Totaura nezvezvikonzero zvekufa kwevacheche here?

Nhasi tichataura nezvenyaya inonetsa asi yakakosha zvikuru. Kureva kuti, kurasikirwa nevana vadiki, ndiko kuti, mukati megore rekutanga rekuzvarwa, zvichitisiya. Izvi ndizvo zvinonzi navanachiremba nevaongorori `(Kufa Kwevana Vacheche)`. Paunonzwa izwi iri, ungafunga nezvenhamba, asi muchokwadi, shure kweizvi kune kusuruvara kusingatsungiririki, kuora mwoyo mumhuri.

Chii chinonzi kufa kwevacheche? Tinochinzwisisa here?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, 'Kufa Kwevacheche' zvinoreva kufa kwemwana mukati memwedzi gumi nemiviri yekuzvarwa, kureva kuti, asati asvitsa gore rimwe chete. Kune rimwe shoko rinonzi `(kufa kwevacheche)`. Rinoreva kufa kwemwana mukati memazuva makumi maviri nemasere ekutanga ekuzvarwa. Kunyangwe mazwi aya achishandiswa pakuverenga nekutsvaga, muhupenyu chaihwo ichi chiitiko chinorwadza zvikuru. Zvinoita sekunge chidimbu chako chakarasika, uye haugone kufungidzira kuti ungafambira mberi sei.

Asi sei tichitaura nezveizvi? Nekuti, zvinhu zvakaita seizvi hazvifanirwe kuitika. Mwana wese ane kodzero yekutanga hupenyu hwakanaka uye kupemberera kwete zuva rake rekutanga nerechipiri chete, asiwo zvimwe zvakawanda. Asi, zvinhu zvingani zviripo zvinokanganisa hutano hwevacheche nemhuri dzavo?

Zvinhu zvinokanganisa hutano hwevanhu, izvo zvinokanganisa hutano hwedu, zvinowanzoenderana neizvi. Fungidzira, kana usingawani zvinhu zvekutanga zvakaita sekudya kunovaka muviri uye kutarisirwa kwemwana panguva yekuzvitakura, zvinova zvakaoma kutarisira mwana ane hutano. Vaongorori nevanachiremba vanogara vachiedza kubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvakadaro uye kugadzira nzvimbo iyo munhu wese anogona kuva nepamuviri pakanaka uye kubereka vana vane hutano.

Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvinoita kuti vana vadiki vaparadzane nesu?

Zvichienderana nehuwandu huri kuitika pasi rose, kunyanya munyika dzakadai seAmerica, kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinokonzera kufa kwevacheche:

• Zvirwere zvekuzvarwa nazvo (kana kuti urema hwekuzvarwa nahwo): Aya matambudziko akasiyana-siyana emuviri kana majini anoitika mwana achiri kukura mudumbu. Mamwe madiki, asi mamwe anogona kuisa upenyu panjodzi.
• Kuzvara mwana nguva isati yakwana uye huremu hushoma: Vana vanozvarwa nguva isati yakwana, kureva kuti, mavhiki makumi matatu nemanomwe asati asvika, vanogona kusangana nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana nekuti nhengo dzavo dzemuviri hadzisati dzanyatsokura. Uyewo, vana vanorema pasi pe2500 gramu pakuzvarwa vari panjodzi huru.
• Chirwere Chekufa Kwevana Vacheche Chisingatarisirwi (SIDS): Ichi chirwere chinosuwisa zvikuru. Chinoitika apo mwana ane hutano anofa kamwe kamwe, kazhinji akarara, pasina chikonzero chakajeka.
• Njodzi dzisingatarisirwi: Izvi zvinosanganisira tsaona dzemotokari, kudonha, kunyura mumvura, uye kushaya mweya. Sezvo vacheche vari panjodzi huru, zvakakosha kuvatarisira zvakanaka.
• Matambudziko epamuviri: Matambudziko anoitika kuna amai panguva yekuzvitakura, akadai seBP, chirwere cheshuga, uye hutachiona, anogonawo kukanganisa mwana.

