Wakambozvibvunza here kuti ndeipi nhengo inoshamisa kwazvo mumuviri wedu? Ipfungwa dzedu. Dzakafanana ne'Control Center' yemuviri wedu wese. Zvese zvatinofunga, zvatinoita, uye zvatinonzwa zvinodzorwa nenhengo iyi inoshamisa iri mumusoro medu mudiki. Saka unoziva here kuti uropi uhwu hwakagadzirwa nei? Kunyanya, uropi hunoumbwa nemarudzi maviri enyama. Imwe ndiyo ' grey matter ' yatiri kutaura nezvayo nhasi. Imwe ndiyo ' white matter '. Zvese izvi zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha kuti mabasa edu ezuva nezuva ashande zvakanaka.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi chinhu chisina kuchena ichi?
Zvakanaka, ngatizvitaure zviri nyore. Iyi grey matter imhando yenyama yakakosha muCentral Nervous System yedu, iyo iri uropi hwako nemusana. Apa ndipo panowanikwa masero mazhinji etsinga dzedu.
Zvino ungave uchishamisika kuti, 'Ndezvipi masero aya etsinga?' Funga nezvawo setiweki yetambo diki dzemagetsi dzinotakura ruzivo mumiviri yedu yese. Sero retsinga rinoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu zvikuru.
1. Muviri weTsinga: Ichi ndicho chikamu chikuru chesero retsinga. Chakafanana nemudzi wemuti. Chinewo nucleus yesero. Ndiyo nucleus iyi inodzora mashandiro esero rese.
2. Axon: Ichi chikamu chakareba, chakaita seshinda chinobuda mumuviri wesero, sehunde yemuti. Ndipo panotakurwa masaini emagetsi kubva kune rimwe sero kuenda kune rimwe.
3. Madendrite: Aya akafanana nematavi emuti, tumashinda tudiki tunobuda mumuviri wesero. Apa ndipo panogamuchirwa zviratidzo kubva kune mamwe masero etsinga.
Saka, chinhu ichi chegrey chinowanzoumbwa nemasero emasero etsinga, akaita semidzi, uye matavi, akaita sematavi. Kureva kuti, basa guru rekugadzirisa ruzivo rinoitika mukati mechinhu ichi chegrey.
Dumbu iri rinotanga kuumbwa tichiri mudumbu. Mushure mekunge mwana aberekwa, huwandu hwenyama iyi hunowedzera kusvika ava nemakore angangoita masere. Zvadaro, huwandu hwayo hunowedzera kusvika ava nemakore angangoita makumi maviri. Kuwedzera uku kwehuwandu ndiko kunowedzera kugona kweuropi hwedu kugadzirisa ruzivo nekukura kwepfungwa. Asi chinhu chakakosha kurangarira ndechekuti masero aya etsinga haakure matsva, uye haadzokeri kana akafa. Kureva kuti, kana tsinga ikakuvara, haidzokeri.
Chii chiri musiyano pakati pezvinhu zvichena nezvichena?
Iyi inyaya inovhiringidza vanhu vazhinji. Inenge 40% yehuropi hwedu inoumbwa nezvinhu zvitema, uye 60% yasara izvinhu zvichena. Zviviri izvi zvine mabasa akasiyana. Zvakafanana ne processor newaya dzayo mukombuta.
Ngatinzwisisei musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri izvi kubva patafura iri pazasi.
| Chinhu | Chinhu Chitema | Chinhu Chichena |
|---|---|---|
| Zviri mukati zvikuru | Miviri yetsinga uye dendrites yemasero etsinga. | MaAxons ndiwo matinji marefu emasero etsinga. |
| Basa guru | Kugadziriswa Kwemashoko. Kufunga, kurangarira, kudzidza, kutaura, uye kudzora mafambiro zvinoonekwa pano. | Kutaurirana. Kutakura zviratidzo pakati penzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeuropi, uye pakati peuropi nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. |
| Chikonzero cheruvara | Inoita segrey nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwemasero akaungana pamwe chete. | MaAxons ane ruvara ruchena nekuda kwemafuta akafukidzwa anonzi myelin sheath inoapoteredza. |
| Mufananidzo | Sezvakaita zvivakwa nemahofisi muguta. Apa ndipo panoitika basa. | Zvakafanana nemigwagwa netambo dzefoni zvinobatanidza zvivakwa muguta. |
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chinhu chisina kuchena ndicho chiri pakati pemafungiro edu nepfungwa dzedu. Ndipo pano panoitika zvese, kubva pamanzwiro edu kusvika pakurangarira kwedu, kudzidza, kutaura, uye kudzora mafambiro ekuzvidira. Basa rechinhu chichena nderekutumira mameseji nekukurumidza pakati penzvimbo idzi dzekugadzirisa ruzivo.
