Dzimwe nguva unonzwa sekuti haukodzeri here? Kunyangwe ruzha rudiki runogona kukuvhiringidza, asi unogona kutarisa pane chimwe chinhu chaunoda kwemaawa akawanda. Unombofunga here kuti, "Ndini uyu, handiti?" paunoona zvinhu pasocial media ? Ungave uine autism neADHD. Ichi chirwere chine vanhu vazhinji. Saka ngatitaurei nezvazvo nenzira iri nyore uye yakatwasuka.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi AuDHD?
AuDHD haisiriyo nzira yepamutemo yekuongorora chirwere. Asi ishoko iro vanachiremba vepfungwa nevaongorori vava kuritora zvakakomba. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kana munhu aine Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) uye Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) , izwi rinoshandiswa kutsanangura munhu iyeye ndiAuDHD (Aut-tism + ADHD).
Ungave wakaona kuti vamwe vanhu vanoti, "Ndiri AuDHD" pane kuti "Ndine AuDHD." Chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti mamiriro aya haaonekwe sechirwere cheuropi, asi sehunhu hwakasiyana-siyana (neurodiversity) muuropi hwemunhu. Kureva kuti, ichi hachisi chikanganiso chinofanira kugadziriswa, asi mutsauko munzira iyo vamwe vanhu vanofunga, vanonzwa, uye vanoona nyika.
Fungidzira, kusvika muna 2013, vanachiremba vaisabvumirwa kuongorora munhu ane autism neADHD panguva imwe chete. Asi ikozvino mitemo iyoyo yachinja. Nekuti tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti mamiriro maviri aya anowanzo vapona.
Ndezvipi zvikonzero zveAuDHD?
Hapana anoziva chikonzero chaicho cheizvi parizvino. Asi autism neADHD zvirwere zvetsinga. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hazvikure zvese panguva imwe chete kana munhu akura, asi zvinotanga kuratidza zviratidzo muhudiki kana kuyaruka. Ungasazviziva izvi kusvika wava nemakore ekuma30 kana 40, asi zvakatangira pahudiki.
Chinhu chikuru ndere majini. Matambudziko ese ari maviri anogona kugarwa nhaka. Dzimwe nguva, mushure mekunge mwana wako aonekwa kuti ane autism kana ADHD, unogona kutarisa runyorwa rwezviratidzo wofunga kuti, "Maiwe... ndini chete." Vakuru vazhinji vanotanga kutsvaga mamiriro avo emuviri mushure mekuonekwa kuti mwana wavo ane chirwere ichi.
Pamusoro pezvo, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa:
- Kuchinja kwemaumbirwo ehuropi, kukura, kana maitiro emakemikari.
- Kusangana nehupfu hwezvakatipoteredza panguva yekuzvitakura kana mushure mekusununguka.
- Hutano hwaamai panguva yekuzvitakura.
- Kuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana kupfuura zvaitarisirwa.
- Kusawana oxygen yakakwana kuuropi pakuzvarwa.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti, iyi haisi mhosva yako. Iyi shanduko yechisikigo inodzika midzi muuropi hwako kubva panguva yaunozvarwa.
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti pane hukama hwakasimba pakati pe autism ne ADHD:
- 50% - 70% yevanhu vane autism vanewo zviratidzo zveADHD.
- 15% - 25% yevanhu vane ADHD vanoratidza zviratidzo zve autism.
Sei izvi zvisina kuzivikanwa kwenguva yakareba kudaro?
Kazhinji, kunyanya munyika dzedu, pane kunonoka kuziva mamiriro aya. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi:
- Miedzo yekare: Kare, bvunzo dzaive dzakagadzirirwa kuona autism neADHD dzaive dzakagadzirirwa vakomana vainyanya kukanganisa uye vakakurumbira. Saka, vakarasikirwa nevaya vaivhara/kuviga kusiyana kwavo uye vachiedza kukodzera munharaunda, kunyanya vasikana.
