Mwana wako ane dambudziko remwoyo rakadai here? Ngatidzidzei nezve (Atrioventricular Canal Defect)!

Dzimwe nguva ungave wakaona kuti mwana wako achangoberekwa ane dambudziko rekufema, anonetsekana nekuyamwisa, kana kutoita bhuruu. Izvi dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuva zviratidzo zvedambudziko diki pamoyo wemwana wako. Ndizvozvo, chirwere chemwoyo chinowanikwa pakuzvarwa chinonzi Atrioventricular Canal Defect , chatiri kutaura nezvacho nhasi.

Chii ichi (Atrioventricular Canal Defect)?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Atrioventricular Canal Defect chirwere chemwoyo chinowanikwa pakuzvarwa. Vanachiremba dzimwe nguva vanochidana kuti AVSD - Atrioventricular Septal Defect . Kutaura chokwadi, inyaya yematambudziko emwoyo akawanda. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti pane buri kana maburi ari pakati pemoyo (tinodana izvi kuti septum) . Zvinoitawo kuti mavharuvhu ari mumoyo asashande zvakanaka.

Funga nezvazvo seburi riri mupombi yemvura. Mumwoyo une hutano, ropa rine oxygen yakawanda rinopombwa kubva kuruboshwe rwemwoyo wedu hariwanzosangani neropa risina oxygen yakawanda rinobva kurudyi. Asi nekuda kweburi iri, ropa iroro rine oxygen yakawanda rinosanganiswa neropa risina oxygen yakawanda. Kazhinji, buri iri rinoita kuti ropa rakawanda riende kumapapu. Ipapo huwandu hweropa rinoenda kumuviri wese hunoderera. Kana izvi zvikaitika kwenguva yakareba, dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuenda neimwe nzira. Kureva kuti, ropa rakawanda risina oxygen yakawanda rinoenda kumuviri, uye shoma rinoenda kumapapu. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, mwero we oxygen mumuviri unoderera uye ganda rinogona kuita bhuruu. Tinozvidaidza kuti cyanosis .

Izvi zvinoita kuti mwoyo ushande nesimba, izvo zvinogona kukonzera mamwe matambudziko ehutano akadai sekushaya simba kwemoyo .

Kana chirwere ichi (Atrioventricular Canal Defect) chikasarapwa zvakanaka, dzimwe nguva chinogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwemwana. Pasina kuvhiyiwa, vana vane chirwere ichi vanogona kurarama kwenguva pfupi, makore maviri kusvika matatu. Asi musazvidya mwoyo! Chinhu chakanakisa ndechekuti kuvhiyiwa kwekugadzirisa izvi kunobudirira zvikuru. Vanachiremba vanogona kuona chirwere ichi chisati chanyanya kuipa, kunyangwe mwana asati aberekwa.

Paavhareji, munyika dzakadai seUnited States, mwana mumwe chete pavana 1,700 anoberekwa aine dambudziko iri gore rega rega. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave ne3% kusvika 5% yezvirwere zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo.

Dambudziko iri rinodanwa nemamwe mazita akati wandei. Chiremba wako anogona kushandisa rimwe remazita aya:

• Chikanganiso cheAtrioventricular septal (AVSD)
• Kukanganisika kwemutsigiro we endocardial

Kune marudzi akasiyana eAtrioventricular Canal Defect here?

Ehe, chirwere ichi chemwoyo chinogona kuuya nenzira dzakasiyana. Izvi zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sehukuru hweburi riri mumoyo uye huwandu hwemavharuvhu.

Kukwana (Kukanganisika kweAtrioventricular Canal)

Chinoitika apa ndechekuti makamuri maviri epamusoro emoyo (tinoadaidza kuti atria) nemakamuri maviri epasi (tinoadaidza kuti ventricles)(inonzi) Buri guru rinoumbwa pakati pemakamuri maviri emoyo. Kureva kuti, makamuri mana ese emoyo akabatana. Kazhinji, panofanira kuva nemavharuvhu maviri pakati pemakamuri epamusoro neepasi. Asi muchiitiko ichi, pane vharuvhu rimwe chete guru. Chivharo chayo chingasavhurika kana kuvhara zvakanaka.