Zvikonzero zvinonyanya kukanganisa vana vacheche

Zvikonzero zvikuru zvinokanganisa vacheche, kureva kuti, vacheche mukati memazuva makumi maviri nemasere ekutanga, zvinosanganisira:

• Bacterial sepsis: Uhu hutachiona hwakakomba.
• Respiratory distress syndrome: Dambudziko iri rinogona kuitika, kunyanya kuvana vacheche vasati vasvika nguva, nekuti mapapu avo haasati akura zvakakwana.
• Chirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho: Matambudziko nemaumbirwo kana mashandiro emwoyo anowanikwa pakuzvarwa .
• Kubuda ropa zvakanyanya: Kubuda ropa rakawanda muuropi kana kune imwe nzvimbo.

Chii chakakonzera kufa kwevacheche munguva yakapfuura? Mamiriro ezvinhu ari sei pari zvino?

Zvichienzaniswa nezvikonzero zviripo pari zvino, kare, kureva kuti, mukupera kwema1800, chikonzero chikuru chekufa kwevacheche chaive zvirwere zvinotapukira . Fungidzira, vanhu vangani vangadai vakafa nekuda kwezvirwere zvakaita semanyoka, chikosoro, gwirikwiti, pneumonia, uye TB panguva iyoyo?

Zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva, mamiriro ezvinhu aya akachinja zvikuru. Matanho ehutano hweveruzhinji akadai semvura yakachena, kucheneswa kwemukaka (nzira yekuuraya utachiona mumukaka), uye kubaiwa majekiseni zvakaita kuti zvikwanisike kudzivirira vacheche kubva kuzvirwere izvi zvinotapukira.

Mukutanga kwema1900, zvirwere zvinotapukira ndizvo zvaikonzera kufa kwevacheche vanopfuura 60%. Asi pakupera kwema1990, nhamba iyoyo yakanga yadzikira kusvika pa2%. Kuvandudzwa kukuru, handiti?

Chii chinonzi IMR (Infant Mortality Rate)? Chii chatingadzidza kubva pairi?

Ungave wakambonzwa izwi rekuti `IMR`. `IMR` inomiririra `Mutengo weKufa kweVacheche`. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, iyi inhamba yevana vanofa vasati vasvitsa gore rimwe chete pavana 1,000 vega vega vanoberekwa vari vapenyu. Haisanganisiri kuberekwa kwevana vakafa kana kupfupfudzika kwepamuviri.

Vaongorori vanoshandisa kukosha uku kwe'IMR' kudzidza kuti kufa kwevacheche kunoitika sei pakati pemapoka akasiyana evanhu (semuenzaniso, mukati menyika, dunhu, rudzi, mari inowanikwa). Izvi zvinovabvumira kunzwisisa zvinhu zvakawanda:

• Sarudza kuti ndevapi vanhu nenzvimbo dzipi dzinoda rubatsiro rwakawanda uye rutsigiro rwekuti pamuviri nekusununguka zvive zvakanaka.
• Izvi hazvingopi ruzivo nezvekufa kwevacheche chete, asiwo nezvehutano hwese hwenzanga kana boka revanhu. Nekuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kufa kwevacheche (sekuwana masevhisi ehutano nezviwanikwa) zvinokanganisa munhu wese ari muboka iroro.
• Tichishandisa ruzivo urwu, tinogona kugadzira mitemo uye kuita shanduko dzinodiwa pakubata pamuviri kwakasimba uye vana vane hutano.

Kunzwisisa zvishoma mamiriro ezvinhu munyika nedunhu redu

Kunyangwe munyika dzakabudirira seUnited States, `IMR` muna 2022 yaive 5.6 pavana chiuru vanozvarwa vari vapenyu. Zvakare, pakati pemamwe mapoka emadzinza munyika iyoyo (semuenzaniso maAfrican Americans), chiyero ichi chakapetwa kaviri pane avhareji yenyika. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti pane musiyano wakakura sei kunyangwe munyika.

Kukosha kwe `IMR` uku kunosiyana zvikuru pakati penyika dzakasiyana pasi rose. Semuenzaniso:

• Dzimwe dzenyika dzine `IMR` yakakwira ndeidzi: Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, Nigeria, Somalia. Dzimwe dzenyika idzi dzine vanhu vanopfuura makumi manomwe vanofa vacheche pavana chiuru vanozvarwa.
• Dzimwe dzenyika dzine `IMR` yakaderera ndeidzi: Japan, Singapore, Norway, Slovenia. Nyika idzi dzine huwandu hwakaderera hwekufa kwevacheche vaviri pavana 1000 vanozvarwa.

