Mwana wenyu haatauri here mune dzimwe nzvimbo? Zvinonzi Selective Mutism - ngatitaurei nezvazvo!

Mwana wako mudiki anotaura zvakanyanya kumba, anoverenga asingamiri, uye anotaura zvinonzwika kunyangwe achitamba. Asi pavanoenda kuchikoro, kudzimba dzehama, kana kumafaro, miromo yavo inoita seinonyarara zvachose here? Vanongogutsurira musoro wavo vorega kutaura kana mumwe munhu akavabvunza chimwe chinhu? Ungafunga kuti uku kunyara, kana kusindimara, kana kungoti kutaura zvishoma. Asi zvinogona kunge zviri chimwe chinhu chakadzama, chirwere chepfungwa chinokonzerwa nekutya nekuzvidya mwoyo . Nhasi, tichataura nezvechirwere ichi chinonzi 'Selective Mutism.'

Chii chinonzi Selective Mutism?

Muchidimbu, Selective Mutism kusakwanisa kutaura mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu, munzvimbo dzaunonzwa kusagadzikana kana kutya. Izvi hazvisi zvemaune . Munzvimbo dzaunonzwa wakajairika uye wakachengeteka, senge kumba, unogona kutaura pasina matambudziko. Asi munzvimbo dzakadai sechikoro kana munzvimbo dzine vanhu vausingazive, izwi rako rinoita serisina kumira zvakanaka.

Izvi zvakasiyana nemunhu anongonyara. Kusagadzikana kwepfungwa (selective mutism) chirwere chekuzvidya mwoyo. Chinowanzotanga paudiki, pazera remakore mashanu. Chinowanzoonekwa nevana vechikoro chesekondari nevana vegiredhi rekutanga. Zvisinei, chinogonawo kukanganisa vanhu vadiki nevakuru.

Chirwere ichi chinonzi chinowanzoitika zvishoma kuvasikana kupfuura vakomana. Asi izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nemaonero evanhu. Zvisinei, chirwere ichi hachiwanzoitiki. Chinobata vanhu vasingasviki mumwe chete pavanhu zana.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvemunhu ane chirwere che "selective mutism"?

Izwi rekuti "kusarudza" muzita racho rinoratidza kuti izvi zvinoitika chete mumamiriro ezvinhu akasarudzwa . Kureva kuti, unogona kutaura pasina matambudziko mumamiriro ezvinhu aunenge wakasununguka. Zvisinei, mumamiriro ezvinhu aunenge uchinzwa usina kugadzikana kana kutya, zvinova zvakaoma zvikuru, kana zvisingaite, kutaura.

Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kusiyana kubva pamunhu nemunhu. Vamwe vanhu havanyatso taura, nepo vamwe vachitaura nenzira isina kujeka.

Kusakwanisa kutaura kana kuva pedyo nayo

Izvi zvinosanganisira kurega kutaura zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, kana kurega zvachose. Zvinogona kutaridzika seizvi:

• Unonzwa sekuti haugone kutaura. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti pfungwa dzako dzakaoma nekuda kwekutya zvakanyanya uye kuzvidya mwoyo. Kunyangwe zvingaita sekuti haudi kutaura, ichi hachisi chinhu chaunoita nemaune, chinongoitika chete.
• Muviri wake wakasimba uye anoita seakatemwa nematombo. Semhara yabatwa nechiedza ichitya.
• Chiso chazara nechinhu chisina kana chinhu .
• Inodzivisa kutarisana mumaziso.
• Anodzivisa kana kusatora chikamu mukukurukurirana kwevanhu . Fungidzira, mudzidzisi paanobvunza chimwe chinhu mukirasi, mwana uyu anotarisa pasi vamwe vana vachipindura.
• Havakumbire zvinhu zvavanoda. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kuenda kuchimbuzi kuchikoro vasina kubvunza mudzidzisi, uye vanogona kutokumbira chimwe chinhu chiri muhembe dzavo.Pane dzimwe nguva dzaunofanira kuita weti .
• Anoita zvinhu nemaune zvinokanganisa vanhu kuti asataure (semuenzaniso, kunetseka, kuchema).

Kutaurirana kusina mashoko

• Panzvimbo pemashoko , vanoshandisa manzwi anzwisiswa nemunhu wese, akadai sekuti "Uu huun" (hongu) uye "Ah ah" (kwete).
• Kuti vasataure , vanonyora zvinhu pasi voita zvinhu zvakaita sekukuratidza chimwe chinhu mubhuku .
• Anoshandisa zviratidzo zvemuviri nechitarisiko chechiso panzvimbo pemashoko (semuenzaniso, kugutsurira musoro, kunongedza).

