Sudesh (ane makore 23) akauya kukiriniki yangu zuva iroro achitya zvikuru. Akanga achangobva kuverenga pa internet kuti hutachiona hweHIV (human immunodeficiency virus) hwaiwedzera nekukurumidza pakati pevechidiki muSri Lanka.
"Dr. Priya, ndinonzwa kutya zvikuru pandinoona data iri. Mamiriro ezvinhu muSri Lanka akaipa zvechokwadi here? Chii chiri kukonzera kupararira uku, kunyanya pakati pevarume vechidiki? Hatigoni kutiza here izvi?" Sudesh akabvunza achifarira zvikuru.
Ndakatsanangurira Sudesh zvinyoro nyoro kuti: "Sudesh, zvakakosha kuti ubvunze mubvunzo uyu. Nekuti nhasi kuwedzera kwehutachiona hweHIV pakati pevechidiki muSri Lanka kwave dambudziko guru rehutano hwevanhu. Asi chinonyanya kukosha kusatya izvi, asi kuziva ruzivo rwesainzi rwakarurama uye nzira dzekudzivirira. Ngatitaurei nezvazvo pachena nhasi."
Ruzivo rwunotaura kuti: Sei HIV iri kuwedzera pakati pevarume vechidiki?
Kana tikatarisa data kubva kuSri Lanka's National Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS Control Program, zvinoita sekunge nhamba yakakura yevanhu vachangobva kubatwa neHIV ivarume vechidiki.
Zvichienderana nedata rakaburitswa muna 2022, vechidiki vane makore ari pakati pe15-24 vane 12% yezvirwere zvese zveHIV. Pavanhu ava, 92% varume vechidiki, uye 80% yavo vakataura kuti vakamboita zvepabonde nevarume vasina dziviriro.
Huwandu hwakanyanya hwevanhu vane HIV hwakataurwa kubva kumatunhu eColombo, Gampaha, Kalutara neKurunegala mumatunhu eWestern neNorth-Western, pamwe nedunhu reGalle mudunhu reSouthern. Vanhu vazhinji vanongoona kuti vane hutachiona mushure menguva yakareba. Panguva iyoyo, CD4 count yavo (huwandu hwemasero ekudzivirira muviri) inenge yakaderera zvikuru. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti havana kuedza chirwere ichi nekukurumidza.
Sei hukama hwevarume vanoita zveungochani huchikonzera njodzi huru yekupararira kweHIV?
Zvikonzero zvikuru zvakawanda zvinokonzera njodzi yekutapurirana HIV pakati pevarume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) zvakanyanya :
1. Njodzi Yekuzvarwa Nayo: Panguva yebonde rekumashure, nyama yakatsetseka iri mu anus inogona kukuvara kana kukwenywa zviri nyore, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti hutachiona huri mumvura dzepabonde hupinde mumuviri zvakananga kuburikidza neropa.
2. Kusashandisa makondomu zvakanyanya: Sezvakaratidzwa neongororo dzakasiyana-siyana, vanhu vashoma chete (vanenge 18%) vari muukama hwepabonde hwepabonde rimwe chete vakashandisa makondomu nemazvo panguva yepabonde ravo rekupedzisira.
3. Kusarurana Kwevanhu: Nekuda kwekutya kusarurana kwevanhu uye zvirambidzo zvemutemo, vanhu vazhinji vanovanza hunhu hwavo hwepabonde. Izvi zvinoita kuti vasade kuenda kumakiriniki ehutano kunoongororwa HIV.
🚨 Zviratidzo zveRed Flags zvinoda kurapwa nekukurumidza
Zviratidzo zvinotevera zvinogona kuoneka pakati pemavhiki maviri nematanhatu mushure mekunge hutachiona hweHIV hwapinda mumuviri (panguva yekurwara kwe seroconversion), uye kana izvi zvikaonekwa mushure mekusangana kwakadaro, unofanira kuenda kukiriniki nekukasika:
- Kugara uchidziya muviri zvakanyanya uye kudikitira zvakanyanya husiku.
- Kudzikira kwehuremu hwemuviri nekukurumidza munguva pfupi pasina chikonzero (Kudzikira Kwehuremu Kusingatsananguriki).
- Ma lymph nodes akazvimba mumutsipa, muhapwa, kana muzvidya kwemavhiki akati wandei.
- Manyoka kwenguva refu uye maronda emuromo asingapore kana hutachiona hwefungus.
