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Dzidza nezveSalpingectomy yako

Dzidza nezveSalpingectomy yako

Pamwe chiremba wako akakuudza nezvekuvhiyiwa kwe'Salpingectomy'. Kana kuti pamwe wakambonzwa nezvazvo kune imwe nzvimbo. Zita racho ringanzwika serinotyisa, asi chaizvoizvo kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa nevakadzi vazhinji nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Saka usatya. Nhasi, tichataura nezve kuvhiyiwa kweSalpingectomy uku, kuti kwakaitwa sei, kuti kunoitwa sei, uye zvinoitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa, zviri nyore uye zvakajeka.

Chii chinonzi Salpingectomy?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, salpingectomy kubviswa kwechubhu imwe chete kana dzese dziri mbiri dzefallopian. Iye zvino ungave uchishamisika kuti machubhu aya ndeapi. Funga nezvawo sechubhu mbiri diki dziri pakati pemazai ako nechibereko. Zai rinobuda muchibereko rinoenda kuchibereko kuburikidza nemachubhu aya kuti risangane nembeu. Saka machubhu maviri aya akakosha zvikuru pakubata pamuviri wemwana. Kazhinji, mukadzi wese ane machubhu maviri efallopian.

Kune mhando mbiri huru dzekuvhiyiwa kwesalpingectomy:

Pane nzira mbiri huru dzekuita kuvhiyiwa uku. Chiremba ndiye achasarudza kuti ndeipi yakakunakira zvichienderana nemamiriro ako ezvinhu.

Rudzi rwekuvhiyiwa Tsananguro iri nyore
Kubviswa kwechubhu imwe chete ye fallopian (Unilateral Salpingectomy) Izvi zvinosanganisira kubvisa imwe chete yemachubhu ako efallopian. Dzimwe nguva, chikamu chechubhu chete ndicho chinogona kubviswa. Mushure meizvi, uchiri nemukana wekubereka vana nenzira yechisikigo , nekuti imwe chubhu ichiri kushanda zvakanaka. Rudzi urwu runowanzoitwa kana paine pamuviri usina kuvharwa.
Kubviswa kwemachubhu ese e fallopian (Bilateral Salpingectomy) Mukuita izvi, machubhu ako ese efallopian anobviswa zvachose. Mushure mekuvhiyiwa uku, hauzokwanisi kubata pamuviri nenzira yechisikigo. Kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa kune zvinhu zvakaita sekenza mumachubhu efallopian, kana kuti kurega kubereka vana zvachose (senzira yekuronga mhuri zvachose).

Sei mukadzi angade kuvhiyiwa uku?

Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinoita kuti kuvhiyiwa kwesalpingectomy kuitwe. Dzimwe nguva kunoitirwa kurapa, uye dzimwe nguva kudzivirira chirwere.

  • Kubata pamuviri panguva yekuzvitakura: Ichi ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoitika. Chinoitika apa ndechekuti zai harina kumera muchibereko asi rinotanga kukura mukati mechubhu yefallopian. Ichi chirwere chine njodzi zvikuru. Kana chubhu ikatsemuka, inogona kukonzera kubuda ropa zvakanyanya uye kunyange kufa. Saka, chubhu inofanira kubviswa.
  • Zvirwere zvegomarara: Kana paine gomarara muchibereko, maovari, kana machubhu efallopian, machubhu aya anobviswa senzira yekurapa.
  • Utachiona huri mumachubhu efallopian: Humwe utachiona hwakakomba hunogona kukuvadza machubhu efallopian uye kukonzera kuti urwa huungane. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, machubhu acho angada kubviswa.
  • Endometriosis: Muchirwere ichi, nyama dzakafanana nedzinowanikwa mukati mechibereko dzinogona kukura mukati memachubhu efallopian. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya uye kuvharika kwemachubhu.
  • Machubhu efallopian akavharika kana kukuvara: Kana machubhu efallopian akavharika kana kukuvara nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero, vanachiremba vanogona kusarudza kuabvisa.
  • Senzira yekuronga mhuri zvachose: Kana usingade kuva nevana zvakare, unogona kubviswa machubhu ese ari maviri senzira yekuronga mhuri zvachose.