Izvi zvinoratidza pachena kuti mikana yekuti mwana apemberere zuva rake rekutanga inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekwaakaberekerwa uye zviwanikwa zvaanazvo (kunyanya mabasa ehutano). MuSri Lanka, tiri pamberi penyika dzakawanda dziri kusimukira panyaya iyi. Kutarisirwa kwedu kwehutano mahara, kunyanya kiriniki yemadzimai nevana, isimba guru mune izvi. Asi tine zvakawanda zvekuita kuti tivandudze mamiriro ezvinhu aya zvakanyanya.

Chii chatingaita kudzivirira kufa kwevacheche uku?

Zvinosuwisa kuti, hazvisi zvese zvinofa vacheche zvinogona kudzivirirwa. Kune zvimwe zvikonzero zvisingagone kudzorwa, kunyangwe nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye vanachiremba vakanakisisa. Asi tinoziva kuti rubatsiro rwaunowana panguva yekuzvitakura uye mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana runogona kuita mutsauko mukuru.

Dambudziko repasi rose nderekuti havasi vese vane mukana wekuwana rubatsiro rwehutano rwakafanana uye zviwanikwa zvakafanana. Vaongorori nevanogadzira mitemo vari kuramba vachiedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Chinangwa ndechekuti munhu wese awane zviwanikwa zvaanoda pasina chinomuvhiringidza kuchengetedza hutano hwake nehwevana vake.

Pamunhu wega, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvaunogona kuita kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti une pamuviri pakanaka uye mwana ane hutano:

• Kutarisira hutano hwako usati wabata pamuviri: Kana uine zvirwere zvisingaperi (semuenzaniso chirwere cheshuga, BP), ona chiremba womubatsira kuti adzorerwe usati wabata pamuviri.
• Kupinda makiriniki epamberi pekusununguka sezvakarongwa: Endai kukiriniki yega yega sezvakaudzwa nachiremba/nyamukuta wenyu. Izvi zvichaita kuti iwe nemwana wenyu mugare muchiongororwa hutano hwenyu nehwemwana wenyu.
• Kutevedzera zano rachiremba wako: Tevedzera zano rachiremba wako nokungwarira nezvezvaunofanira kuita (semuenzaniso, chikafu chinovaka muviri, mavitamini akanyorwa nachiremba) uye zvausingafaniri kuita (semuenzaniso, kusvuta, doro) panguva yekuzvitakura.
• Kugadzira nzvimbo yakachengeteka yekurara kwemwana wako: Izvi zvakakosha kudzivirira SIDS. Usarara mwana wako akatarisa pasi, isa mwana wako nemusana wake pamubhedha wakasimba. Usaise matoyi kana magumbeze panzvimbo yekurara.
• Kushandisa chigaro chemotokari kuchengetedza mwana wako paunenge uchifamba nemotokari: Shandisa chigaro chemotokari chakaiswa zvakanaka chinokodzera mwana wako parwendo rwese.

Vanachiremba vanoongorora mwana nekukurumidza mushure mekunge azvarwa muchipatara. Izvi zvinovabatsira kuti vaone matambudziko ehutano nekukurumidza votanga kurapwa kwakakodzera.

Chekupedzisira, chinhu chakakosha kurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Tinoziva kuti iyi haisi nyaya iri nyore kutaura nezvayo kana kufunga nezvayo. Paunenge uchiverenga izvi, unganzwa kutya, kunetseka, kana kuremerwa, kunyanya kana wakambosangana nechimwe chinhu chakafanana. Pamwe uri kutsvaga zvikonzero zveizvi. Kana, kana uri mumwe munhu akadzidza zvakawanda nezveizvi, unganzwa sekuti unofanira kuita chimwe chinhu nezvazvo.

Chero nyaya yako yega, zvakakosha kuziva izvi: Nyanzvi dzezvehutano, vaongorori, nehurumende pasi rose vari kushanda nesimba zuva nezuva kuderedza kufa kwevacheche uku uye kupa mwana wese mavambo akanaka muhupenyu.

Nekuti hapana mhuri inofanira kusangana nemarwadzo asingatsungiririki ekurasikirwa nemwana. Patinodzidza zvakawanda nezveizvi, ndipo patinowana zvinhu zvitsva nekufambira mberi kwesainzi, ndipo patinogona kubatsira mhuri dzedu nekugadzira nzvimbo iyo mwana wese anogona kugamuchirwa munyika ino nerudo.

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