Kutaura zvishoma kana zvishoma

• Yasvika nguva yekupindura.
• Vanopindura neshoko rimwe chete kana maviri kana kushandisa mitsara mipfupi zvikuru.
• Vanogunun'una, vanogunun'una, kana kutaura zvishoma nezvishoma uye vachizevezera.
• Anotaura nenzwi rakachinja (semuenzaniso, serobhoti, kana nekuchinja inzwi rake renguva dzose).

Sei izvi zvichiitika mutism yekusarudza?

Nyanzvi hadzisati dzanyatsonzwisisa chikonzero chaicho cheizvi, asi dzinofunga kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kunge zvichikonzera izvi.

Mamwe matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa

Kurwara kwetsandanyama kwerudzi rweSelective Mutism kwakabatana zvakanyanya nedzimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa. Izvi hazvisi izvo chete zvinokonzera, asi vanhu vane zvirwere izvi vane mukana mukuru wekuva nechirwere chetsandanyama cherudzi rweSelective Mutism.

• Dambudziko reKunetseka Pamagariro Evanhu: Izvi zvinowanzoitika kuvanhu vane chirwere che "selective mutism". Nyanzvi dzinoti vanhu vari pakati pe75% ne100% vanogona kunge vaine chirwere ichi.
• Kutya zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana: Kutya zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanyanya.
• Zvimwe zvirwere zvekuzvidya mwoyo.
• Dambudziko reAutism Spectrum.
• Kuzvidya Mwoyo Kuparadzana: Kutya zvakanyanya kuparadzaniswa nevabereki.
• Dambudziko rePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Kushungurudzika kwepfungwa kunoitika mushure mechiitiko chinorwadza.

Nhoroondo yemhuri kana pesvedzero dzemajini

Matambudziko ekuzvidya mwoyo anogona kuitika mumhuri. Munhu ane chirwere chekusarudza chirwere chemudumbu (selective mutism) anowanzova nehama yepedyo (mubereki, munin'ina, mwana) ine chirwere ichi kana chimwe chirwere chekuzvidya mwoyo.

Zvimwe zvinetso zvekutaura

Vamwe vana vanogona kutanga kusanzwisisa nekuda kwekutya matauriro avanoita kana kuoma kunzwisisa zvinotaurwa nevamwe (semuenzaniso, matambudziko ekugadzirisa manzwi , kunonoka kudzidza).

Zvinogonawo kukonzerwa nematambudziko ekutaura, akadai sekutadza kutaura zvakanaka . Vamwe vana vanogona kutanga kusanzwisisa nekuti havadi manzwi avo kana kuti vanotya kuti anonzwika sei pavanotaura.

Zvinhu zvemagariro evanhu

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukonzerawo kuti vana vakure vaine chirwere che "selective mutism".

• Kushungurudzwa nevamwe.
• Zviitiko zvinorwadza zvakanyanya kana kushungurudzwa.
• Matambudziko emhuri (semuenzaniso, kushungurudzwa mupfungwa, nemashoko, kana kurohwa kumba).
• Kutamira kunyika kana dunhu kunotaurwa mutauro mukuru wakasiyana.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwekusarudza chirwere chemutism?

Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwako nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.

• Kusagadzikana pasocial media, kusurukirwa, kana kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe.
• Kukura kwemamwe mamiriro kana zviratidzo zvine chekuita nekuzvidya mwoyo.
• Mhedzisiro pamabasa edzidzo kana mashandiro ebasa .

Unoona sei izvi?

Kurwara kwetsandanyama kunowanzoonekwa nenyanzvi yehutano hwepfungwa , senge chiremba wepfungwa kana chiremba wepfungwa. Vanachiremba vezvirwere zvemutauro wekutaura kana vanachiremba vekurapa kutaura vanogonawo kubatsira kubvisa zvimwe zvirwere uye kuongorora chirwere chacho.

Chiremba anoongorora chirwere ichi nekutarisa zviratidzo uye maitiro emunhu. Vachakubvunza iwe (kana mwana wako) mibvunzo nezvezviitiko izvi nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kunge zvichikonzera izvi.

Kazhinji, chiremba wako anoshandisa mibvunzo nekutarisa kuti aone kana uine chirwere ichi. Sekureva kweAmerican Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition text revision™) , kuti ubatwe nechirwere cheselective mutism, unofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvishanu izvi:

1. Kugara usingataure munzvimbo dzaunotarisirwa kutaura, asi hapana dambudziko rekutaura dzimwe nguva.

2. Kusataura kunokanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu, dzidzo, kana hwebasa .

3. Kusagona kutaura kunogara kwemwedzi unopfuura.

4. Kusataura hakusi kuti haugone kutaura kana kunzwisisa mutauro mukuru unoshandiswa nevamwe.

5. Kuoma kwekutaura hakugone kukonzerwa nedambudziko rekutaura, rakadai sekukakama . Zvakare, hazvigone kungova nechekuita ne autism spectrum disorder , schizophrenia spectrum disorders, kana zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa .

Pane mushonga here? Inogona kurapwa zvachose here?

Nekurapwa, kuoma kwezviratidzo uye kuwanda kwazvo kunogona kuderedzwa. Kana zvikaonekwa uye zvikarapwa nekukurumidza, vamwe vanhu vanogona kutoona kupera kwezviratidzo zvachose.

Mishonga inonyanya kushandiswa ndeiyi:

Kurapa kwehutano hwepfungwa

Kurapa kwehutano hwepfungwa (kunyanya Cognitive Behavioral Therapy kana CBT)) kazhinji ndiyo nzira yekutanga inoshandiswa. Ndiyo zvakare inopa mhedzisiro yakawanda. Kurapa kwemaitiro kunokubatsira kunzwisisa nekugadzirisa kuzvidya mwoyo nemamwe manzwiro anoshungurudza anokonzera kusarudza kusagadzikana kwepfungwa. Kunokubatsirawo kudzora maitiro anovhiringidza anogona kuperekedzwa nechirwere ichi.

Pakurapa vana nekurapa uku, zvakakosha kubatanidza vanovachengeta (vabereki, vachengeti). Rutsigiro rwavo rwakakosha zvikuru kuti kurapwa uku kubudirire.

Kurapa Kwekutaura

Kurapa nekutaura kunosanganisira kushanda nenyanzvi yekutaura. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira zvikuru kana paine chirwere chekutaura chakasiyana pamwe chete nedambudziko rekutaura.

Mishonga

Kana kurapwa kwepfungwa kana kutaura chete zvikasashanda, mishonga inogona kushandiswawo sechikamu chekurapa.

Mishonga inonyanya kushandiswa yekurapa chirwere cheSelective Mutism iSSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) . Kunyangwe mishonga iyi ichinyanya kushandiswa kurapa kushushikana, inogonawo kubatsira nezvirwere zvekushushikana zvakaita seSelective Mutism. Mimwe mishonga inogonawo kubatsira. Chiremba wako (kana chiremba wemwana wako) anogona kukuudza zvakawanda nezveizvi uye kukubatsira kusarudza yakakunakira.

Zvakanaka kubvunza chiremba wako nezvemigumisiro yemishonga.

Chii chinoitika kana ini kana mwana wangu aine chirwere chekusarudza chirwere chemutism?

Kana mwana aine chirwere ichi, chinogona kukanganisa basa rake rechikoro, maitiro aanoita neshamwari, uye kugona kwake kuita shamwari. Dzimwe nguva, vana vanogona kuedzwa kuramba vakanyarara, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akakosha zvikuru.

Kana uine chirwere chepfungwa chekusarudza (selective mutism) semunhu mukuru, zvinogona kuramba zvichikonzera matambudziko. Zvinogona kuita kuti zviomere kuita shamwari uye kuvaka hukama (hwemagariro evanhu, hwebasa, hwerudo). Zvinogonawo kukanganisa zvidzidzo zvako nebasa rako.

Kune vanhu vazhinji, zviratidzo zvinoita sezvinopera pavanenge vachikura. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva zviratidzo zvinoramba zviripo uye zvinogona kutevedzera mamwe matambudziko ekuzvidya mwoyo (kunyanya kuzvidya mwoyo kwevanhu).

Kana ikazivikanwa uye ikarapwa nekukurumidza, mhedzisiro yacho yakanaka kwazvo. Kana ikazivikanwa uye ikarapwa vachiri vadiki, vanhu vazhinji vanogona kubvisa chirwere ichi kana kurarama nacho uye kurarama nacho. Izvozvo hazvizokanganisi hupenyu hwavo zvakanyanya.

Zvisinei, kana ikasaonekwa uye ikasarapwa, mhedzisiro yacho haisi yakanaka. Ichi hachisi chirwere chine njodzi, asi migumisiro yakaipa inogona kuva yakakura.

Kusarudzwa kwechirwere chemumutism kunogona kudzivirirwa here?

Zvinosuwisa kuti chirwere che "selective mutism" hachigone kudzivirirwa. Nyanzvi hadzinyatsonzwisisi chinokonzera chirwere ichi, saka hapana nzira yekuderedza njodzi yekuti chiitike.

Ndingabatsira sei mwana wangu kana aine chirwere chepfungwa chekusarudza chirwere (selective mutism)?

Unganzwa kusuruvara kana mwana wako asingataure mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, uye kana iwe ukati, "Taura, taura," asi iye asingatauri. Kushungurudzika uku kunogona kutowedzera kana mwana wako achinetseka kuti asataure, sekunge nekuchema.

