Chii chinonzi autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD)? Usatya, ngatitaure nezvazvo

Mwana wako mudiki anotamba ega asingabatanidzi vamwe vana here? Kana kuti haakutarise mumaziso paunotaura here? Dzimwe nguva anodzokorora chinhu chimwe chete here? Zvakajairika kuti iwe semubereki unzwe kutya uye kunetseka kana ukaona zvinhu zvakadai. Nhasi tichataura nezvechirwere chinonzi autism, chinoratidza zviratidzo izvi uye chinotaurwa nevanhu vazhinji. Hapana chikonzero chekutya. Ngatinzwisisei zvese nezveizvi zviri nyore uye zvakajeka.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi autism?

Autism, kana kuti inozivikanwa seAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), chirwere chakaoma chinokanganisa kukura kwehuropi. Hachisi chirwere, asi kuchinja mashandiro ehuropi. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro anoita munhu ane autism nevamwe, kutaurirana, kudzidza, uye maitiro ake.

Zviratidzo zveAutism zvinowanzotanga kuoneka vasati vasvitsa makore matatu . Chirwere ichi chinogara kweupenyu hwese. Chinonzi "spectrum" nekuti maitiro ainoita munhu wese uye kuoma kwacho kunosiyana zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana vanhu vaviri vane autism vakafanana.

Kune mazinga akasiyana e autism here?

Ehe. Autism haibate munhu wese nenzira imwe chete. Kare, vanhu vaishandisa mazwi akadai sekuti "high-functioning" uye "low-functioning." Asi mazwi aya haana basa uye anogona kukuvadza. Ndosaka vanachiremba vasingachashandisi mazwi aya.

Pane kudaro, matanho matatu akaiswa zvichienderana nekuti munhu ane autism anoda rubatsiro rwakadini.

Chinhu chakanakisa chekuita kana uchitaura nezvemunhu ane autism kubvunza munhu iyeye kana muchengeti wake kuti vangada kutsanangurwa sei.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zve autism?

Zviratidzo zveAutism zvinogona kusiyana zvishoma pakati pevana nevakuru.

Zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa muvana

• Kusaonana mumaziso.
• Kusapindura zita rake kunyangwe aine mwedzi mipfumbamwe yekuberekwa.
• Kusatamba mitambo yakapfava yakaita sekuombera maoko pazera remwedzi gumi nemiviri.
• Vanorongedza matoyi avo nenzira imwe chete, uye vanogumbuka zvikuru kana nzira iyoyo ikachinjwa.
• Kudzokorora chinhu chimwe chete kakawanda. Semuenzaniso, kutaura mazwi akafanana, kuzununguka-zununguka, kana kusimudza maoko ako.
• Kusatarisa zviri kuratidzwa nevamwe vanhu.
• Kusafarira kutamba nevamwe vana.
• Kunonoka kuita zvinhu zvakaita sekutaura nekufamba.
• Kunzwa zvakanyanya kune ruzha rwakajairika, hwema, uye kubata.
• Kusada kumbundirwa kana kubatwa nemumwe munhu.

Zviratidzo zvinoonekwa muvanhu vakuru

• Kuoma kunzwisisa zviri kufungwa uye zviri kunzwiwa nevamwe.
• Kusarudza kuva wega kana kuti kunetseka kuwana shamwari.
• Kunetseka mumamiriro ezvinhu evanhu (semuenzaniso, mitambo, mapati).
• Kusarudza kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva nenzira imwechete, nenzira imwe chete, uye kusada kuona achichinja.
• Zvinhu zvinotaurwa zvakafanana (litre)ZVOSE y) Kunzwisisa. (semuenzaniso kuoma kunzwisisa mifananidzo yakaita sekuti "kutyora gumbo").
• Kuomerwa nekutarisana mumaziso nekutaura.
• Kuva asina chinangwa, asina hunhu, kana kuti asina hanya nevamwe kunogona kuita sechinhu chakaipa.

Chii chinonzi "Stimming" uye "Meltdowns"?

Kukurudzira zvinoreva maitiro ekuzvikurudzira. Semuenzaniso, vamwe vanhu vane autism vanokwazisa maoko avo, vanofambisa minwe yavo, uye vanogutsurira. Vanoita izvi kuti vafare, vasanetseke, kana kuti vagadzirise kushushikana kana kuzvidya mwoyo. Izvi zvinovabatsira kudzikama.

Kuora mwoyo hakusi kungotsamwa kunokonzerwa nemwana. Ipfungwa dzisingadzoreki kana munhu ane autism akanyanya kuomerwa nekubata, senge kunhuhwirira, ruzha, kana chiedza. Munguva iyi, vanogona kuchema, kuridza mhere, kukava, kana kunyarara zvachose. Vapei nzvimbo, gadzirai nzvimbo yakachengeteka, uye muvabate neruremekedzo.