Zvishoma (Chirwere cheAtrioventricular Canal)

Muchiitiko ichi, buri riri pakati pemakamuri maviri epamusoro emoyo (iri ndiro rinonyanya kuwanikwa) kana pakati pemakamuri maviri epasi. Makamuri ese mana haana kubatana. Kune mavharuvhu maviri pakati pemakamuri epamusoro neepasi. Asi vharuvhu rimwe (kazhinji vharuvhu remitral, riri pakati pekamuri repamusoro (atrium yekuruboshwe) nekamuri repasi (ventricle yekuruboshwe) kuruboshwe) harishande zvakanaka.

Chikanganiso cheAtrioventricular Canal

Mukati meizvi, pane buri riri pakati pemakamuri maviri epamusoro neburi diki riri pakati pemakamuri maviri epasi. Mavharuvhu maviri ari pakati pemakamuri epamusoro neepasi (mavharuvhu eAV) akasiyana.

Chikanganiso Chakazara CheAtrioventricular Canal Chisina Kuenzana

Unoyeuka here kuti kana munhu ane chirwere chemwoyo chakakwana pane vharuvhu hombe? Vharuvhu iyoyo iri pedyo nekamuri repasi (ventricle) kupfuura rimwe. Ipapo kamuri rinogamuchira ropa rakawanda rinova guru kupfuura rimwe. Vanachiremba vanodana kamuri diki iroro kuti 'hypoplastic' .

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveizvi?

Zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi chemwoyo zvinogona kuoneka kunyangwe mwana wako asati aberekwa. Tarisa uone kana mwana wako aine chimwe chezvizvi:

• Ruvara rweganda rebhuruu (Cyanosis): Kunyanya munzvimbo dzakadai semiromo, rurimi, uye minwe.
• Kuomerwa nekunwa mukaka: Kunzwa kuneta uye kuneta mushure mekunwa mukaka mudiki.
• Kudikitira mushure mekunwa mukaka.
• Kukurumidza kuneta: Kuneta kunyangwe mushure mekuita chinhu chidiki.
• Kurova kwemoyo.
• Kutadza kufema zvakanaka (Dyspnea) kana kufema nekukurumidza.
• Kuwedzera uremu kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma.
• Kuzvimba (edema) mudumbu kana mumakumbo.
• Kurova kwemoyo kusina simba.

Zvisinei, vacheche vane dambudziko remhando yedambudziko risinganyatsooneki kana kuti rinochinja-chinja vangasaratidza zviratidzo izvi pakutanga. Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuonekwa pava paya paudiki, kana pakuyaruka, kana kunyange pakukura.

Sei izvi (Atrioventricular Canal Defect) zvichiitika?

Vaongorori havasati vaziva kuti chii chinokonzera Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD) . Zvinofungidzirwa kuti imhaka yezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nemajini uye zvakatipoteredza . Asi chimwe chinhu chiri pachena: pane hukama hwakasimba pakati pechirwere ichi chemwoyo neDown syndrome . Vacheche vanosvika 40% vane Down syndrome vane AVSD .

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi zvinokanganisa izvi?

Nyanzvi hadzisati dzaona zvinhu chaizvo zvinokonzera izvi. Panogona kunge paine genetic influence. Pamwe gene risingawanzoitika rinobva kuna amai kana baba rinogona kuwedzera mukana wemwana wekuva nechirwere chemwoyo achiri mudumbu.