Pamusoro pezvo, vamwe vakadzi vane mukana wekuva nekenza yemazamu kana kenza yemazamu (semuenzaniso, BRCA gene mutations ). Ongororo ichangoburwa yakawana kuti kenza yemazamu yakawanda inotangira mumachubhu efallopian. Saka, kune vakadzi vari panjodzi, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira nzira iyi senzira yekuderedza njodzi yako .

Kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa sei?

Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekuita kuvhiyiwa uku: laparoscopic nedumbu rakavhurika.

Nzira yekuvhiya Maitikiro azvo
Kuvhiyiwa kweSalpingectomy neLaparoscopic Uku ndiko kuvhiyiwa kunonyanya kushandiswa, "keyhole surgery".Zvinonziwo. Pano, kucheka kudiki-diki kunoitwa mudumbu, uye mudziyo mutete une kamera (laparoscope) unopinzwa nepaburi rimwe. Dumbu rinofuridzirwa nemhepo kuti rione zviri nani mukati. Zvishandiso zvekuvhiya zvinopinzwa kuburikidza nemamwe macheko uye machubhu efallopian anobviswa. Nzira iyi inosiya mavanga mashoma, hainyanyi kurwadza, uye inopora nekukurumidza.
Kuvhiyiwa kweSalping mudumbu Kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa kuburikidza nekucheka kukuru kamwe chete (laparotomy) mudumbu rezasi. Nzira iyi inogona kudiwa muzviitiko zvakaoma nekuti chiremba anogona kuona nhengo dzemuviri zviri nani. Zvisinei, nzira iyi inoda nguva yakareba yekupora.

Kazhinji, vanachiremba vanoedza kuita oparesheni iyi ne laparoscopically. Zvisinei, kana paine dambudziko, senge kuputika kwe fallopian tube nekuda kwe ectopic pregnancy, kuvhiyiwa kwakavhurika kunogona kudiwa. Unogona kukurukura izvi nachiremba wako usati wavhiyiwa.

Chii chinoitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa?

Yeukai kuti kuvhiyiwa uku hakuzomisi kuenda kwako kumwedzi. Hakuzokonzere shanduko huru kumahormone ako, nekuti mahormone anogadzirwa uye kuenda kumwedzi kunodzorwa nemaovari nechibereko, kwete nemachubhu efallopian.

Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, muchaendeswa kuchipatara kuti muongororwe. Kana makavhiyiwa laparoscopic, mungakwanisa kuenda kumba zuva rimwe chete. Kana makavhiyiwa pachena, muchafanira kugara muchipatara kwezuva rimwe kana maviri.

Kupora:

  • Nekuvhiyiwa kwe laparoscopic, unogona kudzokera pakuva munhu akajairika mukati memazuva mashoma. Zvinotora vhiki imwe kusvika mbiri kuti unyatsopora.
  • Kuvhiyiwa pachena kunogona kutora mavhiki mana kusvika matanhatu kuti kuporeswe.

Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, unofanira kudzivisa kusimudza zvinhu zvinorema uye kurovedza muviri kunorema kwenguva yakati. Chiremba wako achakupa mazano panyaya iyi.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Chii chinoitika kumazai kana machubhu efallopian abviswa?

Mubvunzo wakanaka. Kuburitswa kwezai kubva mumazai kunoitika zvakajairika. Asi nekuda kwekuti hapana chubhu yekuti zai rifambe nepakati paro, rinonyungudika mukati memuviri uye rinotorwazve nemuviri. Izvi hazvishamisi, izvi ndizvo zvinoitika kumazai asina kushandiswa kunyangwe panguva yekuenda kumwedzi kana usina pamuviri.

