Ngatidzidzei nezvemasoja madiki ari mumuviri wako - malymphocytes.

Tose tinoda kuva neutano hwakanaka. Saka waizviziva here kuti muviri wedu une dziviriro inoshamisa inotidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere? MaLymphocyte nhengo dzinokosha dzedziviriro iyoyo. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, akafanana nemasoja madiki mumuviri wedu. Ngatitaurei zvakawanda nezvemalymphocyte aya nhasi.

Chii chaizvo chinonzi lymphocytes?

Lymphocytes rudzi rwemasero anonzi masero machena eropa. Ehe, makanzwa kuti kune masero matsvuku nemasero machena muropa. Lymphocytes iboka rakakosha remasero machena. Basa ravo guru nderekubatsira masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri. Masoja ekudzivirira muviri akafanana neuto rekudzivirira munyika medu. Sisitimu iyi iripo kuti itidzivirire kubva kuvavengi vanobva kunze (kureva, kubva kuhutachiona , mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi anokonzera zvirwere).

Kune mhando mbiri huru dze lymphocytes:

• T lymphocytes (T cells): Idzi ndidzo dzinodzora maitiro emasoja emuviri. Dzinogonawo kuwana masero ane hutachiona nemasero egomarara uye dzoarwisa zvakananga nekuaparadza.
• MaB lymphocytes (kana kuti masero eB): Aya ndiwo anogadzira zvinhu zvinonzi ma antibodies. Ma antibodies rudzi rweprotein. Kutaura chokwadi, aya akafanana nezvombo zvakagadzirwa kuti zvionekwe uye zvirwiswe nevanorwisa vapambi vekunze vakaita semavhairasi nemabhakitiriya.

Saka, ma lymphocytes aya anopa basa rei kumiviri yedu?

Lymphocytes haisi masero mashoma chete. Anoita basa guru kumiviri yedu.

Zvikurukuru, ma lymphocytes aya anobatsira kurwisa masero ekenza uye kurwisa maantigen akadai semavhairasi nemabhakitiriya kubva kunze.

Kwete izvozvo chete, asi ma lymphocyte aya anewo ndangariro inoshamisa. Anoyeuka antigen yega yega yaanosangana nayo. Fungidzira, dai waive negwirikwiti uchiri mudiki , uchawana gwirikwiti zvakare kashoma paunokura, handiti? Izvi zvakafanana ne chickenpox. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekurangarira ma lymphocyte aya. Mamwe ma lymphocyte, mushure mekusangana neantigen, anova "masero ekurangarira". Zvadaro, kana antigen imwe chete ikapinda mumuviri zvakare, aya masero ekurangarira anokurumidza kuiona uye anopindura nekukurumidza. Ndosaka tisingabatwe nezvirwere kaviri. Imhaka yeiyi nheyo tinogona kudzivirirwa kubva kune zvimwe zvirwere nekupa majekiseni.

Masero eT nemasero eB anoshanda sei?

Masero eT nemasero eB ese anoshanda pamwe chete, asi mabasa awo akasiyana zvishoma.

Basa remasero eT

Masero eT anonyanya kukonzera kuparadza masero ane utachiona uye kudzora mhinduro yemuviri wedu kuzvinhu zvinobva kunze kwenyika. Zvisinei, masero eT mazhinji anoda rubatsiro rweimwe sero rekudzivirira muviri kuti ashande. Kana masero eT angoshanda, anowanda (ndiko kuti, anowedzera kukura) uye anosarudzika kuita marudzi akasiyana emasero eT. Marudzi aya ndeaya:

• Masero eT ane chepfu : Aya akafanana nemasimba akakosha panhandare yehondo. Masero aya anonamatira kumaantigen pamasero ane hutachiona kana asina kujairika. Anobva aita maburi mumembrane yesero remasero ane hutachiona, obaya ma enzymes , obva aauraya.
• Masero eT anobatsira: Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, aya anobatsira mamwe masero ekudzivirira muviri. Mamwe anobatsira masero eB kugadzira masoja ekudzivirira muviri. Mamwe anobatsira masero eT ane chepfu kuti ashande.
• Masero eT anodzora: Masero aya anogadzira zvinhu zvinobatsira kumisa kupindura kwemasoja emuviri. Dzimwe nguva, anobatsirawo kudzivirira miviri yedu kubva pakukanganisa.

