Chii chinonzi Public Health? Ngatitaurei nezvazvo zviri nyore!

Tose tinoda kuva neutano hwakanaka uye kufara. Saka, nhasi tichataura nezvenzvimbo yakakosha inobatsira kuvandudza hutano hwako, hwemhuri yako, hweshamwari dzako, uye hwenzanga yese. Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti Public Health . Ungave wakambonzwa izwi iri kare. Ngationei kuti chii nemashoko akareruka uye kuti rinobata sei hupenyu hwedu.

Chii chinonzi Hutano Hweveruzhinji? Zviri nyore kwazvo!

Zvino, kana uine dzihwa, unoenda kuna chiremba. Chiremba anokuongorora uye anokupa mushonga wakanangana newe. Ndizvo zvinoreva hutano hwese, zvinoreva kurapa munhu mumwe nemumwe. Zvisinei, hutano hweveruzhinji hwakasiyana zvishoma, pfungwa yakakura. Pano, nyanzvi hadzitarise munhu mumwe nemumwe, asi boka rose revanhu, kana nzanga yese. Dzinotarisa matambudziko ehutano munzvimbo yakati, kana boka revanhu, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa matambudziko acho.

Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi. Mumusha, data rinoratidza kuti manyoka ari kuwanda pakati pevana vadiki. Ipapo nyanzvi dzehutano hwevanhu dzinouya dzotsvaga chikonzero. Pamwe kushaikwa kwemvura yakachena, kana kuti pamwe kushaikwa kwezvimbuzi. Zvadaro vanoungana nevanhu vemumusha, votaura nevatungamiriri vemunharaunda, votsvaga mhinduro dzedambudziko iri. Pamwe vanotanga chirongwa chekuchenesa matsime, kana kudzidzisa vanhu nezvekukosha kwekugeza maoko avo. Maona? Izvi hazvibatsiri mhuri imwe chete, asi musha wese, vanhu vazhinji panguva imwe chete. Zvakafanana nedziviriro yaunopihwa nachiremba wevana, pamusoro pezano raunowana kubva kuna chiremba wevana. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, hutano hwevanhu ndekufunga nezvehutano hwenharaunda yese, kwete nezvemunhu mumwe chete.

Ndiani anobatsira pamabasa aya ehutano hwevanhu?

Izvi zvakafanana nechikwata chikuru chichishanda pamwe chete. Mumwe nemumwe ane basa rake rakakosha. Ngationei kuti vanhu ava ndivanaani?