Handikwanise here kuva nevana mushure mekuvhiyiwa uku?

Izvi zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekuvhiyiwa kwawakaitwa.

  • Kana chubhu imwe chete yakabviswa (Unilateral): Kana imwe chubhu iine hutano, uchiri nemukana wekubata pamuviri nenzira yechisikigo.
  • Kana machubhu ese ari maviri akabviswa (Bilateral): Haugone kubata pamuviri nenzira yechisikigo. Zvisinei, kana chibereko chako nemazai zviri zvakanaka, tekinoroji yeIVF (in vitro fertilization) ingakwanisa kukubatsira kubata pamuviri.Pane mukana wekutora mwana kuburikidza nekuberekesa mwana muchibereko. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa imwe yezai rako nembeu murabhoritari wozoisa mwana wacho muchibereko zvakananga muchibereko.

Ndezvipi zvakanakira uye njodzi dzekuvhiyiwa?

Kufanana nekuvhiyiwa kupi zvako, uku kune zvakanakira pamwe nenjodzi diki.

Zvakanakira:

  • Inogona kuderedza marwadzo anokonzerwa nezvirwere zvakaita se endometriosis.
  • Njodzi yekenza yemuzai inogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya.
  • Inzira yekudzivirira pamuviri inogara iripo.
  • Unogona kudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisidzira hupenyu sepamuviri usina kuvharwa.

Njodzi:

Izvi zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki.

  • Kubuda ropa kubva panzvimbo yekuvhiyiwa.
  • Maitiro asina kunaka kune anesthesia.
  • Kugwamba kweropa.
  • Kukuvadzwa kwenhengo dzakapoteredza.
  • Zvirwere zvinotapukira.

Kana ukaona zviratidzo izvi mushure mekuvhiyiwa, enda kuna chiremba wako nekukasika.
- Kuzvimba, kutsvuka, kana kubuda kwakaita semapundu kubva panzvimbo yakachekwa - Kunzwa fivha kana dzihwa
- Kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kana kubuda kwemvura inonhuwa kubva muchibereko - Marwadzo akanyanya panguva yekuzviitira weti
- Kuzvimba kana kurwadziwa mumakumbo (zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chekugwamba kweropa) - Marwadzo emudumbu asingatsungiririki

Salpingectomy inzira inoponesa hupenyu, uye dzimwe nguva inochinja hupenyu. Zvakajairika kuva nekutya kwakawanda, kunetseka, uye mibvunzo pamusoro payo. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kutaura nachiremba wako nezvemibvunzo yako yese nematambudziko ako pasina kuzeza.

Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba

  • Salpingectomy kuvhiyiwa kubvisa imwe kana ese ari maviri machubhu ako e fallopian.
  • Kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa pakurapa nhumbu dziri mudumbu, kenza, hutachiona, uye senzira yekuronga mhuri zvachose.
  • Kuvhiyiwa uku hakuzomisi nguva yako yekuenda kumwedzi (kuenda kumwedzi) kana kukonzera shanduko huru mumahormone ako.
  • Kana chubhu imwe chete ikabviswa, unogona kubata pamuviri nenzira yechisikigo. Kunyangwe chubhu dzese dzikabviswa, unogona kuramba uine vana kuburikidza netekinoroji yeIVF.
  • Kune avo vari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nekenza yemazamu, kuvhiyiwa uku kwakakosha zvikuru kuderedza njodzi iyoyo.
  • Kana muine mibvunzo kana zvinokunetsai, taurai pachena nachiremba wenyu.

salpingectomy sinhala, kubviswa kwemachubhu efallopian, tubal ligation sinhala, kuvhiyiwa kwevakadzi, kurapwa kwepamuviri we ectopic, kudzivirira kenza ye ovarian, bilateral salpingectomy
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Hapana zvakataurwa parizvino. Isa mhinduro yako pano kekutanga.