Basa remasero eB

Masero eB ane mareceptor akakosha pamusoro pawo anobatana nemaantigen. Masero eB anodzidza kuziva maantigen aya akasiyana uye kugadzira maantibodies chaiwo ekurwisa rimwe nerimwe. Masero eB anopindura maantigen nenzira mbiri:

• Mhinduro huru yekudzivirira muviri: Kana antigen ikasangana nereceptor, masero eB anomutswa. Mamwe masero eB anova "masero ekurangarira." Mamwe masero eB anova "masero eplasma." Masero aya eplasma anogadzira ma antibodies anoenderana neantigen yakamutswa. Zvisinei, zvinogona kutora mazuva akati wandei kuti huwandu hunodiwa hwema antibodies hugadzirwe.
• Mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri: Fungidzira zvinoitika kana antigen imwe chete yakauya kare ikadzoka mumuviri. Zvadaro, masero iwayo ekurangarira anoyeuka izvozvo. Anowanda nekukurumidza, ova masero eplasma, uye anogadzira ma antibodies nekukurumidza. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei uchikurumidza kupora paunorwara kechipiri.

Saka, ma lymphocytes aya anogadzirwa uye ari kupi mumuviri wedu?

Lymphocytes inogadzirwa mumongo wedu wemapfupa.Zvadaro, dzinokura, zvichireva kuti dzinokura zvakanaka, uye dzinopinda muropa. Malymphocyte akakura anogona kuwanikwa muropa redu uye muzvikamu zvese zve lymphatic system .

Mamwe malymphocyte anoenda kunzvimbo inonzi thymus gland yedu. Malymphocyte iwayo anova maT cell. Mamwe malymphocyte anoenda kumalymph nodes edu nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Avo ndivo vanova maB cell.

Ma lymphocytes akaita sei?

Lymphocytes masero akakura zvishoma pane masero matsvuku eropa . Zvisinei, madiki zvakanyanya zvekuti haaonekwe nemaikorosikopu. Lymphocyte yega yega ine nucleus hombe pakati. nucleus iyi ine ruvara rwepepuru rwakasviba. Chinhu chakaita sejelly chakaipoteredza, chinonzi cytoplasm , chine ruvara rwepepuru rwakareruka.

Nhamba yakajairika ye lymphocytes chii?

Huwandu hwemalymphocyte mumuviri wedu hunogona kusiyana kubva pamunhu kuenda kune mumwe. Zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sezera, rudzi, murume kana mukadzi, kureba, uye mararamiro edu.

• Mumunhu mukuru, kazhinji pane ma lymphocytes ari pakati pe1,000 ne4,800 pa microliter yeropa.
• Kuvana vadiki, nhamba iyi yakakwira zvishoma. Vanogona kunge vaine ma lymphocytes ari pakati pe3,000 ne9,500 pa microliter yega yega yeropa.

MaLymphocyte anowanzoita pakati pe20% ne40% yemasero machena eropa ari mumuviri wedu.

Chii chinoitika kana huwandu hwema lymphocytes hwakakwira?

Kana huwandu hwemalymphocyte muropa hwakwira kupfuura zvakajairika, tinohudaidza kuti lymphocytosis . Izvi zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwehutachiona kana chirwere. Dzimwe nguva miviri yedu inogadzira mamwe malymphocyte kuti abatsire kurwisa hutachiona.