- Kuchinja kwehupenyu: Zviratidzo zvako zvinogona kuwedzera kunetsa sezvo mabasa ako ehupenyu achiwedzera. Semuenzaniso, unogona kunzwa kushushikana zvakanyanya paunotanga kushanda, kuroora kana kuroorwa, kuva nemwana, kana kutanga kugara wega.
- Mafungiro Asiriwo: Vamwe vangasanzwisisa shanduko dzako vachiti "usimbe," "kuzvikudza," kana kuti "kuda".
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveAuDHD?
Zvakaitika kune munhu wese zvakasiyana. Asi pane zvinhu zvakafanana zvine chekuita ne autism ne ADHD. Semunhu ane autism ADHD, unogona kusangana nezviratidzo izvi zvichipesana. Zvinogona kuvhiringidza zvikuru. Ngatitarisei zviratidzo izvi zvakajeka mutafura.
| Zviratidzo zvine chekuita ne autism | Zviratidzo zvine chekuita neADHD |
|---|---|
| Kusada kutaura kudiki, kuoma kunzwisisa mitemo isingataurwi yevanhu. | Kuomerwa nekugara wakatarisa, kana kusakwanisa kusarudza zvekutarisa. |
| Kudzokorora chinhu chimwe chete (semuenzaniso, kudzvanya-dzvanya minwe, kuzunguza). | Kunzwa kusagadzikana nguva dzese, kusakwanisa kugara panzvimbo imwe chete (kungogara uchingozvidya mwoyo). |
| Kusakwanisa kushivirira mamwe manzwi, mwenje, hwema, uye kubatwa (Kunzwa kwakanyanya). | Kutaura zvese panguva imwe chete pasina kufunga, achipa ruzivo rwakawanda. |
| Zvido zvakakosha. | Kukanganwa nezvekusangana, kurasikirwa nezvinhu, kurasikirwa nenguva. |
| Manzwiro anoita munhu ane AuDHD (zvose zviri zviviri) | |
| • Une dambudziko rekutanga kana kupedza basa, kunyangwe riri chinhu chaunofarira chaizvo. (Executive Dysfunction) • Ndinoda kukurudzirwa kuti ndinyatsotarisa, asi ndinokundwa kunyangwe nechinhu chidiki diki. • Unoda purogiramu yezuva nezuva, asi kuita zvimwe chetezvo kunokurumidza kufinha. • Akanyarara kwazvo pamberi pevanhu vaasingazive, asi anotaura zvakawanda nevanhu vaanovimba navo zvikuru. • Kunyangwe ukaenda kumusangano wekushamwaridzana (party/muchato) wonakidzwa, unonzwa wakaneta paunosvika kumba. | |
Kurarama nemanzwiro akadaro anopesana kunogona kutungamirira kumamiriro ezvinhu akadai sekuzvidya mwoyo uye kuora mwoyo.
Unoona sei izvi nemazvo?
Kana muine kusava nechokwadi nezveizvi, musaita sarudzo zvichibva pane zvamunoverenga paindaneti. Chinhu chakanakisa chekuita ndechekuona chiremba wemhuri yenyu (Primary Care Doctor). Budai pachena nezvemanzwiro enyu, kuti muri kutarisana sei nezuva renyu, uye kuti muri kutambura papi muhupenyu.
Unogona kubvunza mibvunzo yakaita seiyi:
- "Chiremba, ndine ADHD, autism, kana chimwe chinhu here?"
- "Sei ndisingakwanise kushivirira mamwe manzwi nekunhuhwirira?"
- "Ndokumbirawo munditumire kuna nyanzvi panyaya iyi here?"
Chiremba wako achakutumira kuna chiremba wepfungwa kana chiremba wepfungwa. Ongororo yakazara inogona kusanganisira:
- Kutaura nezvenhoroondo yako yehutano nematambudziko aripo iye zvino.
- Kuzadza mibvunzo.
- Kutaura nevemhuri vanokuziva zvakanaka.
- Miedzo inoyera kufunga, ndangariro, uye kunzwisisa kwevanhu.