Wedzera zvaunofunga

Ndokumbira uverenge: 8 + 1 =
Dzidza nezveSalpingectomy yako
Kuvhiya2026 Chikunguru 15

Dzidza nezveSalpingectomy yako

Pamwe chiremba wako akakuudza nezvekuvhiyiwa kwe'Salpingectomy'. Kana kuti pamwe wakambonzwa nezvazvo kune imwe nzvimbo. Zita racho ringanzwika serinotyisa, asi chaizvoizvo kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa nevakadzi vazhinji nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Saka usatya. Nhasi, tichataura nezve kuvhiyiwa kweSalpingectomy uku, kuti kwakaitwa sei, kuti kunoitwa sei, uye zvinoitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa, zviri nyore uye zvakajeka.

Chii chinonzi Salpingectomy?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, salpingectomy kubviswa kwechubhu imwe chete kana dzese dziri mbiri dzefallopian. Iye zvino ungave uchishamisika kuti machubhu aya ndeapi. Funga nezvawo sechubhu mbiri diki dziri pakati pemazai ako nechibereko. Zai rinobuda muchibereko rinoenda kuchibereko kuburikidza nemachubhu aya kuti risangane nembeu. Saka machubhu maviri aya akakosha zvikuru pakubata pamuviri wemwana. Kazhinji, mukadzi wese ane machubhu maviri efallopian.

Kune mhando mbiri huru dzekuvhiyiwa kwesalpingectomy:

Pane nzira mbiri huru dzekuita kuvhiyiwa uku. Chiremba ndiye achasarudza kuti ndeipi yakakunakira zvichienderana nemamiriro ako ezvinhu.

Rudzi rwekuvhiyiwa Tsananguro iri nyore
Kubviswa kwechubhu imwe chete ye fallopian (Unilateral Salpingectomy) Izvi zvinosanganisira kubvisa imwe chete yemachubhu ako efallopian. Dzimwe nguva, chikamu chechubhu chete ndicho chinogona kubviswa. Mushure meizvi, uchiri nemukana wekubereka vana nenzira yechisikigo , nekuti imwe chubhu ichiri kushanda zvakanaka. Rudzi urwu runowanzoitwa kana paine pamuviri usina kuvharwa.
Kubviswa kwemachubhu ese e fallopian (Bilateral Salpingectomy) Mukuita izvi, machubhu ako ese efallopian anobviswa zvachose. Mushure mekuvhiyiwa uku, hauzokwanisi kubata pamuviri nenzira yechisikigo. Kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa kune zvinhu zvakaita sekenza mumachubhu efallopian, kana kuti kurega kubereka vana zvachose (senzira yekuronga mhuri zvachose).

Sei mukadzi angade kuvhiyiwa uku?

Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinoita kuti kuvhiyiwa kwesalpingectomy kuitwe. Dzimwe nguva kunoitirwa kurapa, uye dzimwe nguva kudzivirira chirwere.

  • Kubata pamuviri panguva yekuzvitakura: Ichi ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoitika. Chinoitika apa ndechekuti zai harina kumera muchibereko asi rinotanga kukura mukati mechubhu yefallopian. Ichi chirwere chine njodzi zvikuru. Kana chubhu ikatsemuka, inogona kukonzera kubuda ropa zvakanyanya uye kunyange kufa. Saka, chubhu inofanira kubviswa.
  • Zvirwere zvegomarara: Kana paine gomarara muchibereko, maovari, kana machubhu efallopian, machubhu aya anobviswa senzira yekurapa.
  • Utachiona huri mumachubhu efallopian: Humwe utachiona hwakakomba hunogona kukuvadza machubhu efallopian uye kukonzera kuti urwa huungane. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, machubhu acho angada kubviswa.
  • Endometriosis: Muchirwere ichi, nyama dzakafanana nedzinowanikwa mukati mechibereko dzinogona kukura mukati memachubhu efallopian. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya uye kuvharika kwemachubhu.
  • Machubhu efallopian akavharika kana kukuvara: Kana machubhu efallopian akavharika kana kukuvara nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero, vanachiremba vanogona kusarudza kuabvisa.
  • Senzira yekuronga mhuri zvachose: Kana usingade kuva nevana zvakare, unogona kubviswa machubhu ese ari maviri senzira yekuronga mhuri zvachose.