Zvisinei, mamwe mamiriro akakomba anogona kukonzerawo kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemalymphocytes. Mamwe emamiriro aya anosanganisira:

• Chiropa
• Sipfuyo
• Mononucleosis
• Tibhii
• HIV neAIDS
• Hypothyroidism
• Zvirwere zvakaita sechikosoro chinoputika, toxoplasmosis, kana cytomegalovirus
• Kanza dzeropa dzakadai se lymphoma kana leukemia

Chii chinoitika kana huwandu hwema lymphocytes hwakaderera?

Kana huwandu hwemalymphocyte muropa hwakaderera pane hwakajairwa, tinohudaidza kuti lymphocytopenia kana lymphopenia . Izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwefuruu kana humwe hutachiona hudiki. Zvisinei, chirwere chakakomba kana mamiriro ezvinhu anogonawo kukonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemalymphocyte. Heano mamwe ezvikonzero:

• HIV kana AIDS
• Tibhii kana kuti Typhoid fivha
• Chiropa chinotapukira
• Zvirwere zveropa zvakaita seHodgkin's disease
• Zvirwere zve autoimmune zvakaita se lupus
• Zvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki zvenhaka zvakaita seSevere Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), Ataxia-telangiectasia, DiGeorge syndrome, uye Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Kurapa kwakadai sekurapa nemwaranzi kana chemotherapy

Ndezvipi zviedzo zvinoongorora kana huwandu hwema lymphocyte angu hwakanaka?

Kune bvunzo dzakawanda dzeropa dzinogona kuona huwandu hwemalymphocytes muropa rako. Nzira huru ndeidzi:

• Kuwanda kweAll Lymphocyte Count: Ichi chikamu chebvunzo yeComplete Blood Count (CBC) yakajairika. Inoyera huwandu hwelymphocytes muropa rako sehuwandu hwakazara, kwete sehuwandu.
• Kuyerera kwemasero: Iyi bvunzo inoitwa murabhoritari yakasarudzika. Sampuro yeropa rako inonyungudutswa mumvura uye inopfuudzwa nemuchina welaser unonzi flow cytometer. Mwenje welaser unoita kuti masero ako eropa apararire kuita mapatani. Mapatani acho anobvumira mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero kuti dzionekwe zvakajeka uye dziverengerwe.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvezvirwere zvine chekuita ne lymphocytes?

Kazhinji, hapana zviratidzo chaizvo zve lymphocytosis (kuwedzera kwe lymphocytes) kana lymphocytopenia (kudzikira kwe lymphocytes). Zvisinei, kana huwandu hwe lymphocytes hukawedzera nekuda kwechirwere cheropa kana kenza, zviratidzo zvine chekuita nechirwere ichocho zvinogona kuoneka. Zvimwe zvezviratidzo izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Manodhi elymph akazvimba
• Kudikitira husiku
• Kupindwa nechando
• Kurwadziwa kwemudumbu
• Kurasikirwa nechido chekudya
• Kushaya mweya

Chekupedzisira, chinhu chakakosha chaunofanira kurangarira!

Lymphocytes rudzi rwakakosha kwazvo rwemasero machena eropa mumuviri wedu. Ndiwo chikamu chikuru chemuviri wedu wekudzivirira muviri uye anotidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere. Kuongororwa kweropa nyore kunogona kukuudza kuti une malymphocytes mangani.

Zvinogona kutyisa zvishoma kuziva kana malymphocyte ako akakwira kana kuti akaderera pane zvakajairika. Asi kazhinji, kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemalymphocyte ako kunogona kureva kuti muviri wako uri kurwisa hutachiona. Saka usazvidya mwoyo zvisina kufanira.

Kana muine kusava nechokwadi kana mibvunzo nezveizvi, chinhu chakanakisa chekuita ndechekuona chiremba wenyu motaura nezvazvo. Chiremba wenyu achakwanisa kuwana chikonzero chaicho uye kuita zvinodiwa kuti mudzokere pamaitiro enyu ekare.