Nzira yekudzivirira kupararira kweHIV? (Kudzivirira)
Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti njodzi yekutapukirwa neHIV inogona kubviswa zvachose nekutevera tsika dzakanaka dzehutano:
- Kushandisa makondomu nemazvo: Kushandisa makondomu ekuronga mhuri nemazvo pese paunoita bonde kunogona kudzivirira kutapurirana kweHIV neanopfuura 90%.
- Kushandisa PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis): Izvi zvinonzi pre-exposure prophylaxis . Mushonga uyu, unotorwa zuva nezuva nevanhu vari panjodzi huru yekutapukirwa neHIV, unodzivirira njodzi yekutapukirwa nehutachiona neinenge 99%.
- Ongororwa nguva dzose: Munhu wese anoita zvepabonde anofanira kuongororwa HIV kanenge kamwe chete pagore. Parizvino, 86% yeavo vane hutachiona muSri Lanka vanoziva kuti vane hutachiona, uye UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS) ine chinangwa chekuwedzera izvi kusvika pa95%.
- Kushandisa PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis): Kana bonde rikaitwa risingadzivirirwe, kurapwa uku kwekukurumidzira, kunotorwa mukati memaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri, kunogona kudzivirira hutachiona kuti husapararire mumuviri.
Kurapwa: Kurarama Une Hutano neHIV
Kunyange zvazvo HIV yaionekwa sechirwere chinouraya kare, kurapwa kwemazuva ano kwave kuchibvumira varwere kurarama kwenguva yakareba semunhu ane hutano hwakanaka.
Mushonga mukuru iART (Antiretroviral Therapy) . Mishonga iyi inodzora zvizere kuwanda kwehutachiona mumuviri.
Vanhu vanosvika 80% vane HIV muSri Lanka vari kugamuchira mushonga weART, uye 87% yavo vane huwandu hwehutachiona husingaonekwe. Kana huwandu hwehutachiona hukadzorwa kusvika padanho risingaonekwe kana kuongororwa ropa (Undetectable = Untransmittable), njodzi yekuparadzira hutachiona kune mumwe munhu inoderera kusvika pazero (0%).
Zvinofanira kuitwa uye Zvisingafaniri kuitwa
| ✔️ Zvinhu zvekuita (Zviito) | ❌ Zvisingafaniri kuitwa |
|---|---|
| Kana uchiita zvepabonde, enda kukiriniki yehurumende yezvepabonde kana kiriniki yakavimbika uye unoongororwa HIV pachivande. | Kunyangwe zviratidzo zvikaonekwa, usavanza chirwere chako nekusaenda kumakiriniki ekurapa uchitya mafungiro evanhu. |
| Kana uri muboka rine njodzi huru, shandisa PrEP zuva nezuva sezvakarairwa nachiremba wako. | Dzivisa kushandisa majekiseni pamwe chete (izvi zvakajairika pakati pevanoshandisa zvinodhaka). |
| Kana uine HIV, tora mishonga yeART yawakanyorerwa nachiremba wako zuva nezuva panguva yakatarwa usingadarike. | Usaone vanhu vanorarama neHIV neruvengo kana rusarura. |
❓ Mimwe mibvunzo yaungave nayo (FAQ)
Ndingawana kupi bvunzo dzeHIV dzemahara muSri Lanka? ▼
Kuongororwa HIV kunogona kuitwa pakiriniki yehurumende yeSTD chero ipi zvayo pachiwi, mahara, uye zvakavanzika zvizere.
Kushandisa PrEP kunogona kudzivirira zvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde (STIs) here ?
Kwete, PrEP inongodzivirira kutapukirwa neHIV chete. Makondomu anofanira kushandiswa kudzivirira zvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde, zvakaita sesyphilis, gonorrhea, kana herpes.
Zvinokwanisika here kudzivirira kutapurirana kweHIV kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana wavo? ▼
Ehe, nekupa amai mushonga weART wakakodzera panguva yekuzvitakura uye mishonga yakakosha inopiwa mwana mushure mekusununguka, njodzi yekutapurirana kwehutachiona kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana inogona kuderedzwa kusvika pasi pe1%.
Mishonga yeART inogona kurapa HIV zvachose mumuviri here? ▼
Kwete, pari zvino hapana mushonga weHIV pasi rose. Zvisinei, mishonga yeART inogona kuchengetedza hutachiona mumuviri uye kuita kuti vanhu vararame hupenyu hwakanaka uye hwakanaka.
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