Pamusoro pezvo, vamwe vakadzi vane mukana wekuva nekenza yemazamu kana kenza yemazamu (semuenzaniso, BRCA gene mutations ). Ongororo ichangoburwa yakawana kuti kenza yemazamu yakawanda inotangira mumachubhu efallopian. Saka, kune vakadzi vari panjodzi, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira nzira iyi senzira yekuderedza njodzi yako .

Kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa sei?

Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekuita kuvhiyiwa uku: laparoscopic nedumbu rakavhurika.

Nzira yekuvhiya Maitikiro azvo
Kuvhiyiwa kweSalpingectomy neLaparoscopic Uku ndiko kuvhiyiwa kunonyanya kushandiswa, "keyhole surgery".Zvinonziwo. Pano, kucheka kudiki-diki kunoitwa mudumbu, uye mudziyo mutete une kamera (laparoscope) unopinzwa nepaburi rimwe. Dumbu rinofuridzirwa nemhepo kuti rione zviri nani mukati. Zvishandiso zvekuvhiya zvinopinzwa kuburikidza nemamwe macheko uye machubhu efallopian anobviswa. Nzira iyi inosiya mavanga mashoma, hainyanyi kurwadza, uye inopora nekukurumidza.
Kuvhiyiwa kweSalping mudumbu Kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa kuburikidza nekucheka kukuru kamwe chete (laparotomy) mudumbu rezasi. Nzira iyi inogona kudiwa muzviitiko zvakaoma nekuti chiremba anogona kuona nhengo dzemuviri zviri nani. Zvisinei, nzira iyi inoda nguva yakareba yekupora.

Kazhinji, vanachiremba vanoedza kuita oparesheni iyi ne laparoscopically. Zvisinei, kana paine dambudziko, senge kuputika kwe fallopian tube nekuda kwe ectopic pregnancy, kuvhiyiwa kwakavhurika kunogona kudiwa. Unogona kukurukura izvi nachiremba wako usati wavhiyiwa.

Chii chinoitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa?

Yeukai kuti kuvhiyiwa uku hakuzomisi kuenda kwako kumwedzi. Hakuzokonzere shanduko huru kumahormone ako, nekuti mahormone anogadzirwa uye kuenda kumwedzi kunodzorwa nemaovari nechibereko, kwete nemachubhu efallopian.

Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, muchaendeswa kuchipatara kuti muongororwe. Kana makavhiyiwa laparoscopic, mungakwanisa kuenda kumba zuva rimwe chete. Kana makavhiyiwa pachena, muchafanira kugara muchipatara kwezuva rimwe kana maviri.

Kupora:

  • Nekuvhiyiwa kwe laparoscopic, unogona kudzokera pakuva munhu akajairika mukati memazuva mashoma. Zvinotora vhiki imwe kusvika mbiri kuti unyatsopora.
  • Kuvhiyiwa pachena kunogona kutora mavhiki mana kusvika matanhatu kuti kuporeswe.

Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, unofanira kudzivisa kusimudza zvinhu zvinorema uye kurovedza muviri kunorema kwenguva yakati. Chiremba wako achakupa mazano panyaya iyi.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Chii chinoitika kumazai kana machubhu efallopian abviswa?

Mubvunzo wakanaka. Kuburitswa kwezai kubva mumazai kunoitika zvakajairika. Asi nekuda kwekuti hapana chubhu yekuti zai rifambe nepakati paro, rinonyungudika mukati memuviri uye rinotorwazve nemuviri. Izvi hazvishamisi, izvi ndizvo zvinoitika kumazai asina kushandiswa kunyangwe panguva yekuenda kumwedzi kana usina pamuviri.