Chino chegrey ichi chiri kupi mumuviri wedu?
Izvi zvinonyanya kuwanikwa pamusoro pehuropi hwedu uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadzika mukati mehuropi. Zvinowanikwawo mukati memusana.
Nzvimbo iri mukati meuropi
Kana ukatarisa mufananidzo wehuropi, zvinoita sekunge hune makwinya pamusoro pahwo, handiti? Makwinya iwayo (Gyri naSulci) akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvitema. Unoziva here kuti sei zvakakwinya kudaro? Ipapo unogona kurongedza nzvimbo yakawanda yekumusoro munzvimbo diki (mukati medehenya redu). Ndosaka vanhu vaine zvinhu zvitema kupfuura dzimwe mhuka. Ndosaka tichigona kufunga nekudzidza zvinhu zvakaoma.
Nzvimbo dzeuropi dzinonyanya kuwanda grey matter ndeidzi:
- Cerebellum: Ichi chikamu cheuropi hwedu chiri kumashure, pasi. Chine huwandu hukuru hwemasero etsinga muuropi hwese. Chinokosha zvikuru pakudzora kuenzana kwemuviri nekufamba kwawo.
- Cerebrum: Apa ndipo panowanikwa mabasa edu epamusoro epfungwa, akadai sekufunga, kurangarira, uye mutauro.
- Brainstem: Ichi chikamu chinobatanidza uropi nemusana. Chinokosha pakudzora mabasa akakosha akadai sekufema nekurova kwemoyo.
Nzvimbo iri mukati memuzongoza
Kana ukatora musana, une nyama chena kunze, uye nyama yegrey mukati. Yakaita seshavishavi.
Zvinhu zvichena zvinogona kukuvara kana kuderedzwa here?
Ehe, zvinosuwisa kuti izvozvo zvinogona kuitika. Kana masero etsinga ari mu grey matter akafa, izvi zvinopera simba. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi ndechekuti masero iwayo haawani okisijeni neropa raanoda. Ingofunga, nekuti masero aya anogara achishanda, anoda simba rakawanda neokisijeni kuti ashande zvakanaka.
Kana ropa rikaenda kumasero europi rikasafamba zvakanaka, sepanguva yekurohwa kana kubuda ropa muuropi, masero iwayo anogona kukuvara kana kufa.
Uyezve, mamwe masero egrey matter anofa zvakajairika patinokura, asi aya ndiwo masero anogara kwenguva refu mumiviri yedu.
Kune zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda zvinokanganisa ganda regrey:
- Chirwere cheAlzheimer: Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusarongeka kwemapuroteni (Amyloid neTau) muuropi. Izvi zvinokonzera kufa kwemasero etsinga mu grey matter.
- Chirwere cheParkinson: Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwemasero etsinga muchikamu cheuropi chinonzi 'Substantia Nigra', icho chakagadzirwa nenyama nhema.
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Ichi chirwere chinozivikanwa sechirwere chinonyanya kukanganisa zvinhu zvichena. Zvisinei, tsvakurudzo itsva yakawana kuti chirwere ichi chinokuvadzawo zvinhu zvichena, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakadzika dzeuropi.
- Kukuvara Mumusoro (Kukuvara Kwepfungwa Kunorwadza - TBI):Kana ukarohwa zvakanyanya mumusoro, kubuda ropa muuropi kunogona kuitika uye kukanganisa masero ari mu grey matter.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekukuvadzwa kweganda regrey?
Zviratidzo zvekukuvadzwa kweganda regrey zvinoenderana nekuti chikamu chipi cheuropi chakakuvara. Asi kazhinji, unogona kuona zviratidzo zvakaita seizvi:
- Kurasikirwa nendangariro kana kudzikira: Kuomerwa nekurangarira zvinhu zvitsva, kukanganwa zvinhu zvekare.
- Kukanganisika Kwepfungwa: Izvi zvinoreva kuchinja kwekufunga uye kugona kuita sarudzo. Semuenzaniso:
- Matambudziko emutauro (kuoma kutaura, kuwana mazwi).
- Kusakwanisa kuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe nechimwe.
