Dzimwe nguva unonzwa sekuti mwana wako ari kuita zvakasiyana zvishoma nevamwe vana here? Pamwe haadi kutarisa vamwe nekutaura navo, kana kutamba navo. Kana kuti ane tsika yekudzokorora zvinhu zvakafanana here? Zvakajairika kuti mubereki anzwe kutya uye kunetseka kana ukaona zvinhu zvakadai. Nhasi tichataura nezvechirwere chinoratidza zviratidzo izvi, icho chaimbozivikanwa mune zvehutano se'Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD), asi ikozvino chinozivikanwa se'Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Usatya kunyangwe zita racho rachinja, ngatinzwisise izvi zviri nyore.
Sei mazita maviri aya? Musiyano uripi?
Kare, gore ra2013 risati rasvika, vanachiremba vaishandisa izwi rekuti 'Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD)' kutsanangura kumwe kunonoka kwekukura kwevana. Izvi zvaisanganisira matambudziko ekushamwaridzana nekutaurirana nevamwe, kusada kuchinja maitiro ekugara, uye mafambiro kana maitiro anodzokororwa.
Asi pasi pechikamu ichi chePDD, paive nemamwe mapoka madiki akadai sekuti `(Asperger's syndrome)` uye `(Autistic disorder)`. Nekuda kweizvi, vana vane zviratidzo zvakafanana vakaonekwa vaine mazita akasiyana. Izvi zvaivhiringidza vabereki nevanachiremba zvakafanana.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kuti tibvise kuvhiringidzika uku uye kuti kuongororwa kwechirwere kuve pachena uye kwakarurama, zvirwere izvi zvose zvakaiswa pasi pezita rimwe chete: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
Saka kana ukaona izwi rekuti PDD mubhuku rekare kana kuti chinyorwa, yeuka kuti rinoreva mamiriro akafanana neaya ava kunzi ASD.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi?
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) haisi chirwere chinokanganisa munhu wese nenzira imwechete. Chakafanana nemavara emuraraungu, akapararira muchikamu chimwe nechimwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zviratidzo zvevamwe vana zvinogona kunge zvisinganzwisisike , nepo zvimwe zvingave nezviratidzo zviri pachena.
Tafura iri pazasi inogona kutsanangura izvi zvakanyanya.
| Nzvimbo ine dambudziko | Zviratidzo zvinoonekwa kakawanda |
|---|---|
| Kutaurirana kwevanhu uye kutaurirana (Kutaurirana Kwevanhu uye Kutaurirana) | |
| Maitiro akaganhurirwa kana kuti anodzokororwa (Maitiro Akaganhurirwa kana Anodzokororwa) |
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti vamwe vanhu vane chirwere ichi vagone kudzidza zvakanaka, kuva nemabasa, uye kurarama vega. Tinogona kusatomboziva kuti vane chirwere ichi. Uyewo, vamwe vanhu vanogona kunge vakaremara zvakanyanya uye vanoda rubatsiro rwevakuru.
Ndezvipi zvikonzero uye zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi yechirwere ichi?
"Sei izvi zvakaitika kumwana wangu?" Uyu mubvunzo unowanzo bvunzwa nevabereki vazhinji. Chinhu chakakosha chekurangarira ndechekuti ASD haikonzerwi nekukanganisa kwevabereki, zvikanganiso zvekurera vana, kana majekiseni.
Masayendisiti haasati awana chikonzero chaicho cheASD. Zvisinei, majini akaonekwa sechikonzero chikuru chinokanganisa izvi. Zvisinei, iyi haisi "gene re autism" rimwe chete. Njodzi iyi inogona kuwedzerwa nekusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvemajini nezvinhu zvakatikomberedza .
Zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi:
- Nhoroondo yemhuri: Kana mwana mumwe chete mumhuri aine ASD, njodzi yekuti mwana anotevera ave nayo inowedzera zvishoma.
- Kuzvara nguva isati yakwana: Vana vanozvarwa vasati vasvika mavhiki makumi matatu nemanomwe vari panjodzi huru, kunyanya avo vanozvarwa vachiri vadiki.
