Ndiani chiremba weropa? Ngatidzidzei nezvazvo!

Wakambonzwa nezve `( hematologist )` here? Pamwe chiremba wemhuri yako akakutumira kuti uone nyanzvi yakadaro. Paunonzwa izvozvo, vamwe vanhu vanotya zvishoma uye vanotya, vachifunga kuti, "Ah, handizivi kana ndine chirwere chakakomba." Asi `(Hematologist)` munhu anogara achiona zvirwere zvakakomba zvakaita sekenza here? Ngatitaurei nezveizvi zvese zvakajeka.

Ndiani uyu `(Hematologist)`? Kutaura chokwadi...

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, "Hematologist" chiremba anonyanya kubata zvirwere zvine chekuita neropa redu , muronda wemapfupa, uye lymphatic system . Ichi chimwe chinhu chakakosha mumunda wakakura wekurapa chinonzi "Internal medicine." Sezvo paine vanachiremba vakasiyana vanobata masisitimu akasiyana mumuviri wedu, uyu ndiye nyanzvi yezvinhu zvese zvine chekuita neropa.

Chii chinoitwa nenyanzvi yezvirwere zveropa (Hematologist)?

Nyanzvi idzi dzinobatsira kuongorora, kurapa, uye kugadzirisa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokanganisa masero edu eropa. Zvimwe zvezvirwere izvi zveropa zvinogona kunge zvisina njodzi, zvichireva kuti hazvisi zvegomarara. Zvimwe zvinogonawo kuva nekenza.

Funga nezvazvo, zvimwe zvirwere zveropa zvinogona kukanganisa kutenderera kweropa redu, semuenzaniso, kuumbwa kweropa kunogona kuitika. Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukonzerawo kubuda ropa kupfuura zvakajairika. Kunyangwe zvirwere izvi zvine chekuita neropa uye kenza yeropa dzimwe nguva zvichiratidza zviratidzo zvidiki, zvimwe zvirwere zvakakomba zvinogona kutoisa hupenyu panjodzi. Ndosaka rubatsiro rwenyanzvi yakaita seyi ruchidikanwa.

"Nyanzvi yeropa" uye "Nyanzvi yekenza" zvakafanana here?

Uyu mubvunzo unobvunzwa nevanhu vazhinji. Kwete, vaviri ava havasi munhu mumwe chete nguva dzose. Zvisinei, "Hematologist" anogonawo kuva nyanzvi yekenza "Oncologist".

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore:

• Nyanzvi yegomarara (`( Chiremba wekenza munhu anoongorora nekurapa mhando dzese dzekenza.
• Nyanzvi yeropa inonyanya kutarisa matambudziko anokanganisa ropa redu nenhengo dzemuviri dzinobatsira kugadzira ropa (senge bone marrow ne lymphatic system).

Zvisinei, pane hukama hwechisikigo pakati penzvimbo mbiri idzi. Nekuti kenza zhinji dzeropa dzinotangira mumasero eropa ari mumongo wedu wemapfupa uye muhurongwa hwelymphatic, vamwe vanachiremba vane hunyanzvi hwekudzidzisa muzvikamu zvese izvi (`(Hematology/Oncology)`).

Kuona chiremba weropa zvinoreva here kuti une kenza?

Kwete, kwete zvachose!Izvi zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo. Kungoti wakatumirwa kuna chiremba weropa hazvirevi kuti une kenza .

Vanachiremba veropa vanorapa marudzi ese ezvirwere zveropa. Chiremba wemhuri yenyu anogona kukutumirai kuna chiremba weropa kana mukawana chero mhinduro dzisina kujairika dzekuongororwa kweropa. Semuenzaniso, kana muine shanduko muhuwandu hwemasero eropa renyu kana huwandu hweropa rakagwamba. Rangarirai kuti mhinduro idzi dzekutanga dzekuongororwa kweropa hadzisi nguva dzose chiratidzo chechirwere chakakomba.

Ndirini pandinofanira kuona chiremba weropa?

