FNA) .

• Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa tsono yakatetepa kwazvo kuipinza munzvimbo inofanira kuongororwa (semuenzaniso, bundu) uye kubvisa sample yemvura kana masero kubva ipapo. Nyanzvi yezvirwere inobva yatarisa masero aya ichitarisa maikorosikopu.

Kune nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana apo FNA inogona kuitwa:

• Matumbu madiki ari pasi peganda.
• Mapundu kana kuti mapundu ari pasi peganda.
• Manodhi ako elymph.
• Mvura yemumwoyo .
• Mvura yemudumbu (pleural fluid) imvura iri munzvimbo yemudumbu (pleural space) (pakati pemapapu nemukati mechipfuva).

Kuongororwa kwe cytology kunoitwa rini?

Sezvatakambotaura, izvi zvinowanzo shandiswa kuona kenza kana kuongorora kenza nguva isati yakwana.

• Kuongororwa kwechirwere ichi ibvunzo inoitwa kana uine zviratidzo (semuenzaniso, kukosora kunoramba kuripo, kurwadziwa mudumbu, bundu mumuviri wako) kuti uone kuti dambudziko nderei. Cytology inogona kubatsira kuona kana paine masero asina kujairika uye, kana zvakadaro, rudzii rwechirwere.
• Kuongororwa kweropa (test test) inzira yekuongorora kana uri panjodzi yekubatwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana (kunyanya kenza), kunyangwe usina zviratidzo. Kuongororwa kweropa (Pap smear) inzira imwe yekuongorora inozivikanwa nevanhu vazhinji.

Pamusoro peizvi, cytology inobatsira nezvimwe zvinhu:

• Ziva zvirwere zvinotapukira.
• Tsvaga zvirwere zvekuzvimba.
• Tarisa kana paine maronda e thyroid.
• Ziva zvirwere zvine chekuita nemamwe maburi emuviri (semuenzaniso, mvura inoumbwa pakati pematumbu anofukidza mapapu).

Ndiani anoita bvunzo iyi ye cytology?

Uyu mubvunzo wakanakawo. Paunenge uchiita bvunzo ye cytology,Kazhinji pane vanhu vaviri: uya anotora sampuro uye uya anoiedza.

• Nzira yekutora sampuro inosiyana zvichienderana nemhando yebvunzo. Semuenzaniso, chiremba wevakadzi anogona kutora sampuro yesero kuti aongororwe Pap smear. Kune FNA, chiremba akadzidziswa ndiye anozviita.
• Zvadaro, muenzaniso uyu unotumirwa kurabhoritari.
• Ikoko, nyanzvi yezvirwere kana kuti cytopathologist inoongorora masero aya pasi pemaikorosikopu uye inoita kuti aonekwe. Ndivo nyanzvi munyaya iyi.

Kuongororwa kweCytology kunoitwa sei? Danho nedanho

Zvakanaka, ngationei kuti bvunzo iyi ye cytology inoitwa sei chaizvo. Kazhinji pane matanho mana makuru ekuita izvi.

1. Kuunganidza masero emuenzaniso

Iri ndiro danho rekutanga. Chiremba wako achatora sampuli yemasero kubva mumuviri wako kuti aedze. Sezvatakambokurukura, zvinogona kunge zviri:

• Bvisa nekwesha kana kukwesha pamusoro.
• Inounganidzwa semvura (senge weti, madzihwa).
• Ingangodaro yakatorwa uchishandisa nzira ye 'fine needle aspiration ' (FNA).

2. Kugadzirisa masero emuenzaniso

Kana sampuro yasvika murabhoritari, inofanira kugadzirira kuti zvive nyore kuyedza.

• Kune mamwe matishu, chiremba kana mumwe munhu ari murabhoritari anoazora pagirazi rakatetepa. Izvi zvinonzi 'smears' .
• Kana iri sampuli yemvura, zvingasaita kuti smear ibude zvakananga nekuda kwehuwandu hushoma hwemasero ari mairi. Inobva yaiswa mugaba diki yoendeswa kurabhoritari.
• Kana vangopinda murabhoritari, nyanzvi yezvirwere kana nyanzvi yerabhoritari vanonyika ma smears aya, kana masero akagadzirwa, mumadhayi akakosha (mavara). Kudhaya uku kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuona zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemasero zvakajeka pasi pemaikorosikopu. Kungofanana nekupenda mufananidzo kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuona zvakadzama.
• Kana sampuli iri yemvura, muchina unonzi centrifuge dzimwe nguva unoshandiswa kuparadzanisa masero kubva mumvura. Muchina uyu unotenderedza sampuli nekukurumidza uye unoparadzanisa masero nehuremu. Masero akaparadzaniswa anozoiswa paslide uye anoiswa mavara kana zvichidikanwa.