- Zera revabereki: Dzimwe ongororo dzakaratidza kuti njodzi yacho inowedzera zvishoma nezera remumwe wevabereki kana vese.
- Zvimwe zvirwere:Njodzi yekubatwa neASD yakakura kana paine mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu emumajini. Semuenzaniso:
- Chirwere cheFragile X
- Kuoma kwemapapu (tuberous sclerosis)
- Down syndrome
- Rett syndrome
Ungaziva sei chirwere ichi?
ASD haigone kuonekwa nekuongororwa ropa kamwe chete kana kuskenwa kweuropi. Iyi iongororo yakazara inoitiswa nechikwata chenyanzvi. Chiremba wevana vemwana wako anowanzo kukutumira kuna nyanzvi kana vaine zvinomunetsa panguva yekuongororwa kwemwana wako kwemwedzi 9, 18, uye 24/30.
Vanachiremba vane ruzivo mune izvi ndevanotevera:
- Vanachiremba vepfungwa vevana
- Vana Vepfungwa
- Vanachiremba veHurosi hweVana
- Vanachiremba vevana vanokura
Vanosvika pakuongorora chirwere chacho nekutarisa maitiro emwana, kubvunza vabereki nezvemaitiro emwana uye maitiro ekutaurirana, uye kuita ongororo dzakasiyana-siyana.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuziva chirwere ichi nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, nekuti kana kurapwa kwakakosha kukatanga, ramangwana remwana richava rakanaka.
Ndezvipi zviri kurapwa?
Hapana mushonga weASD parizvino. Zvisinei, kune nzira dzakawanda dzekurapa dzinoshanda dzinogona kubatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwemwana, uye kuita kuti hupenyu hwezuva nezuva huve nyore kumwana .
Kurapa kwemishonga
Kunyange hazvo pasina mushonga weASD, mishonga inoshandiswa kurapa mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu angave akabatana nayo. Semuenzaniso, vana vazhinji vane ASD vanewo matambudziko akadai se attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) uye anxiety. Mishonga yezvirwere izvi inogona kubatsira vamwe vana. Vanachiremba vanogonawo kunyora mishonga yakaita se risperidone ne aripiprazole kudzora maitiro akadai sekutsamwa zvakanyanya uye kuzvikuvadza. Mishonga iyi yese inofanira kungopihwa pasi pekutarisirwa uye kurudziro yenyanzvi.
Kurapa
Chinonyanya kukosha kupfuura mishonga ndiyo mishonga iyi, iyo inosiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemwana.
- Kurapa Kutaura: Kuvandudza kugona kutaura nekutaurirana nevamwe.
- Kurapa Kwebasa: Kubatsira vanhu kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva akadai sekupfeka, kudya, uye kunyora vari vega.
- Kurapa Kwemuviri: Kuvandudza kufamba kwemuviri uye kuenzana.
- Kurapa Maitiro:Kudzora maitiro asina kunaka uye kuva nemaitiro akanaka. "Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)" inzira inozivikanwa zvikuru inowira pasi peizvi.
- Kudzidziswa Kwemagariro Evanhu: Kudzidzisa maitiro ekusangana nevamwe, kuita shamwari, uye kuzvibata munharaunda.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- 'Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)' izita rekare rinoshandiswa pachirwere ichi chava kuzivikanwa se'Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).'
- ASD chirwere chetsinga chine chekuita nekukura kwehuropi, kwete chirwere chepfungwa kana mhedzisiro yekukanganisa kwevabereki.
- Dambudziko iri rinonzi 'Spectrum', zvichireva kuti rine hunyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana nematambudziko. Mwana wese akasiyana.
- Kana muine zvinokunetsai nezvemaitiro emwana wenyu, taurai nachiremba wevana venyu nekukasika. Kuongororwa kwechirwere ichi nekukurumidza kwakakosha zvikuru.
- Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisingagone "kurapwa", nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa uye, kana zvichidikanwa, mishonga inogona kupa mwana hunyanzvi hunodiwa kuti ararame hupenyu hunobudirira uye hunofadza.
- Remekedzai hunhu hwemwana wenyu nehunyanzvi hwake. Anoona nyika zvakasiyana. Mupei rudo, rutsigiro, uye nhungamiro yaanoda.
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