• Nyanzvi dzezvirwere: Vanhu ava vanogonawo kunzi "vaongorori vezvirwere." Ndivo vanotsvaga maitiro ekupararira kwezvirwere pakati peboka revanhu, uye chinokonzera. Semuenzaniso, kana paine denda redengue, ndivo vanotsvaga zvinhu zvakaita sekupararira kwaro, uye kuti ndiani ari panjodzi huru.
• Nyanzvi dzeDzidzo yeHutano: Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, vanhu ava vanodzidzisa vanhu nezvemiviri yavo, maitiro ekugara vaine hutano, uye maitiro ekuwana masevhisi ehutano. Kuzivisa vanhu kwakakosha. Vanoita maworkshop, vanoparadzira mapepa, uye vanopa ruzivo kuburikidza nenhau dzakasiyana-siyana.
• Vanachiremba Vezvehutano Hwevanhu: Vanachiremba ava vakadzidziswa zvakanyanya muhutano hweveruzhinji. Vanoshanda munzvimbo dzehutano dzemunharaunda uye dzimwe nguva vanotora mabasa ekutungamira mukuumba marongero ehutano ehurumende.
• Vashandi vehutano munharaunda: Ava ndivo vanhuVakaita sebhiriji pakati pevanhu vemumusha neguta pamwe nemasangano ehutano. Vanoshanda pamwe chete nenharaunda, vanoona zvavanoda, uye vanovabatsira. Munyika medu, Vananyamukuta veHutano hweMhuri muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi. Vanoenda kumisha uye vanopa mazano anodiwa nemabasa kumadzimai nevana.
• Nyanzvi dzezvehuwandu hwevanhu: Zvinonzwika sezita risinganzwisisike, handiti? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ndivo vanounganidza, vanoongorora, uye vanodudzira ruzivo rwakabatana nehutano. Ruzivo urwu runobatsira vanogadzira mitemo nevamwe kuita sarudzo dzakakosha. Semuenzaniso, ongororo yavo inogona kubatsira kuona kuti ndeapi mapoka ezera nenzvimbo dzine mukana wekuva nechirwere chakati.
• Nyanzvi dzeHutano neKuchengetedzeka Pabasa: Ungave uchishanda muhofisi kana mufekitori, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti wakachengeteka. Ava ndivo vanhu vanoongorora kuti nzvimbo dzebasa dziri kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza. Kuongorora kwavo kunobatsira kuchengetedza vashandi kubva mutsaona.
• Vaongorori vemaresitorendi: Patinotenga chikafu muchitoro, hatigoni kuona kana chakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye zvine hutsanana. Ndipo vanhu ava pavanotanga kukosha. Vanoongorora maresitorendi nemahotera uye vanoona kuti vanotevedzera mitemo yehutano inodiwa. Ndosaka tichigona kunakidzwa nechikafu tisingatyi. Munyika medu, Vaongorori veHutano hweVanhu (PHIs) vanoitawo basa iri.

Saka, tinorevei kana tichiti nyaya dzehutano hwevanhu?

Nyaya dzehutano hweveruzhinji ndidzo zvinhu zvakatikomberedza zvinokanganisa kuti tinorarama kwenguva yakareba sei uye kuti tinorarama sei zvakanaka. Nyaya idzi hadzibate munhu wese nenzira imwe chete. Ndosaka nyanzvi dzichidzidza mapoka evanhu chaiwo (semuenzaniso, vanhu vanobva kunzvimbo yakati, rudzi rwakati, kana boka rezera rakati). Vanoda kuziva kuti ndeapi matambudziko ane boka rega rega uye chii chingaitwe kuti ritigadzirise.

Fungidzira kuti zvaizova zvakanaka sei kudai munhu wese aine hutano hwakanaka nenzvimbo dzakanaka? Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu wese anofanira kuwana zvinhu zvakaenzana uye zvakaenzana zvinodiwa kuti achengetedze hutano hwake. Hatisati tasvika ipapo. Asi bazi rezvehutano reveruzhinji rakazvipira kutisvitsa ikoko zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.

Nyaya idzi dzehutano hwevanhu dzinochinja nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti njodzi itsva dzehutano dzinogona kumuka. Zvakare, nekufambira mberi kwesainzi yezvekurapa, zvimwe zvirwere zvaimbove dambudziko guru hazvichanyanyi kukosha. Zvakare, nyaya idzi dzinosiyana kubva munyika nenyika.

Semuenzaniso, mamwe ematambudziko makuru ehutano hwevanhu atiri kutaura nezvawo muSri Lanka ndeaya:

• Kudzora denda redengue.
• Kuwedzera kwezvirwere zvisingatapuriranwe (NCDs), zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga, BP, uye chirwere chemwoyo.
• Kushaya chikafu muvana uye matambudziko ekudya kunovaka muviri muvanhu vakuru.
• Kuderedza tsaona dzemumugwagwa.
• Zvirwere zveitsvo, kunyanya chirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi (CKDu - Chirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi chisingazivikanwe) mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
• Kunyatsoteerera hutano hwepfungwa.
• Kuderedza kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza pahutano.
• Pachiri kudiwa kudzora zvirwere zvinotapukira zvakaita seTB.
• Mamwe mapoka evanhu ari panjodzi huru yekuva nematambudziko ehutano nekuda kwerusaruraganda (serusaruraganda rwevanhu) .
• Kugadzirira zvirwere kana madenda emunguva yemberi.

