Iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva akambopinda muICU here? Ngatikurukurei nezvazvo! (Intensive Care Unit - ICU)

Hapana mumwe wedu anoda kuva muzvipatara. Asi dzimwe nguva tinoda rubatsiro rwechiremba kuti tiponese hupenyu hwedu, kana kuti tipone kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru. Panguva dzakadaro, ungave wakambonzwa nezve "ICU". Vanhu vazhinji vanotya uye vanotya pavanonzwa izwi rekuti ICU. Saka nhasi, ngatitaurei nezve ICU, chii chinoitika ikoko, uye nei ichikosha.

Chii chinonzi ICU? Sei chakakosha kudaro?

Muchidimbu, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) inzvimbo yakakosha muchipatara. Kutaura chokwadi, inzvimbo inorapwa varwere vane njodzi yehupenyu kana vanorwara zvakanyanya kana avo vakamboita tsaona yakakomba. Ehe, kuva muICU zvinoreva kuti mamiriro acho akakomba zvishoma . Nekuti varwere pano vanoda kutarisirwa kwakakosha, kutariswa uye kurapwa kubva kuna vanachiremba nevanamukoti vane hunyanzvi nguva dzese.

Dzimwe nguva inodanwa nemamwe mazita, ungave wakambonzwa:

• `Yuniti Yekutarisira Varwere Vane Hutsinye`
• `Chikamu Chekurapa Zvakanyanya`
• `Chipatara Chekurapwa Kwakanyanya`

Hazvina mhosva kuti unozvitaura sei, pfungwa yacho yakafanana. Kureva kuti, nzvimbo inopa rubatsiro rwakakosha uye rwakanyanya .

Vanachiremba vanosarudza sei kana ndichida kurapwa muICU?

Zvino ungave uchishamisika kuti, "Ungasarudza sei kuisa munhu muICU ?" Vanachiremba vanotarisa zvinhu zvakawanda pavanenge vachiita sarudzo iyoyo. Funga nezvezvinhu zvakaita se:

• Kuongororwa kwako : Izvi zvinoreva chirwere chaunacho.
• Munoita sei nekurapwa kwamakaitwa kusvika pari zvino? : Dzimwe nguva kurapwa kwakaitwa muwadhi yenguva dzose kunogona kusakwana.
• Zvimwe zvirwere zvaunazvo (`Makomendi`) : Semuenzaniso, kana uine zvimwe zvirwere zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga kana BP , chirwere chikuru chinogona kuoma zvakanyanya.
• Kuoma kwechirwere kana tsaona : Tinotarisawo kuti mamiriro acho akakomba sei.

Uyewo, vanachiremba vachafunga nezvezvaunoda iwe pachako. Vamwe vanhu vangasada kurapwa muICU kana vachifunga kuti zvichakanganisa hupenyu hwavo kana kuti mikana yavo yekupora iri mishoma.

Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvikuru zvekubvumirwa kupinda muICU?

Kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye kukuvara kunoda kurapwa muICU. Ngatitarisei zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvakajairika :

• Nguva yekupora mushure mekuvhiyiwa kukuru : Mushure mekuvhiyiwa kukuru, murwere anotamisirwa zvakananga kuICU uye anotariswa zvakanyanya.
• Kuputika kwetsinga dzeuropi: Iyi idambudziko guru.
• Sepsis : Urwu utachiona hwakakomba hunopararira mumuviri wese.
• Utachiona hwakakomba hwebhakitiriya kana hwemavhairasi : Dzimwe nguva mhando idzi dzeutachiona dzinogona kuisa upenyu panjodzi.
• Kurohwa : Chirwere chinokonzerwa nekuvharika kweropa richienda kuuropi .
• Kukundikana kamwe kamwe kwenhengo huru mumuviri : Semuenzaniso, moyo, itsvo, chiropa, kana mapapu (`(Respiratory failure)`) zvinongoerekana zvamira kushanda.
• Matambudziko mushure mekuvhiyiwa .
• Njodzi dzakakomba : Zvinhu zvakaita semaronda ekupfurwa, tsaona dzemotokari dzakakomba.
• Kukuvara kwakakomba mumusoro (kukuvara kwehuropi kwakakomba) .
• Kuvhunduka : Ichi chirwere apo muviri unorasikirwa neropa rakakwana, zvichishaisa nhengo dzemuviri okisijeni nezvinovaka muviri.
• Zvimwe zvirwere zvakakomba uye marapirwo ane chekuita negomarara .

