Anakanya u endliwe vuhandzuri lebyintsongo, byo tanihi ku humesa meno kumbe ku susiwa ka tshumba ra nhlonge. Kutani dokodela u rhurhumerisa ndhawu leyi vuhandzuri byi endliwaka eka yona ivi a endla ntirho wolowo leswaku u nga twi ku vava, a swi tano ke? Namuntlha hi ta vulavula hi murhi wo hlawuleka lowu tirhisiwaka eka swiyimo swo tano. Lowu i murhi lowu hi ntolovelo wu nyikiwaka exibedlhele kumbe etliliniki naswona wu tirhisiwa hi madokodela. Hikwalaho, i swa nkoka swinene ku xiya leswi.
Xana murhi lowu wo titivata i yini? (Bupivacaine; Xidzidzirisi xa Epinephrine) .
Hi ku olova, lowu i murhi wo titivata wa ndhawu, leswi vulaka leswaku wu pfimba ndhawu leyi ku cheriwaka eka yona ni ndhawu leyi yi rhendzeleke swa xinkarhana, handle ko pfimba miri hinkwawo. Leswi swi vula leswaku a wu nge twi ku vava.
Kuna tinxaka timbirhi letikulu ta murhi lowu:
1. Bupivacaine: Leswi hi swona swi pfimbaka nhlonge, leswi vulaka leswaku a wu twa ku vava.
2. Epinephrine: Leswi swi engeteriwa hikwalaho ka swivangelo swimbirhi. Xin’wana i ku endla leswaku xitlhavi xi tshama nkarhi wo leha. Xin’wana i ku pfalela misiha leyitsongo ya ngati endhawini leyi ku cheriweke ngati, ku hunguta ku huma ngati hi nkarhi wa vuhandzuri.
Kutani, hikwalaho ka ku hlanganisiwa ka swilo leswi haswimbirhi, dokodela a nga ku tshungula u hlayisekile handle ko ku vavisa.
Swilo leswi u faneleke ku swi byela dokodela wa wena u nga si ku nyika mirhi
Loko a nga si ku nyika murhi lowu, dokodela wa wena u ta vutisa hi rihanyo ra wena. Hambiswiritano, loko u ri ni xin’wana xa swiyimo leswi landzelaka, tiyiseka leswaku u byela dokodela wa wena. Leswi i swa nkoka swinene eka vuhlayiseki bya wena.
- Vuvabyi bya chukele kumbe mpimo wa chukele lowu tlakukeke engatini.
- Ku pfumaleka ka G6PD: Lexi i xiyimo xa ndzhaka lexi vanhu van’wana va velekiwaka na xona.
- Muxaka wihi na wihi wa vuvabyi bya mbilu .
- Nsusumeto wa le henhla wa ngati .
- Nsusumeto wa le hansi wa ngati .
- Vuvabyi byihi na byihi bya xivindzi kumbe tinso .
- Mavabyi ya mahahu (yo tanihi vuvabyi bya rifuva kumbe COPD).
- Vuvabyi bya thyroid .
- Loko u tikile kumbe u ringeta ku tika .
- Loko u ri manana la mamisaka .
- Loko u ri na aleriji eka murhi lowu kumbe murhi wun’wana na wun’wana, swakudya, dayi kumbe nchumu wo hlayisa.
Loko matimu ya wena ya rihanyo ma helerile, u ta kota ku ku tshungula hi ku hlayiseka.
Xana murhi lowu u wu tirhisa njhani?
Lowu a hi murhi lowu u nga wu yisa ekaya kumbe u wu xava ekhemisi.
Lowu i murhi wo tshungula lowu tshamaka wu nyikiwa exibedlhele kumbe tliliniki hi dokodela loyi a faneleke kumbe mutivi wa rihanyo loyi a leteriweke, kutani a wu fanelanga ku vilela hi ku wu tirhisa.
- Eka vana: Yi tirhisiwa eka swiyimo swin’wana swo hlawuleka eka vana lavatsongo lava nga ehenhla ka malembe ya 12 hi vukhale. Kambe swi endliwa hi vukheta lebyikulu ni hi vuxiyaxiya byo hlawuleka.
- Eka vadyuhari: Vanhu lava nga ni malembe yo tlula 65 va nga ha twa vuyelo bya murhi lowu byi ri ni matimbanyana. Hikwalaho, hi ntolovelo dokodela u hunguta mpimo lowu va nyikiwaka wona.
Ku vuriwa yini loko ndzi nwa mirhi yo tala?