Handikwanise here kuva nevana mushure mekuvhiyiwa uku?

Izvi zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekuvhiyiwa kwawakaitwa.

  • Kana chubhu imwe chete yakabviswa (Unilateral): Kana imwe chubhu iine hutano, uchiri nemukana wekubata pamuviri nenzira yechisikigo.
  • Kana machubhu ese ari maviri akabviswa (Bilateral): Haugone kubata pamuviri nenzira yechisikigo. Zvisinei, kana chibereko chako nemazai zviri zvakanaka, tekinoroji yeIVF (in vitro fertilization) ingakwanisa kukubatsira kubata pamuviri.Pane mukana wekutora mwana kuburikidza nekuberekesa mwana muchibereko. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa imwe yezai rako nembeu murabhoritari wozoisa mwana wacho muchibereko zvakananga muchibereko.

Ndezvipi zvakanakira uye njodzi dzekuvhiyiwa?

Kufanana nekuvhiyiwa kupi zvako, uku kune zvakanakira pamwe nenjodzi diki.

Zvakanakira:

  • Inogona kuderedza marwadzo anokonzerwa nezvirwere zvakaita se endometriosis.
  • Njodzi yekenza yemuzai inogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya.
  • Inzira yekudzivirira pamuviri inogara iripo.
  • Unogona kudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisidzira hupenyu sepamuviri usina kuvharwa.

Njodzi:

Izvi zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki.

  • Kubuda ropa kubva panzvimbo yekuvhiyiwa.
  • Maitiro asina kunaka kune anesthesia.
  • Kugwamba kweropa.
  • Kukuvadzwa kwenhengo dzakapoteredza.
  • Zvirwere zvinotapukira.

Kana ukaona zviratidzo izvi mushure mekuvhiyiwa, enda kuna chiremba wako nekukasika.
- Kuzvimba, kutsvuka, kana kubuda kwakaita semapundu kubva panzvimbo yakachekwa - Kunzwa fivha kana dzihwa
- Kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kana kubuda kwemvura inonhuwa kubva muchibereko - Marwadzo akanyanya panguva yekuzviitira weti
- Kuzvimba kana kurwadziwa mumakumbo (zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chekugwamba kweropa) - Marwadzo emudumbu asingatsungiririki

Salpingectomy inzira inoponesa hupenyu, uye dzimwe nguva inochinja hupenyu. Zvakajairika kuva nekutya kwakawanda, kunetseka, uye mibvunzo pamusoro payo. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kutaura nachiremba wako nezvemibvunzo yako yese nematambudziko ako pasina kuzeza.

Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba

  • Salpingectomy kuvhiyiwa kubvisa imwe kana ese ari maviri machubhu ako e fallopian.
  • Kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa pakurapa nhumbu dziri mudumbu, kenza, hutachiona, uye senzira yekuronga mhuri zvachose.
  • Kuvhiyiwa uku hakuzomisi nguva yako yekuenda kumwedzi (kuenda kumwedzi) kana kukonzera shanduko huru mumahormone ako.
  • Kana chubhu imwe chete ikabviswa, unogona kubata pamuviri nenzira yechisikigo. Kunyangwe chubhu dzese dzikabviswa, unogona kuramba uine vana kuburikidza netekinoroji yeIVF.
  • Kune avo vari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nekenza yemazamu, kuvhiyiwa uku kwakakosha zvikuru kuderedza njodzi iyoyo.
  • Kana muine mibvunzo kana zvinokunetsai, taurai pachena nachiremba wenyu.

salpingectomy sinhala, kubviswa kwemachubhu efallopian, tubal ligation sinhala, kuvhiyiwa kwevakadzi, kurapwa kwepamuviri we ectopic, kudzivirira kenza ye ovarian, bilateral salpingectomy
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Hapana zvakataurwa parizvino. Isa mhinduro yako pano kekutanga.

Wedzera zvaunofunga

Ndokumbira uverenge: 8 + 1 =