Chiremba wako mukuru anowanzo kukutumira kuna chiremba weropa kana vachifunga kuti zvabuda muongororo yeropa rako zvinoda rumwe ruzivo rwakakosha. Sezvambotaurwa, zvabuda muongororo yeropa chete hazvigone kuona chirwere chakakomba. Ndosaka zvichidikanwa kumwe kuongororwa uye mazano akakosha.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zveropa zvinonyanya kupararira?

Ropa rinokosha kuti miviri yedu irarame. Funga nezvazvo:

• Masero matsvuku eropa anotakura okisijeni kuenda kunhengo dzemuviri wedu uye anopa simba.
• Masero machena eropa anobatsira masoja edu emuviri kurwisa hutachiona.
• Maplatelet anobatsira kuderedza nekumisa kubuda kweropa.
• Plasma ndiyo mvura inosunga masero aya eropa pamwe chete.

Saka, kana uine chirwere cheropa, zvinoreva kuti chikamu chimwe chete kana kupfuura cheropa rako hachishande zvakanaka. Zvimwe zvirwere zveropa hazvisi zvegomarara, asi zvinogona kunge zvakakomba.

Zvirwere/zvirwere zveropa zvisina kenza (zvisina kunaka)

Izvi hazvisi kenza, asi zvirwere zvinokanganisa ropa. Ngatitarisei mimwe mienzaniso:

• Anemia : Izvi zvinoitika kana pasina masero matsvuku eropa akakwana ekutakura okisijeni mumuviri wese. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzeanemia, asi rudzi rwakajairika ianemia yekushomeka kwesimbi. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuti unzwe kuneta nguva dzese uye ungatonzwa dzungu.
• Chirwere cheVon Willebrand : Ichi ndicho chirwere chekubuda ropa chinowanzoitika muUnited States.
• Hemophilia : Ichi chirwere cheropa chinogara nhaka. Izvi zvinokanganisa kugona kweropa kugwamba. Kunyangwe kukuvara kudiki kunogona kukonzera kubuda ropa zvakanyanya.
• Kupererwa neropa kwemasero emusana (`(kupererwa neropa kwemasero emusana)`): Ichi chirwere chinogara nhaka. Muizvi, chimiro chemasero matsvuku eropa chinochinja, sejeko.
• Thalassemia : Thalassemia chirwere cheropa chinogara nhaka. Chinokanganisa kugona kwemuviri kugadzira hemoglobin nemasero matsvuku eropa ane hutano.

Mhando dzakajairika dzekenza yeropa

Kune mhando dzakawanda dzegomarara reropa. Sekureva kweLeukemia & Lymphoma Society, mhando nhatu dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzegomarara reropa ndedzinoti:

• Leukemia : Iyi ndiyo kenza yeropa inonyanya kuwanikwa muUnited States. Ndiyowo mhando yekenza inowanzoonekwa pakati pevana nevechidiki. Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti huwandu hwevanhu vanopona kubva kuchirwere ichi kwemakore mashanu hwakawedzera kane mumakore makumi mana apfuura.
• Lymphoma : Lymphoma igomarara remutsinga weropa rako. Huwandu hwevanhu vanopora kubva kuchirwere ichi hwakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri mumakore makumi mana apfuura.
• Myeloma : Myeloma igomarara rinotanga mumongo wemapfupa uye rinokanganisa masero eplasma. Vanhu vanopfuura hafu vanoonekwa vaine myeloma vanorarama makore mashanu mushure mekuonekwa vaine chirwere ichi.

Kune mamwe marudzi akawanda egomarara reropa rimwe nerimwe.

Rudzii rwedzidzo runodiwa kuti uve ``(Hematologist)``?

Chiremba wese anofanira kudzidza kwemakore mana kuchikoro chekurapa kuti awane dhigirii rezvekurapa. Kuti uve "Hematologist", unofanirwa kudzidziswa zvimwe:

• Makore matatu ekudzidziswa kwekugara (`(Residency)`) : Uku kudzidziswa kwekurapa mushure mekupedza kudzidza. Kudzidziswa uku kunoitwa nekushanda nevarwere. Vanachiremba vazhinji ve`(Hematologist)` vanopedza kudzidziswa uku kwekugara mu`(Internal Medicine)` kana `(Pediatrics`).
• Kubatana: Iyi inguva yemakore matatu kusvika mashanu ekudzidziswa kwakakosha munharaunda chaiyo yekurapa. Munguva iyi, vanachiremba vanowana kudzidziswa kwakakosha muHematology, kana zvirwere zveropa. Vamwe vanachiremba vanoitawo kudzidziswa kweOncology pamwe chete neHematology.