Asi, chinhu chakakosha kurangarira ndechekuti kusarudza chirwere chepfungwa (selective mutism) chirwere chepfungwa. Hachisi chinhu chinogona kudzorwa nemwana wako. Asi, unogona kudzora mamiriro emwana wako uye maitiro aunoita kana akasangana nezviratidzo zvake.

Heano zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvaunogona kurangarira:

• Ita kuti mwana wako anzwe akasununguka uye akachengeteka. Usamusundidzira kana kumumhanyisa kunzvimbo dzaanganzwa kutya kana kunetseka. Hazvina kunakawo kutaura nezvedambudziko iri pamberi pake, sezvo zvinogona kumuita kuti anyare uye atonyanya kutya.
• Deredza kutya nekuzvidya mwoyo, wobva waenderera mberi. Tanga nekukurudzira mwana wako kuti ataure zvaanofunga nenzira dzaanonzwa akasununguka nadzo. Kutanga, zvishoma nezvishoma muzivisei vanhu vaanotaura navo, wobva wamubatsira kutaura.
• Iva nemwoyo murefu uye ipa mwana wako nguva yekutaura. Kana ukamumiririra, anganzwa sekunge ari kukanganisa. Izvi zvichaita kuti zvimuomere kukunda kutya kwake nekuzvidya mwoyo pamusoro pekutaura. Vabatsire kunzwisisa kuti zvakanaka kufunga vasati vapindura, uye kutora nguva yavo.
• Rumbidzai zvaanoita. Kana mwana wenyu akataura, murumbidzei nazvo. Mupei mubairo (nemashoko) wezvaakaita. Muite kuti anzwe zvakanaka nekutaura.
• Musaedza kuvakurudzira nekuvaranga. Vana vanotya kurangwa kana vakasataura vanogona kuomerwa nekutaura nekuti vanozotya zvakanyanya.

Ndezvipi zvinhu "zvinokonzeresa" kusawirirana kwemunhu (selective mutism)?

"Zvinokonzera" kusawirirana kwepfungwa (selective mutism) mamiriro ezvinhu kana zvikonzero zvinoita kuti munhu ane chirwere ichi anyanye kusataura. Mimwe mienzaniso yakajairika ndeiyi:

• Zvinoita sekunge vamwe vanhu vari pedyo zvakanyanya, zvinoita sekunge vari kupinda mumiganhu yavo .
• Vamwe vachitaura zvinonzwika uye vachiita zvisina hunhu.
• Vatorwa, vanhu vatsva.
• Hunhu hwevamwe, semuenzaniso , vanhu vakareba zvikuru uye vane chitarisiko chakakura.
• Maitikiro kana maitiro evamwe, semuenzaniso, vanhu vanoita sevanotya, vasina hushamwari, kana vanoita zviratidzo zvakaipa .
• Nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda uye ruzha rwakawanda.
• Nzvimbo dzine chekuita nendangariro dzinosuruvarisa, dzisingafadzi.
• Nzvimbo dzandisati ndamboenda.
• Zvitsva zvachose, kana mamiriro ezvinhu apo mwana akambosangana nedambudziko rekusabudirira.

Izvi zvinongova zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinonyanya kukonzera matambudziko. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kunge vaine zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana, zvakananga kupfuura izvi. Zvinhu zvinogona kuchinjawo nekufamba kwenguva.

Ko kusarudza mutism rudzi rwe autism here?

Kwete, Selective Mutism neAutism Spectrum Disorder zvirwere zviviri zvakasiyana. Zvisinei, vanhu vane autism vanowanzova ne selective mutism.

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Kusagona kutaura zvakanaka (selective mutism) chirwere chinotadzisa mwana kutaura nekuda kwekutya kana kuzvidya mwoyo. Chinowanzotanga achiri kuchikoro, asi chinogonawo kukanganisa vechidiki nevakuru. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti vana vane chirwere ichi havasi kuomesa musoro kana kusateerera. Hachisi chinhu chavanogona kudzora vega.

Kana muchifunga kuti mwana wenyu anogona kunge aine chirwere chepfungwa chinosarudzwa, taurai navanachiremba vevana kana mumwe nyanzvi yehutano. Kune mishonga iripo, uye kana kurapwa kukatanga nekukurumidza, ndipo panobva pava nemhedzisiro yakanaka. Nekukurudzirwa kwenyu nerutsigiro, mwana wenyu anogona kudzidza kutaura ega asingarasikirwe nekutaura kwake nekuda kwekutya kana kuzvidya mwoyo.

Kusataura zvakanaka, kusataura zvakanaka, hutano hwepfungwa hwevana, kuzvidya mwoyo , kutya vanhu, matambudziko ekutaura, maitiro evana