3. Kuongorora masero emuenzaniso

Sampuro yemasero akagadzirwa uye ane mavara inozoongororwa nokungwarira nachiremba wezvirwere achishandisa maikorosikopu. Achatarisa:

• Masero acho akajairika here?
• Pane masero asina kujairika here?
• Pane zviratidzo zvehutachiona here?
• Unoona zvinhu zvakaita semasero ekenza here?

Kana akawana masero asina kujairika, anoaisa chiratidzo pachirairo nepeni yakakosha. Zvadaro, zvichibva pane zvaanoona, anoita chirwere chepfungwa uye anogadzira mushumo wakadzama.

4. Kugovana zvabuda

Pakupedzisira, chiremba wezvirwere achatumira mushumo kuna chiremba wako (chiremba akakutumira kuti uongororwe). Chiremba wako achakutsanangurira zvabuda uye achakurukura newe zvekuita zvinotevera (semuenzaniso, mimwe miedzo, mishonga).

Ndinofanira kugadzirira sei bvunzo ye cytology?

Iri idambudziko rine vanhu vazhinji. Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti bvunzo zhinji dze cytology dziri nyore uye hadzina kurwadza zvakanyanya. Saka hapana chikonzero chekugadzirira izvi.

Zvisinei, chiremba wako achakutsanangurira zvakadzama nezvebvunzo yauchaita. Achataurawo zvakajeka kana paine chaunofanira kuita usati waita bvunzo iyoyo (yakadai sekurega kudya kwemaawa mashoma, kurega mimwe mishonga). Saka tevera mirairo iyoyo nokungwarira.

Chii chekutarisira mushure mekuongororwa?

Mushure mekuongororwa, sampuro yemasero anotorwa kubva kwamuri inotumirwa kurabhoritari, uko nyanzvi yezvirwere inoiongorora uye inotumira mushumo kuna chiremba wenyu. Chiremba achakuudzai zvabuda. Dzimwe nguva panogona kunge paine kusagadzikana kana maronda apo sampuro yakatorwa kwemazuva mashoma, asi izvi zvinowanzopera nekukurumidza.

Pane njodzi nezvakaipa here pabvunzo idzi?

Sekunge kune mimwe miedzo yese yezvekurapa, pane matambudziko anogona kuitika. Zvisinei, matambudziko akakomba anobva mukuongororwa kwecytology haawanzoitiki. Zvisinei, anowanzova madiki (semuenzaniso, kubuda ropa zvishoma kana mavanga panzvimbo yeFNA).

• Dzimwe nguva, mhedzisiro yekuti 'false positive' kana 'false negative' inogona kuitika. 'False positive' zvinoreva kuti mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti chirwere hachipo, uye 'false negative' zvinoreva kuti mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti chirwere hachipo. Asi izvi hazviwanzoitika, uye vanachiremba vezvirwere vanonetsekana zvikuru nezvazvo.
• Mune zvimwe zviitiko, biopsy (bvunzo inotora chidimbu chenyama) inogona kupa ruzivo rwakawanda kupfuura bvunzo ye cytology, uye nekudaro inogona kunge yakarurama.

Saka ndezvipi zvakanakira bvunzo dze cytology?

Pane zvakanakira pamwe nezvakashata. Nekuti inongoda sampuli diki yemasero, bvunzo ye cytology ine zvakanakira zvakawanda kupfuura biopsy:

• Hazvinyanyi kukuvadza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana mavanga makuru.
• Kusagadzikana uye kurwadziwa zvishoma. Zvimwe hazvitomborwadzi.
• Mikana yematambudziko ishoma.
• Mutengo wacho wakaderera.
• Zvinogona kuitwa nekukurumidza.

Ndeipi mhedzisiro yebvunzo ye cytology?

Mhedzisiro yaunowana inogona kusiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nekuti ongororo yakaitwa kupi, uye kuti sampuro yacho yakatorwa kupi. Kazhinji, mushumo wechiremba wezvirwere unogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:

• Tsananguro yemuenzaniso (semuenzaniso kwawakatorwa, kuti wakatorwa sei).
• Kuti masero asina kujairika akawanikwa here kana kuti kwete.
• Kana masero asina kujairika akawanikwa, chirwere, hutachiona, kana kenza rudzii?
• Kana iri kenza, kenza iyi ine "giredhi" ripi? Izvi zvinokuudza kuti masero ekenza akafanana kana kuti akasiyana sei nemasero akajairwa, uye kuti anogona kupararira nekukurumidza sei.
• Kana zvichidikanwa mimwe miedzo, yakaita se biopsy.
• Pamwe, kuongororwa kwechokwadi kana kufungidzira kushoma.