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, rubatsiro rwenyanzvi rwunopihwa muICU rwakakosha kuchengetedza hupenyu hwemurwere uye kupora nekukurumidza.

Rudzii rwerubatsiro rwunopihwa muICU? Ndiani anopa rubatsiro urwu?

Muchikamu chevarwere vanorwara zvakanyanya , varwere vanoongororwa uye vanorapwa nguva dzese . Zvishandiso zvakawanda zvekurapa zvinoshandiswa pakuita izvi.

ICU inopa "rubatsiro rwevanhu vakawanda" . Kureva kuti, chikwata chevanachiremba, vanamukoti, nevamwe vashandi vehutano vane ruzivo mumabasa akasiyana vanoshanda pamwe chete kutarisira murwere mumwe chete. Fungidzira chikwata chakaita seichi:

• Vanachiremba vehutano hwepamusoro / vanachiremba vepfungwa : Ava ndivo vanachiremba vakuru muICU.
• Vanachiremba vekukuvara : Vanachiremba vanorapa vanhu vakakuvara zvakanyanya.
• Vakoti vakadzidziswa zvakanyanya nevabatsiri vezvekurapa ('Advanced Practice Providers kana maAPP') .
• Vanamukoti : Vashandi vevanamukoti ndivo vanopedza nguva yakawanda vachitarisira murwere.
• Varapi vezvekufema : Avo vanobatsira varwere vane matambudziko ekufema.
• Varapi vezvemabasa : Vanhu vanobatsira varwere kudzokera kumabasa avo.
• Vanachiremba vari kudzidziswa (`Vagari`) : Avo vakapedza dhigirii ravo rezvekurapa uye vari kudzidziswa zvimwe zvehunyanzvi.
• Vanachiremba vari kudzidziswa zvehunyanzvi (`Vashandi`)Kureva kuti, vanachiremba vakapedza kudzidziswa kwavo kwekutanga uye vari kuwana kudzidziswa kwakadzika kwehunyanzvi.
• Varapi vemishonga : Vanhu vane ruzivo rwakadzama nezvemishonga inopiwa varwere.
• Varapi vemuviri : Vanhu vanobatsira kudzoreredza mafambiro emuviri, tsandanyama, nezvimwewo.
• Nyanzvi dzezvekudya : Avo vanovimbisa kuti murwere ari kuwana kudya kwakakodzera kwaanoda.
• Vashandi vezvemagariro evanhu : Avo vanopa rubatsiro rwepfungwa nerumwe rubatsiro kumurwere nemhuri.
• Vatariri venyaya : Avo vanoronga kutarisirwa kwevarwere.

Tarisa kuti boka revanhu vakawanda sei riri kushandira murwere mumwe chete! Chinangwa chemunhu wese ndechekubatsira murwere kuti apore nekukurumidza.

Midziyo ipi inowanzo kuwanikwa muICU?

Kana ukaenda kuICU, uchaona michina yakasiyana-siyana nemamonitor. Izvi zvinoshandiswa kugara uchitarisa mamiriro emurwere uye kupa kurapwa kwakakodzera. Ngatitarisei mimwe yemidziyo mikuru inoshandiswa:

• Michina yeanesthesia : Iyi inoshandiswa kupa mishonga inoderedza marwadzo panguva yekuvhiyiwa kana kuvhiyiwa kunorwadza.
• Mishonga yepakati neyekunze : Idzi dzinoshandiswa kupa mishonga, yakaita semunyu, mumuviri. Dzinoshandiswawo kupa mishonga yekurwadziwa nekuzvidya mwoyo.
• Ma defibrillator : Kana moyo ukangoerekana wamira kurova (Cardiac arrest), muchina uyu unoshandiswa kuunza shock yemagetsi kuti utangezve kushanda.
• Midziyo yemifananidzo : Zvinhu zvakaita seX-rays ne ultrasound zvinodiwa kuti zvionekwe mukati memuviri.
• Michina inotsigira hupenyu : Iyi inoshandiswa kutsigira nhengo dzisiri kushanda zvakanaka, kana kuita mabasa enhengo idzodzo kwenguva pfupi.
• Kufefetera kwemuchina : Muchina uyu unobatsira varwere vasingagoni kufema vega.
• ECMO (Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) : Muchina wakasarudzika unotsigira moyo nemapapu.
• Kurapa kweitsvo nguva dzose : Iyi inzira yekuita basa kana itsvo dzisiri kushanda zvakanaka, zvakafanana ne dialysis.
• Machubhu emudumbu (peripheral IVs) : Aya machubhu epurasitiki matete anoshandiswa kuisa saline, kudya kunovaka muviri (dzimwe nguva kunopihwa nechubhu kuburikidza nemhino), mishonga, uye kuwedzerwa ropa.
• Makatheta eweti : Aya anoshandiswa kubvisa weti kubva mudundira.
• Zviratidzo zvinokosha : Izvi zvinogara zvichiyera uye zvichiratidza zvinhu zvakaita setembiricha yemuviri, BP, kurova kwemoyo, uye kufema .