Unogona kuwana mamwe mazano kubva kuzviedzo zvemunhu zviripo online, zvakaita se "Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ)" kana kuti "ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)".Zvisinei, mhedzisiro yebvunzo idzi haigone kuratidza kana uine AuDHD. Izvi zvinoda kuongororwa kwakasimba kubva kuna chiremba ane hunyanzvi.
Ndeapi marapirwo eAuDHD?
Hapana mushonga mumwe chete unoti, "Uyu ndiwo mushonga." Nzira inonyanya kushanda ndeyekushandisa musanganiswa wemishonga inoshanda kwauri.
- Mishonga: Kunyange hazvo pasina mushonga wezviratidzo zvikuru zve autism, mishonga inogona kubatsira nezviratidzo zvine chekuita ne ADHD, zvakaita sekusateerera uye kusagadzikana. Zvisinei, vanhu vane autism vanogona kunge vachinyanya kukanganiswa nemigumisiro yemishonga. Saka, zvakakosha kutaura nachiremba wako uye kuyedza mishonga yakasiyana-siyana kuti uwane mishonga yakakodzera uye chiyero chakakodzera iwe.
- Kurapa: Nyanzvi yekurapa inogona kukubatsira kudzora manzwiro ako nekugadzirisa matambudziko ako. Nzira dzakadai se `Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)` uye `Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)` dzinoshanda zvikuru.
- Kuchinja kwenharaunda: Pamwe zororo guru rinobva pakuchinja nharaunda yako pane kuzvichinja iwe pachako. Semuenzaniso:
- Kushandisa mahedhifoni anodzima ruzha munzvimbo dzine ruzha.
- Shandisa zviyeuchidzo zvinoonekwa (makarenda, runyorwa) kuti usakanganwa mabasa.
- Kujaira kuramba "kwete" kana paine zvinhu zvinokunetsa.
- Kukumbira pekugara panodiwa kubasa kana kuchikoro.
Nzira yekugara sei uchifara neAuDHD?
Kugara zvakanaka neAuDHD hakusi "kuzvigadzirira" iwe. Kunongova kuvaka hupenyu hwako uchitenderedza pfungwa dzako . Kana ukanyatsonzwisisa mashandiro anoita pfungwa dzako, unogona kugadzira mazano, miganhu, uye tsika dzinoitsigira.
Yeuka, uropi hwako "hahuna kuipa." Hunongo "siyana." Kana ukaremekedza musiyano iwoyo wotanga kurarama zvinoenderana nawo, hupenyu hunova nyore.
Unogona kuedza zvinhu izvi:
- Nyora pasi kuti simba rako, chinangwa chako, uye manzwiro ako zvinoshanduka sei mukati mezuva.
- Wana nguva yekuzorora (nguva yekupora) mushure mechiitiko chekushamwaridzana, senge pati kana muchato.
- Gadzira maitiro anoita kuti unzwe wakachengeteka.
- Wana nguva yakawanda yezvinhu zvaunoda uye zvinokufadza.
- Taura nevanhu vakambosanganawo nedambudziko rakafanana nerako. Mapoka ekutsigirana paindaneti inzvimbo yakanakawo yekuita izvi.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- AuDHD izwi rinotsanangura munhu ane autism neADHD.
- Uku kuchinja kwetsinga dzemuviri kunoitika pakuzvarwa, uye haisi mhosva yako kana chirwere chinoda kugadziriswa.
- Zviratidzo zvinogona kupesana (semuenzaniso, kuda kurongeka asi uchikurumidza kufinhwa). Saka usazvipa mhosva nazvo.
- Kana muine kusava nechokwadi nezveizvi, zvakakosha zvikuru kutsvaga mazano kubva kuna chiremba ane hunyanzvi kana chiremba wepfungwa, pane kungovimba neinternet chete.
- Kurapwa hakusi kwekukugadzirisa, asi kugadzirisa hupenyu hwako nenzvimbo yako kuti zvienderane nekushanda kwehuropi hwako.
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