Chii chinokonzera autism? Inokonzerwa nemajekiseni here?

Chikonzero chaicho che autism hachisati chazivikanwa , asi zvinofungidzirwa kuti imhaka yekuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana muzvikamu zveuropi zvinobata ruzivo rwekunzwa nemutauro.

Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokonzera njodzi zvinokanganisa izvi:

• Zvinhu zvinokonzerwa nemajini: Kana mumwe munhu mumhuri aine autism, mwana wacho ari panjodzi huru yekuibatawo.
• Zera revabereki: Zera revabereki panguva yekubata pamuviri.
• Matambudziko panguva yekuzvarwa: Zvinhu zvakaita sekuzvarwa uine huremu hushoma kwazvo.
• Murume kana Mukadzi: Autism inowanikwa zvakanyanya pakati pevakomana kupfuura vasikana.

Autism inoonekwa sei? (Kuongororwa)

Hapana bvunzo yeropa kana weti inogona kunyatsoongorora chirwere cheautism. Vanachiremba vanochiongorora nekunyatsoongorora maitiro nekukura kwemwana.

Kazhinji pane matanho maviri ekuita izvi:

1. Kuongorora Kukura Kwemwana:Kana ukaenda nemwana wako kukiriniki, chiremba achatarisa kukura kwemwana. Vachaongorora kana zvinhu zvakaita sekutaura, kufamba, uye kudzidza zviri kuitika panguva yakakodzera yezera rake. Kazhinji, vanopa hanya zvakanyanya nezve autism kumakiriniki emwedzi 18 ne24. Kana vachifunga kuti pane kunonoka kana dambudziko, vachakutumira kune danho rinotevera.

2. Kuongorora Kwakakwana: Kuti izvi zviitike, munhu anofanira kutumirwa kunyanzvi dzakadai senyanzvi yepfungwa dzevana kana chiremba wevana anoona nezvekukura kwemwana. Vachaongorora maitiro emwana, kutaurirana, uye hunyanzvi hwake hwekufunga. Vachabvunza vabereki mibvunzo. Dzimwe nguva, vanotsvagawo rubatsiro rwenyanzvi yekutaura nemutauro uye nyanzvi yekurapa nezvemabasa.

Ndeipi mishonga yekurapa autism?

Chekutanga, yeuka kuti hapana 'piritsi remashiripiti' rinogona kurapa autism zvachose. Asi kutanga kurapwa nekukurumidza kunogona kubatsira mwana wako kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwake uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ake. Kurapa kunosiyana kubva kumunhu kusvika kumunhu.

Dzimwe dzenzira huru dzekurapa ndedzinotevera:

• Kurapa Kwemaitiro: Kunobatsira kukurudzira maitiro akanaka uye kudzora maitiro asingadiwe. Kuongororwa Kwemaitiro Anoshandiswa (ABA) inzira inozivikanwa yekurapa inowira muchikamu ichi.
• Kurapa Kwekukura: Kurapa Kwekutaura Kunovandudza hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana. Kurapa Kwemabasa Kunovandudza hunyanzvi hwezuva nezuva hwakadai sekupfeka nekudya.
• Kurapa Kwedzidzo: Kugadzirisa nzira dzekudzidzisa kuti dzienderane nezvinodiwa nemwana.
• Mishonga: Kunyange hazvo pasina mushonga we autism, dzimwe nguva vanachiremba vanopa mishonga yekudzora mamwe matambudziko akafanana (semuenzaniso, kunyanyisa kushanda, kuzvidya mwoyo, kushaya hope).

Ungabatsira sei semubereki?

Kana mwana wako aine autism, rudo rwako nerutsigiro ndizvo zvinomusimbisa zvikuru.

• Batsirai pakutaurirana: Paunenge uchitaura nemwana wako, taura zita rake. Taura zvishoma nezvishoma, nemashoko ari nyore uye akajeka. Shandisa mifananidzo nezviratidzo.
• Gadzira purogiramu yenguva dzose:Vana vane autism havadi shanduko, saka chengetedzai zvinhu zvakaita senguva dzekudya, nguva dzekutamba, uye nguva dzekurara.
• Batsira nematambudziko ekurara: Edza kurara panguva imwe chete zuva nezuva. Ita kuti imba yako ive nerima uye yakanyarara.
• Batsirai kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekushamwaridzana nevanhu: Musamanikidza mwana wenyu. Mubatanidzei muzviitiko zvemapoka madiki. Mupei nguva yekudzidza hunyanzvi hwekushamwaridzana nevanhu.