Kunze kweizvozvo, zvinhu zvinotevera panguva yekuzvitakura zvinogonawo kuwedzera njodzi yekuti mwana wako aberekwe aine chirwere chemwoyo:

• Mimwe mishonga.
• Mishonga isingabvumirwe (Mishonga yekuzvivaraidza).
• Zvinwiwa zvine doro.
• Kusangana nehupfu kana makemikari ezvakatipoteredza.
• Kushomeka kwezvinovaka muviri kana mavitamini.
• Kufuta zvakanyanya.
• Zvigadzirwa zvefodya.
• Kusadzora zvirwere zvisingaperi zvakaita seDiabetes Mellitus kana Hypertension.
• Zvirwere zvemavhairasi zvakaita sefuruwenza (furuwenza) kana furuwenza.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinogona kuitika paAtrioventricular Canal Defect?

Kana chirwere ichi chakanyanya kuipa, zvichireva kuti hachirapwe zvakanaka, matambudziko akadai seaya anogona kuitika:

• Maitiro ekurova kwemoyo asina kujairika (Arrhythmia).
• Kukundikana kwemoyo kwakakombama.
• Utachiona hwemwoyo (Endocarditis).
• Kukwira kweropa mutsinga dzeropa kunotungamira kumapapu (Pulmonary hypertension).

Chirwere ichi chinoonekwa sei?

Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti kazhinji, vanachiremba vanogona kuona izvi (Atrioventricular Septal Defect) mwana asati aberekwa nekuongororwa kushoma:

• Ultrasound yemwana asati aberekwa: Izvi zvinogona kuona mifananidzo yekufamba kwemwana mudumbu, kusanganisira moyo. Zvinogonawo kuona dambudziko guru remasepa emuviri .
• Echocardiogram yemwana asati aberekwa: Izvi zvinoratidza mifananidzo yemoyo zvakajeka kupfuura ultrasound. Chiremba anogona kuwana pfungwa iri nani yekuti mwoyo wakaumbwa sei uye kuti unopomba sei ropa.

Mushure mekunge mwana azvarwa, chiremba anogona kuteerera kurova kwemoyo wemwana achishandisa stethoscope . Kana ruzha "rukuru" rusingawanzoitiki (tinorudaidza kuti kurira kwemoyo ) rukanzwika, runogona kunge rwuri ruzha rweropa richiyerera nepaburi.

Mimwe miedzo inoitwa mushure mekuzvarwa inosanganisira:

• MaX-ray epachipfuva: Tarisa saizi uye chimiro chemwoyo wemwana.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG): Tarisa mashandiro emagetsi emwoyo wemwana.
• Echocardiogram: Kuongorora kwakadzama chimiro chemwoyo wemwana.
• Kuisa catheter mumoyo: Dzidza zvakawanda nezvekukomba kwechirwere chemwana.
• Kuongororwa kweMagineti yeMwoyo (MRI yeMwoyo): Ona zvikamu zvemoyo wemwana uye mashandiro azvo.

Dzimwe nguva, kana mwana aine kakukanganisika kadiki kemudumbu , anogona kusaratidza zviratidzo pakutanga. Kana zvakadaro, zvinogona kutora makore akati wandei chiremba asati aziva nezvechirwere chacho.

Ndezvipi zvinorapwa izvi?

Kurapa kwakanyanya kweAtrioventricular Canal Defect kuvhiyiwa kwemoyo wakavhurika . Mukuvhiyiwa uku, chiremba anovhara buri riri mumoyo wemwana obva arivhara. Kana dambudziko racho rapera , vharuvhu yemoyo mumwe chete inokamurwa kuita maviri, zvichiita kuti pave nemavharuvhu maviri akasiyana, rimwe kurudyi nerimwe kuruboshwe.

Mwana ane chirwere cheAV chakashata anogona kuvhiyiwa kakawanda, zvichizoguma nekuvhiyiwa kunonzi Fontan procedure .