Zvichatora nguva yakareba sei kuti ndizive mhedzisiro yacho?

Izvi ndizvo zvinobvunzwawo nevanhu vazhinji. Nguva inotora kuziva mhedzisiro inoenderana nechinhu chimwe nechimwe.

• Mhedzisiro yemimwe miedzo yekuongorora (sePap smear) inogona kutora mazuva mashoma (pamwe zuva rimwe kana maviri).
• Mimwe miedzo yakaoma inogona kutora vhiki imwe kana maviri kana kutopfuura.

Zvinhu zvinokanganisa izvi ndezvi:

• Basa riri murabhoritari.
• Unofanira kuona mamwe masero kana tishu.
• Mavara chaiwo kana mimwe miedzo inogona kudiwa.
• Dzimwe nguva zvinoda mumwe chiremba kuti afunge nezvenyaya iyi.
• Nguva yekugadzirisa inguva inotora kuti sampuro iendeswe kurabhoritari, igadzirirwe, iongororwe, inyorwe mushumo, uye yozoendeswa kuna chiremba wako.

Chiremba wako achakwanisa kukupa pfungwa yekuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei.

Chii chiri hukama huripo pakati pe cytology ne pathology?

Musavhiringa zvinhu zviviri izvi. Cytology, kana kuti tinoidaidza kuti 'Cytopathology', ibazi rePathology, kureva kuti, subspecialty.

Mukurapa, chirwere chepfungwa (pathology) ibazi rezvekurapa rinoongorora masero nematishu emuviri kana mvura mumuviri nechinangwa chekuongorora chirwere. Saka, cytology ibasa rimwe chete rebazi guru iroro.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peCytology neHistology?

Cytology neHistology mamwe mapazi maviri ePathology. Musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri izvi ndewezvinoongororwa.

• Cytology inonyanya kutarisa masero ega ega kana mapoka emasero. Aya anogona kuva masero akatorwa kubva kuFNA.
• Histology inotarisa chikamu chose chemuviri.Sampuro yenyama inoongororwa kuti ione kuti masero akawanda sei aripo, kuti akabatana sei, uye chimiro chenyama. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa nekutora sampuro yenyama kuburikidza ne biopsy.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, sainzi yemasero yakafanana nekutora shizha kubva pamuti woritarisa, nepo sainzi yenyama yakafanana nekutora bazi kubva pamuti.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pekuongorora cytology ne biopsy?

Chinangwa chezvose izvi ndechekuongorora chirwere, asi pane misiyano yakawanda yakakosha pakati pezviviri izvi.

• Saizi yemuenzaniso:
• Mukuongorora kwemasero (cytology), masero madiki anoongororwa pasi pemaikorosikopu.
• Kuongororwa kwemuviri (biopsy) kunowanzo sanganisira kutora chidimbu chikuru chenyama kupfuura sampuli yecytology.

• Maitiro ekuzviita:
• Kutora sample ye cytology (semuenzaniso, Pap smear, swab) kazhinji kuri nyore, hakurwadzi, uye kungasada anesthesia.
• Kuongororwa kwe biopsy kunowanzo kanganisa zvakanyanya kupfuura kuongororwa kwe cytology. Kungada anesthesia yemuno kana anesthesia yakajairika.

• Chii chinoongororwa:
• Cytology inotarisa masero ega ega kana mapoka emasero .
• Mukuongorora masero, nyanzvi yezvirwere haingotarise masero chete, asiwo magadzirirwo ese ematishu .

Chekupedzisira, zvinhu zvaunofanira kurangarira

Saka, ndinovimba kuti ikozvino wava neruzivo rwakanaka nezveCytology. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti bvunzo dzeCytology inzira yakajairika uye yakachengeteka iyo inowanzo shandiswa kuongorora zvirwere nekuona zvinhu zvakaita sekenza nekukurumidza.

Kumirira mhinduro dzebvunzo kunogona kunetsa uye kunetsa. Izvozvo zvakajairika. Asi yeuka, timu yako yezvekurapa iripo nguva dzose kuti ikubatsire uye ikutarisire, zvisinei nekuti mhinduro dzacho dzakaita sei. Kana uine mibvunzo nezvebvunzo yako, mhinduro dzako, kana zvekuita zvinotevera, usatya kubvunza chiremba wako. Une kodzero yekunzwiwa uye kunzwisiswa. Wanzwisisa here?

Cytology , Cytology, Kuongororwa Kwemasero, Kuonekwa Kwekenza, Kuongororwa Kwepap, Kusvuta Kwepap, FNA, Kuongororwa, Pathology