Iyi ingori mienzaniso mishoma. Hutano hweveruzhinji inyaya yakakura kwazvo. Inotsvaga mhinduro kumatambudziko agara aripo pamwe nezvinodiwa zvitsva.

Hutano hweveruzhinji hunoshanda sei munyika yakaita seSri Lanka?

Munyika dzakaita seAmerica, kune network yakakura yemasangano akaita seCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Munyika medu, Ministry of Health ndiyo nzvimbo huru, uye mabasa aya ehutano hweveruzhinji anoitwa padanho remapurovhinzi, dunhu nedunhu. Ungave wakambonzwa nezvemahofisi ehutungamiriri hwehutano hwedunhu, mahofisi eMedical Officer of Health (mahofisi eMOH). Zvakare, vakuru vakuru vakaita sePublic Health Inspectors (PHIs) neFamily Health Midwives vanoshanyira dzimba dzemumusha uye vanopa mabasa.

Zvakafanana nemunhu wese ari kuungana kuti auye nemvura kumusha. Kwete masangano ehutano ehurumende chete, anoshanda nevamwe vakawanda. Semuenzaniso:

• Mamwe madhipatimendi ehurumende, akadai seEnvironmental Protection Agency neMinistry of Transport.
• Masangano emunharaunda, nzvimbo dzechitendero dzakadai sematemberi nemachechi .
• Masangano asingabatsiri.
• Zvipatara nedzimwe nzira dzehutano.
• Vazvipiri vemunharaunda.

Rutsigiro rwemunhu wese rwakakosha zvikuru pakugadzira nyika iyo munhu wese anokwanisa kuwana rubatsiro rwehutano rwaanoda.

Saka ndeapi mabasa atinowana kubva kuhurongwa uhwu hwehutano hwevanhu?

Hutano hweveruzhinji hunopa mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Chinangwa chavo ndechekupa munhu wese mukana wekuva nehutano hwakanaka sezvinobvira. Heano mamwe emabasa anoitirwa nenyanzvi dzehutano hweveruzhinji munharaunda dzese munyika:

• Kuunganidza nekuongorora ruzivo rwehutano: Izvi zvinonzi Public Health Surveillance.Nyanzvi dzinotsvaga nzira dzekunzwisisa zvinodiwa nenharaunda. Semuenzaniso, dzinoona kuti ndiani ari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nechirwere chakati. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuona nzvimbo dzinotaurwa nezvezvirwere zvedengue, mapoka ezera, nezvimwewo.
• Kupindura panjodzi dzehutano: Kana pakaitika denda rinotapukira, njodzi yechisikigo, kana imwe njodzi, nyanzvi dzehutano dzeveruzhinji dziri pamberi. Vanokurumidza kuunganidza data uye kupa mazano ezvekuita zvinotevera. Takaona izvi zvakajeka panguva yedenda reCOVID-19.
• Dzidzo yeruzhinji: Hutano nezvirwere inyaya dzakaoma. Asi nyanzvi dzehutano hweruzhinji dzinobatsira kushandura chokwadi ichi chesainzi kuita mutauro watinonzwisisa tese. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mapurogiramu ekuzivisa vanhu nezvekudya kunovaka muviri, kurovedza muviri, uye majekiseni.
• Kugadza nekusimbisa mitemo yekuchengetedza: Vanhu ava vanoongorora nzvimbo dzinoda mitemo yehutano kana yekuchengetedza (senge maresitorendi, zvikoro, nzvimbo dzebasa). Vanoona kuti zvese zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa.
• Kugadzira mitemo inoita kuti pave nekuenzana kwekuwana mabasa ehutano: Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvisiri zvekurapa zvinokanganisa hutano hwedu zuva nezuva. Izvi zvinonzi zvinokonzeresa hutano munharaunda . Semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvakaita semvura yakachena, dzidzo yakanaka, pekugara pakachengeteka, uye mabasa. Nyanzvi dzehutano hweveruzhinji dzinodzidza kuti zvinhu izvi zvinokanganisa sei mamwe mapoka evanhu, uye dzobva dzagadzira mitemo yekuona kuti munhu wese ane mukana wakaringana.