Zvakanakisisa kuita oparesheni iyi nekukurumidza, chirwere ichi chisati chakonzera kukuvara kwemoyo zvachose. Vacheche vazhinji vanovhiyiwa iyi mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga yehupenyu hwavo. Vamwe vacheche vane kakukanganisa kashoma asi vasina zviratidzo vanogona kuvhiyiwa iyi mukati memakore matatu ekutanga ehupenyu hwavo.

Dzimwe nguva, kana mwana asina hutano hwakakwana hwekuvhiyiwa, kana kuti asina huremu hwakakwana, mishonga inogona kupihwa kudzora zviratidzo kusvika awedzera huremu nesimba.

• Diuretics mishonga inobvisa mvura yakawandisa mumuviri.
• Digoxin inobatsira moyo wemwana kurova zvakasimba.
• ACE inhibitors inokudza mitsipa yeropa uye inoita kuti ropa rifambe zvakanaka.

Imwe nzira yenguva pfupi ndeye nzira inonzi pulmonary artery banding . Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hweropa rinoyerera kuburikidza ne pulmonary artery kuenda kumapapu emwana. Vacheche vakambova ne pulmonary artery banding vanogona kugadziriswa zvachose gare gare.

Matambudziko anogona kuitika mushure mekurapwa here?

Ehe, dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvakaita seizvi zvinogona kuitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa:

• Kuvharika kwemoyo: Izvi zvinoreva kuti chiratidzo chekurova kwemoyo hachisviki pasi pemoyo zvakanaka.
• Vharuvhu yeAV inodonhedza mvura kuruboshwe kana kurudyi.
• Buri riri pamadziro ekamuri repasi (Ventricular septal defect).
• Kutetepa (Stenosis) kwevharuvhu yeAV yekuruboshwe kana yekurudyi.
• Kuvharirwa kweropa pasi pevharuvhu yeaortic (Subaortic stenosis).

Izvi (Atrioventricular Canal Defect) hazvigone kudzivirirwa here?

Hapana nzira yekudzivirira izvi (Atrioventricular Septal Defect) kuti zvisaitike, nekuti zvinowanzoenderana nezvikonzero zvemajini.

Zvisinei, kana uine pamuviri, unogona kuita zvinhu izvi kuderedza njodzi yekuti mwana wako azvarwe aine chirwere chemwoyo:

• Dzivisa zvachose zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo, doro, uye zvigadzirwa zvefodya.
• Tora majekiseni ese aunoda kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kuzvirwere.
• Ramba uine huremu hwakanaka.
• Kana uine zvirwere zvisingaperi, zvishandise zvakanaka.
• Inwa mavitamini epamuviri, kunyanya folic acid, sezvakakurudzirwa nachiremba wako.

Kana mwana wangu aine chirwere ichi, ramangwana rake richange rakaita sei?

Pasina kuvhiyiwa, vana vane chirwere cheAV canal vanogona kungorarama kwemakore maviri kusvika matatu chete. Vamwe vanorarama kusvika vakura.

Asi mashoko akanaka ndeekuti vana vanosvika 90% vakavhiyiwa vanorarama makore gumi mushure mekurapwa ikoko. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanowanzorarama mamwe makore gumi mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Vanenge 65% vanorarama makore makumi maviri mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Asi yeuka izvi: Kunyangwe mushure mekuvhiyiwa, munhu ane Atrioventricular Canal Defect (AVCD) haazove nemoyo wakajairika. Anofanira kuramba achiongororwa echocardiograms nguva nenguva kuti aongorore mashandiro emwoyo wake. Izvi zvichabatsira kuona matambudziko ese nekukurumidza.

Chigamba chinoiswa pamusoro peburi chinogona kugara kweupenyu hwese. Asi nekufamba kwenguva, rimwe remavharuvhu emwoyo akagadziriswa rinogona kutanga kubuda mvura. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, pakati pe10% ne20% yevanhu vachada kuvhiyiwa kwechipiri .