Mhando dzeHematology Specialist Training

Vanachiremba vanogona hunyanzvi muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zve "Hematology":

• Nyanzvi yezvirwere zveropa zvevanhu vakuru : Kudzidziswa uku kunobatsira kurapa zvirwere zveropa, zvirwere zvemapfupa, uye zvirwere zve lymphatic system zvinobata vanhu vakuru.
• Kurapa kweropa kwevana : Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, kudzidziswa uku ndekwekurapa vana vane zvirwere zveropa.
• Nyanzvi yeCoagulation (`(Coagulation)`) : Dhipatimendi iri rinoongorora zvirwere zvinokanganisa kugayiwa kweropa.
• Nyanzvi muzvirwere zveropa nekenza yeropa (`(Hematology/oncology)`) : Kudzidziswa uku kunokukodzera kurapa zvirwere zveropa pamwe nekenza yeropa.

Mushure mekupedza kudzidziswa uku kwehunyanzvi, vanachiremba vanokodzera kuwana chitupa chebhodhi kubva kuAmerican Board of Internal Medicine. (Vanachiremba veropa vevana vanopihwa chitupa neAmerican Board of Pediatrics.) Pamusoro pezvo, chiremba wese anofanira kupasa bvunzo yeUnited States Medical Licensing Examination uye kuwana rezinesi kubva kudunhu ravanoshanda. MuSri Lanka, nyanzvi dzinogadzirwa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwakafanana hunozivikanwa.

Chii chaunofanira kutarisira paunoenda kunoona ``(Hematologist)``?

Uri kuenda kunoona chiremba weropa nekuti bvunzo dzeropa rako dzinoratidza chimwe chinhu chine chekuita nemasero ako eropa. Chiremba wako weropa anogona kunge akakurudzirawo bvunzo dzekuwedzera kuti azive zvakawanda nezveropa rako. Paunoona chiremba, iye achaita zvinotevera:

• Bvunza nezvehutano hwako hwese .
• Bvunza nezvekuchinja kwazvino mumuviri wako uye zviratidzo (zvingave zviratidzo zvechirwere cheropa).
• Ndichaongorora zvabuda mukuongororwa kweropa renyu nemi.
• Anotsanangura zvaanofunga kuti ndizvo zvakaita kuti pave nemhedzisiro iyoyo.
• Vachakurukura nezvemimwe miedzo yaungade .
• Kana akakwanisa kuongorora chirwere chacho, achatsanangura chirwere chacho uye achakurudzira kurapwa .

Ndezvipi zvinonyanya kuongororwa ropa?

Ropa redu rine zvikamu zvakawanda. Vanachiremba vanogona kuyedza ropa rose, kana kuti vanogona kuyedza zvikamu zvakasiyana zveropa zvakasiyana. Heano mimwe miedzo inowanzo rairwa nachiremba weropa kuti aongorore chirwere cheropa kana kenza yeropa:

• Kuverengwa kweropa rose (CBC) : Uku kuongororwa kweropa kwekutanga. Kunoverenga masero matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa, uye maplatelet.
• Kuongororwa kweropa : Izvi zvinoongorora huwandu hwemhando yega yega yemasero machena eropa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa panguva imwe chete neCBC.
• Kuongororwa kwenguva yeprothrombin (PTT) : Izvi zvinoongorora kuti ropa rako rinogwamba nekukurumidza zvakadii.
• Kuwanda kwemasero matsvuku eropa : Izvi zvinoyera huwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa (reticulocytes) achiri muropa rako, achiri kukura.
• Kuongororwa kweropa (PBS) : Mukuita uku, vanachiremba vanoongorora masero matsvuku nemachena eropa nemaplatelet vachishandisa maikorosikopu.