Usatya kana ukaona michina iyi. Zvese izvi ndezvekupa murwere rubatsiro rwakanakisisa.

Ndeipi mishonga inonyanya kushandiswa muICU?

MuICU, mishonga yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa zvichienderana nemamiriro emurwere. Heano mimwe mienzaniso:

• Mishonga yekurapa matambudziko emwoyo ('Antiarrhythmics') .
• Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya : Kurapa hutachiona.
• Mishonga yekurwisa pfungwa: Kune zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa.
• Mishonga yekudzivirira pfari yezvirwere zvakaita sepfari kana pfari .
• Beta-blockers : Kune mamwe mamiriro eropa.
• Mishonga inoderedza BP .
• Zvinodzivirira calcium channel : Kune zvirwere zvakaita sekushaya simba kwemoyo, BP, uye kukurumidza kwemoyo (tachycardia).
• Diuretics : Mishonga inokonzera weti yakawanda kune zvirwere zvakaita sekushaya simba kwemoyo uye kuzvimba.
• Zvinouraya marwadzo : Dzora marwadzo ari pakati nepakati kusvika akanyanya.
• Zvinokurudzira tsinga dzeuropi : Zvinobatsira nekukuvara kweuropi uye sitiroko.
• Mishonga yekunyaradza : Deredza marwadzo, kusagadzikana, uye chengetedza murwere akadzikama.
• Vasopressors : Kana uine BP yakaderera (hypotension).

Mishonga yese iyi inopihwa pasi pekutarisirwa kwakasimba kwevanachiremba, uye yakagadzirirwa mamiriro emurwere.

Chii chaunofanira kutarisira kana ukapinzwa muICU?

Imba yekuchengetera varwere vane chirwere chakanyanya kubatikana . Nekuti, unofanira kuteerera murwere wese aripo nguva dzese. Vashandi vekurapa vanoedza nepavanogona napo kuti murwere agare akasununguka. Zvisinei, kune vamwe vanhu, kubatikana ikoko, ruzha rwemichina, uye kumwe kunhuhwirira kunogona kuoma kutsungirira, uye vanogona kunzwa kushushikana zvishoma.

Kusiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekurara, kune mibhedha mishoma muICU. Mukoti anowanzo tarisira murwere mumwe chete kana vaviri chete. Zvakare, kune zvirambidzo pane vanogona kushanyira varwere . Huwandu hwevanhu vanogona kushanyira varwere hwakaganhurirwa, vangasatenderwa kushandisa nharembozha, uye vangakumbirwa kuti vasauye nechikafu, zvinwiwa, maruva, nezvimwewo. Zvakare, kana muenzi aine dzihwa kana chimwe chirwere, zvakanaka kugara kumba. Zvese izvi zvinoitirwa kuchengetedza varwere.

Kana munhu aine chirwere chinotapukira, anogona kuiswa munzvimbo yakaparadzana muICU kudzivirira chirwere ichi kuti chisapararire kune vamwe. Panyaya iyi, vashandi vekurapa vanofanirawo kushandisa mimwe michina yekudzivirira (PPE). Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Magirazi ekuchengetedza
• Nhoo dzechiso
• Magurovhosi
• Majasi Akakosha
• Zvifukidziro zvemusoro
• Masiki echiso (`Masiki`)
• Zvinofema
• Zvivharo zveshangu

Kana murwere asina chaanoziva kana kuti asina simba rekutaura zvaanoda, mhuri ndiyo inofanira kusarudza nezvekutarisira murwere. Kana paine dambudziko, vanachiremba vanogonawo kusarudza murwere.

Ndingabva rini muICU?