Vanhu vazhinji havadi mishonga kana kuvhiyiwa zvakare mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Zvisinei, cardiac arrhythmias inogona kuitika gare gare. Kana izvi zvikaitika, chiremba anogona kukurudzira nzira dzisinganyanyi kupindira dzakadai seablation .

Ndingatarisira sei mwana wangu?

Ungangoda kuderedza kurovedza muviri kwemwana wako . Bvunza chiremba wemwoyo wemwana wako - chiremba ane hunyanzvi muzvirwere zvemwoyo muvana - nezveizvi.

Vana vane atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) vanogona kukurudzirwa kutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya vasati vaenda kuna chiremba wemazino. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira rudzi rwehutachiona hwemwoyo hunonzi endocarditis . Taurawo nachiremba wemwoyo wemwana wako nezveizvi.

Mwana wangu anofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Unofanira kuenda nemwana wako kuna chiremba wemwoyo wevana nguva nenguva. Vanogona kutarisa moyo wemwana wako kana paine chero dambudziko. Vamwe vana vane AV canal defects vangada kurapwa zvakare mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Chigamba chinogona kudonha, kana kuti vharuvhu yakagadziriswa inogona kudonha kana kutetepa.

Mwana ane dambudziko reAV canal anogonawo kunge aine matambudziko etsinga kana kukura kwemuviri . Angangodawo rubatsiro nazvo.

Kana mwana wako akura, anofanira kuenda kuna chiremba wemwoyo wemunhu mukuru akaberekerwa naye uye oenda kunoongororwa kanenge kamwe chete pagore.

Mibvunzo ipi yandinofanira kubvunza chiremba wemwana wangu?

Unogona kubvunza chiremba wemwana wako mibvunzo yakaita seiyi:

• Mwana wangu ane rudzii rwechirwere cheAV canal ?
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinoratidza kuti chirwere chiri kuipa?
• Achazoda kuvhiyiwa rini?
• Mwana wangu achada mushonga here mushure mekuvhiyiwa?
• Ndichafanira kuderedza mabasa emwana wangu here?

Zvakajairika kuva nemanzwiro akasiyana-siyana paunonzwa kuti mwana wako achangoberekwa ane chirwere chemwoyo chakaita seAtrioventricular Canal Defect . Asi vanachiremba vemwana wako varipo kuti vakubatsire, uye vanoda kuita zvakanakira mwana wako. Tsvaga kuti chii chaizvo chine chekuita nechirwere chemwana wako. Kana paine chausingazive nezvacho, bvunza chiremba wako nezvazvo. Ino ndiyo nguva yekutsigira hutano hwemwana wako.

Saka, ndezvipi zvinhu zvatinofanira kurangarira kubva pane izvi zvose?

• Kukanganisika kwemugero weropa (Atrioventricular Canal Defect) chirwere chemwoyo chinowanikwa pakuzvarwa. Chinonyanya kukonzerwa neburi riri mumoyo uye dambudziko remavharuvhu.
• Kuonekwa kwechirwere nekukurumidza uye kuvhiyiwa nenguva kwakakosha zvikuru. Kuvhiyiwa uku kunobudirira zvikuru.
• Vacheche vane Down syndrome vanowanzova nedambudziko iri.
• Kutarisirwa kwenguva refu kwechiremba kunodiwa kunyangwe mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Unofanira kugara uchionana nachiremba wemwoyo kweupenyu hwako hwese.
• Kana uine pamuviri, kutevedzera mararamiro ane hutano uye kutevedzera mazano echiremba kunogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yemwana wako yekuzvarwa aine chirwere chemwoyo.
• Usatya, vanachiremba varipo kuti vakubatsire iwe nemwana wako. Bvunza mibvunzo, ziva kuti uripo.

Chirwere chemwoyo , zvirema zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo, moyo wemwana, buri mumoyo, Atrioventricular Canal Defect, AVSD, chirwere chemwoyo chevana