Chii chinoitwa pakuongororwa kweropa kuti uone kenza?

Kuongororwa kweropa kwegomarara ndeimwe yenzira dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa navanachiremba kuongorora nekurapa gomarara. Nyanzvi yeropa inogona kushandisa bvunzo dzeropa kuti:

• Tarisa ropa rako kuti uone kana paine makemikari nemapuroteni anoratidza kenza.
• Tarisa huwandu hwemasero eropa .
• YenyuOngorora mamiriro ehutano hwese.

Kana uine kenza yeropa, uchafanirwa kuongororwa ropa zvakare. Chiremba wako (nyanzvi yeropa) achashandisa mhinduro idzi ku:

• Kuronga kenza kunobatsira kuona danho rekenza . Vanachiremba pavanoronga kenza, vanotarisa hukuru nenzvimbo yegomarara. Vanoshandisa ruzivo irworwo kuisa kenza muchikamu chakati, kana kuti danho, rakanyorwa manhamba nemabhii. Kuronga kenza kunogadzira danho rekurapa kenza.
• Anosarudza nzira dzekurapa kenza .
• Inoongorora kana chirwere ichi chichiwedzera kunaka kana kuipa nekufamba kwenguva uye/kana nekurapwa.
• Inoona kana kenza yadzoka (`(kudzokazve)`) .

Mibvunzo ipi yandinofanira kubvunza chiremba wangu weropa?

Uri kuenda kunoona chiremba weropa nekuti kuongororwa kweropa kwaratidza kuti pane chakaipa neropa rako. Saka une mibvunzo yakawanda. Heano mimwe mibvunzo yaunogona kufunga nezvayo:

• Kuongororwa kweropa rangu kwakaratidzei?
• Zvinorevei izvozvo?
• Mamiriro angu ezvinhu akaita sei?
• Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akakomba here?
• Chii chiri kukonzera mamiriro ezvinhu aya?
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvandinofanira kutarisa?
• Ndinofanira kuitei kana ndikaona zviratidzo izvozvo?
• Ndichafanira kuongororwa ropa kakawanda here kana kuti kuongororwa kumwe?
• Chii chaunotarisira kuwana kubva mumiedzo iyi?
• Ndichawana rini mhinduro dzebvunzo?
• Ndichazofanira kuedzwazve gare gare here?
• Munondikurudzira kurapwa kupi? Sei?
• Ndinotanga riini kurapwa? Kuchatora nguva yakareba sei?
• Chii chandinofanira kuziva nezvemushonga wauri kunyora?
• Pane mimwe migumisiro yakaipa here?
• Ndezvipi njodzi uye mabhenefiti ekurapwa uku?
• Pane dzimwe nzira dzekurapa here?

Uri kuenda kunoona chiremba weropa nekuti bvunzo dzinoratidza kuti masero eropa, bone morrow, kana lymph system yako haisi kushanda zvakanaka. Unganzwa kutya paunoona chiremba ane ruzivo nezvezvirwere zveropa, kusanganisira kenza yeropa. Kana uine mibvunzo nezvemhedzisiro yako yekuongororwa, bvunza chiremba wako weropa nezvayo uye zvaari kuita kuti uzive zviri kuikonzera. Achafara kupindura mibvunzo yako uye kutsanangura zvekuita zvinotevera. Usatya kubvunza chero chinhu chinouya mupfungwa dzako. Ikodzero yako.

Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba

"Nyanzvi yeropa" chiremba ane hunyanzvi muzvirwere zvine chekuita neropa, kubva pakushaya ropa kusvika kukenza yeropa. Kutumirwa ku "Nyanzvi yeropa" hazvirevi kuti une kenza nguva dzose. Kazhinji, mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kweropa ichatsanangurwa zvakadzama.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kutaura pachena nachiremba wako uye kubvunza chero mibvunzo yaunayo. Kunzwisisa hutano hwako kwakakosha zvikuru kuti kurapwa kwako kubudirire. Saka usatya, tora ruzivo rwaunoda.

Zvirwere zveropa , vanachiremba veropa, kenza yeropa, anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, kuongororwa kweropa