Izvi zvinoenderana nekuti murwere wacho akaoma sei . Vanhu vazhinji vanogara muICU vanopora vobva muchipatara. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kutarisirwa muICU akaomarara uye dzimwe nguva anogona kuchinja nenzira dzisingatarisirwi. Ungangoda kugara muICU kwemaawa mashoma chete, kana kuti ungangoda kugara kwemavhiki kana mwedzi. Chiremba wako achakupa pfungwa yakajeka yeizvi.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeICU here? ICU yega yega ine hunyanzvi hwayo here?

Ehe, zvimwe zvipatara zvine mhando dzakasiyana dzemakamuri ekurara anotarisirwa varwere. Kureva, mayuniti evarwere vanonyanya kutarisirwa anonyanya kubatsira mapoka evarwere kana mamwe mamiriro ehutano. Mimwe mienzaniso ndeiyi:

• Chikamu chevarwere vane chirwere chemwoyo (CICU) : Chinorapa vanhu vane chirwere chemwoyo.
• Chikamu chevarwere vane chirwere chemwoyo (CTICU): Kune vanhu vane zvirwere zvemwoyo nemapapu .
• Chikamu chekuchengetedza vana vacheche (NICU): Kune vacheche vachangoberekwa , kunyanya vacheche vanozvarwa nguva isati yakwana uye vanorwara.
• Chikamu chevarwere vane chirwere chakanyanya (MICU) : Kune matambudziko akaomarara ehutano, hutachiona hwakakomba, uye kufema kwakaoma.
• Chipatara chevana vanorwara zvakanyanya (PICU) : Kurapa vana.
• Unit Yekuvhiya Nekukuvadzwa Kwakanyanya (STICU) : Kune varwere mushure mekuvhiyiwa netsaona dzakakomba.

Kuva neICU yakasarudzika yakaita seiyi kuchaita kuti tikwanise kupa zvirinani mabasa akakosha anodiwa nemurwere wega wega.

ICU zvinoreva here kuti munhu agare ari pa "life support" nguva dzese?

Izvi hazviwanzoitika nguva dzose. Zvisinei, vanhu vazhinji vari muICU vanoda kurapwa kuti nhengo dzavo dzirambe dzichishanda. Semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvakaita semechanical ventilation, dialysis, uye defibrillators. Izvi zvinoshandiswa kubatsira muviri kuita zvinhu zvausingachakwanisi kuita wega.

Ko ICU ingori nzira yekurapa vanhu vanofa mushure mekufa here?

Dzimwe nguva izvozvo zvinogona kuitika, asi kwete nguva dzose. ICU yakagadzirirwa kupa rubatsiro rwekurapa rwakakosha kuvanhu vanorwara zvakanyanya kana vakakuvara. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva, pane zviitiko apo murwere haakwanise kupora kubva kuchirwere kunyangwe achirapwa ICU .Panguva iyoyo, kana iwe, timu yako yezvekurapa, uye/kana vadikanwi vako mukasarudza kuti rubatsiro rweICU haruchadiwi, unogona kutamisirwa kuchipatara nguva dzose. Kana, kana zvichibvira, unogona kutumirwa kumba, kana kuti unogona kutumirwa kunzvimbo yekurapa varwere vanorwara zvikuru inopa zororo nenyaradzo pakupera kwehupenyu hwako.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti vashandi vari muICU vanzwisise manzwiro ako neemhuri yako. Vanogara vachiedza kukupa mhedzisiro yakanakisisa uye kukunyaradza munguva ino yakaoma.

Chekupedzisira, zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvekurangarira

Zvakanaka, saka tataura zvakawanda nezve ICU ikozvino. Heano mamwe mashoko akakosha ekurangarira:

• Unit yekurwara zvakanyanya (ICU) inzvimbo yakasarudzika inorapwa zvirwere zvakakomba.
• Kupinda muICU zvinoreva kuti zvakajairika kuti murwere nemhuri vanzwe kutya, kuzvidya mwoyo, uye kushushikana. Izvozvo ndezvechisikigo.
• Vashandi vese, kusanganisira vanachiremba nevanamukoti, vari muICU varipo kuti vabatsire murwere, vape rubatsiro rwakanakisisa, uye vanyaradze munguva ino yakaoma.

Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva achida kurapwa muICU, usatya. Teerera zvakanaka zvinotaurwa navanachiremba, uye bvunza chero mibvunzo yaunayo. Vachakubatsira.

` Intensive Care Unit, ICU, Chipatara, Emergency Care, Life Support, Vanachiremba vane hunyanzvi, Midziyo yekurapa