Dhigirii muhutano hwevanhu? Chii ichocho?

Ehe, kune mapurogiramu edhigirii akakosha kune avo vanoda kudzidza chidzidzo ichi chinonzi hutano hwevanhu. Ungave wakambonzwa nezvedhigirii rekuti `(MPH)` (Master of Public Health) . Iri idhigirii repamusoro. Kureva kuti, rinogona kuitwa mushure medhigirii renguva dzose. Rinopa kudzidziswa kwakadzama munzvimbo dzakadai se epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental health sciences, health services administration, uye social and behavioral sciences.

Uyewo, mune mamwe mayunivhesiti , unogona kusarudza Public Health sedhigirii guru woita dhigirii rekutanga, kureva dhigirii rekuti `(BSPH)` (Bachelor of Science in Public Health) . Mushure mekupedza dhigirii iri, unogona kuenderera mberi nekuita `(MPH)`, kana kuti unogona kutarisa pabasa riri muchikamu ichi.

Asi hutano hweveruzhinji hausi basa rehunyanzvi chete. Zvinopfuura izvozvo. Ibasa revanhu vanotsvaga mikana yekubatsira vamwe kurarama hupenyu hune hutano sezvinobvira.

Saka, chii chinonyanya kukosha chatinofanira kudzidza kubva munyaya iyi? Ungabatsirawo here pane izvi?

Hutano hweveruzhinji chinhu chine chekuita nehupenyu hwedu tese, hutano hwevanhu vese. Chirongwa chinoedza kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu vese, pane kurapa zvirwere zvemunhu mumwe nemumwe.

Kana wakaverenga chinyorwa chino ukati, "Wow, kubatsira kuchengetedza vamwe vane hutano uye vakachengeteka chinhu chakanaka," zvinoreva kuti watozvipira kuhutano hweveruzhinji! Kunyangwe usina dhigirii kana kudzidziswa kwakakosha, zvinhu zvaunoita zuva nezuva zvinogona kuita mutsauko mukuru muhupenyu hwevamwe.

Funga nezvezvinhu zvakaita seizvi:

• Kana mumwe munhu waunoziva achinetseka kuenda kuna chiremba, mubatsire kuti aende.
• Unogona kufamba-famba zuva rimwe chete pasvondo nemuvakidzani anofunga kuti anofanira kufamba zvishoma.
• Shanyirai hama kana shamwari iri yoga movapa chikafu chinovaka muviri chakagadzirwa kumba.
• Goverana ruzivo rwakakosha nezveutano nezvinyorwa nemhuri yako neshamwari. Semuenzaniso, unogona kugovera chinyorwa chakadai.
• Zivisai vamiririri veruzhinji vemunharaunda yenyu nezvenyaya yehutano yeruzhinji yamunofunga kuti inokosha.

Hutano hweveruzhinji chinhu chinotibata isu, imi, ini, munhu wese. Saka, tese tine basa rekutsigira mabasa iwayo.

Saka, ndinovimba munonzwisisa zvatataura nezvazvo nhasi. Hutano hweveruzhinji harisi shoko chete, asi hupenyu hwedu hwese. Kana tikabatana tobatsira munzira diki, tinogona kugadzira nzanga ine hutano uye inofara. Munonzwisisa here?

Hutano Hweveruzhinji, Hutano Hwenharaunda, Sisitimu Yehutano, Kudzivirira Zvirwere, Kukurudzira Hutano, Dzidzo Yehutano