- Kuomerwa nekufunga zvine musoro uye kuita sarudzo dzakaoma.
- Matambudziko Ekufamba Kwemuviri: Kuomerwa nekufamba zvakanaka, kunyanya kana uchishandisa maoko ako kubhatanidza shati, kunyora, kana kubata kapu.
Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu ari pedyo newe aine zviratidzo izvi, zvakakosha zvikuru kuona chiremba nekukasika uye kutsvaga mazano nekukurumidza.
Vanachiremba vanoongorora sei chirwere ichi?
Vanachiremba vanowanzo shandisa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan kuti vaone hutano hwezvinhu zvako zvegrey nechena. Bvunzo iyi inobatsira zvikuru pakuongorora zvirwere zvakaita seParkinson's disease neMS. Pamusoro pezvo, bvunzo dzakadai se fMRI (Functional MRI) nePET (Positron Emission Tomography) dzinogona kushandiswawo.
Pane kurapwa here kana chakakuvara?
Zvinosuwisa kuti parizvino hapana nzira yekugadzirisa kana kurapa zvachose kukuvara kweganda, nekuti sezvatakambotaura, kana masero etsinga afa, haagone kuzvarazve.
Saka, chinhu chega chaunogona kuita kuedza kudzora zviratidzo uye kudzivirira kuti chirwere chisanyanya kuipa. Kuti uite izvi, zvakakosha kutevedzera marapirwo awakaudzwa nachiremba wako nemazvo.
Tingachengetedza sei ganda redu regrey riine hutano?
Ichi ndicho chikamu chakakosha zvikuru. Zviri nani kudzivirira kukuvara pane kurapa mushure mekunge kwaitika. Kuwanikwa kweropa neokisijeni kwakakodzera kwakakosha pahutano hwezvinhu zvisina kuchena. Saka, zvakakosha kuderedza njodzi yechirwere chetsinga dzeropa.
Heano zvimwe zvinhu zvaunogona kuita:
- Dzora BP yakakwira (BP): Kana uine BP yakakwira, tora mishonga yaunonyorerwa nachiremba wako nenguva.
- Kurovedza muviri nguva dzose: Zvakanaka kwazvo kuita maminetsi makumi matatu ekurovedza muviri unokonzera ziya pazuva.
- Deredza kunwa doro: Rega kunwa doro zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
- Ramba uine huremu hwakanaka: Zvakakosha kuchengetedza huremu hwakakodzera kureba kwako.
- Rara zvakanaka: Maawa manomwe kusvika masere ekurara zvakanaka pazuva akakosha.
- Dzora huwandu hweshuga muropa necholesterol: Kana uine zvirwere zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga necholesterol, zvidzore zvakanaka.
- Dzivisa kana kurega kusvuta.
- Deredza kushushikana: Zvinhu zvakaita sekufungisisa neyoga zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza kushushikana.
Ongororo yakaratidza kuti kunyangwe vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu ekuberekwa, vanhu vanoita maekisesaizi nguva dzose vane ganda rakakora kupfuura avo vasingaite maekisesaizi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuramba uchiita maekisesaizi muhupenyu hwako hwese kunobatsira zvikuru pahutano hwehuropi hwako.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvakanakawo kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva zvinoedza uropi. Zvinhu zvakaita sekudzidza mutauro mutsva, chiridzwa chemimhanzi, kana kuverenga mabhuku hazvigadzire masero matsva etsinga, asi zvinogadzira hukama hutsva pakati pemasero etsinga aripo. Izvi tinozvidaidza kuti brain plasticity / neuroplasticity.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Gray matter ndiyo nzvimbo huru yekugadzirisa ruzivo muuropi hwedu nemusana. Chikamu ichi ndicho chinodzora pfungwa dzedu, ndangariro, manzwiro, uye mafambiro edu.
- Chinhu chichena chinotaurirana pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zveuropi, nepo chinhu chegrey chinoongorora ruzivo irworwo.
- Zvirwere zvakaita sestroke, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, uye kukuvara mumusoro zvinogona kukuvadza grey matter.
- Kunyange hazvo kukuvara kweganda regrey kusingadzoreki, mararamiro ane hutano (kurovedza muviri kwakakodzera, kudya kwakanaka, BP uye kudzora shuga) zvinogona kuchengetedza hutano hwehuropi.
- Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoda ari kusangana nematambudziko ekurangarira, kufamba, kana kufunga, zvakakosha kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika.
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