Tanihi leswi leswi swi nyikeriwaka exibedlhele, khombo ra ku tirhisiwa ku tlula mpimo ri le hansi swinene. Hambiswiritano, loko leswi swi humelela hi ndlela yo karhi kumbe loko u ehleketa leswaku u kume mirhi yo tala, tivisa vatirhi va swa vutshunguri hi ku hatlisa. Loko ku ri na xiyimo xa xihatla, u fanele ku ya hi ku kongoma eka Yuniti ya Vutshunguri bya Xihatla (ETU) . Loko u lava switsundzuxo eka chefu, u nga bela riqingho eka National Poisons Information Center eXibedlhele xa Rixaka xa Colombo ku kuma vuxokoxoko.
Swilo swin’wana leswi nga tirhisanaka na murhi lowu (Interactions) .
Loko u nwa mirhi ya swiyimo swin’wana, i swa nkoka swinene ku byela dokodela wa wena hi swona. Hikuva mirhi yin’wana yi nga tirhisana ni murhi lowu wo hunguta switlhavi ivi yi vanga switandzhaku leswi nga laviwiki. Tafula leri nga laha hansi ri kombisa mirhi yin’wana leyi nga tirhisanaka hi ndlela leyi.
| Xiyenge xa swidzidziharisi | Swikombiso na tinhlamuselo |
|---|---|
| Switlhavi ni swidlaya-switsongwatsongwana | Mirhi yin’wana yo tanihi acetaminophen, dapsone na nitrofurantoin. |
| Vuvabyi bya mbilu na mirhi ya nsusumeto wa ngati | Mirhi yo hambana-hambana leyi tirhisiwaka ku lawula ku ba ka mbilu ni nsusumeto wa ngati. (Xikombiso: Nitroglycerin) . |
| Mirhi ya rihanyo ra miehleketo | Mirhi ya swiyimo swo fana na ntshikilelo na ku vilela, ngopfu ngopfu mirhi ya MAOI. |
| Mirhi ya ku khomiwa hi switlhavi | Mirhi yofana na phenobarbital na phenytoin. |
| Swidzidzirisi swin’wana swo titivata ni mirhi | Swidzidziharisi swin’wana swo titivata leswi tirhisiwaka hi nkarhi wa vuhandzuri swi katsa nitrous oxide, na swidzidziharisi swin’wana swo titivata swa ndhawu yo fana na lidocaine. |
Nxaxamelo lowu a wu helelanga. Kutani byela dokodela wa wena hi mirhi hinkwayo, tivhithamini, swimilana ni swiengetelo leswi u swi nwaka. Nakambe va byele loko u dzaha fole kumbe u nwa byala.
Swilo leswi u faneleke ku tivonela eka swona endzhaku ko nwa murhi
Endzhaku ka loko u kume murhi lowu, u fanele u va ni vuxiyaxiyanyana eka ndhawu leyi nga ni vuxiyaxiya. Leswi a wu swi twi ku vava, u nga vavisa ndhawu yoleyo u nga swi xiyanga.
Hi xikombiso, loko u humese meno naswona marhimila ya wena ma vava, u fanele u tivonela leswaku u nga luma marhama kumbe u nwa swakunwa swo hisa kukondza ku vava ku herile hi ku helela. Nakambe, loko u ri ni xilondza enhlongeni ya wena, sirhelela ndhawu yoleyo leswaku yi nga biwi kumbe ku khwaxa.
Hi swihi switandzhaku leswi nga ha vaka kona?
Ku fana ni murhi wun’wana ni wun’wana, lowu wu nga vanga switandzhaku eka vanhu van’wana. Swin’wana swa leswi i swa nkoka, swin’wana swi tolovelekile. I swa nkoka ku va u xiya leswi.
| Switandzhaku swo biha leswi faneleke ku vikiwa eka dokodela kumbe muongori hi ku hatlisa | |
|---|---|
| Switlhavelo swa ku nga twanani na swilo | Ku pfimba ka nhlonge, ku pfimba, ku pfimba ka xikandza, milomu, ririmi kumbe nkolo. |
| Ku cinca ka ku ba ka mbilu | Ku titwa onge mbilu ya wena yi ba hi rivilo kumbe hi ndlela leyi nga tshamisekangiki, ku pfimba, ku vava ka xifuva, ku nonoka ku hefemula. |
| Vuyelo bya kona eka fambiselo ra misiha ya le xikarhi | Ku hefemula hi ku nonoka ku rhundza Ku rhanga ku va naNonoka hi ku nonoka ku rhundza Hi ku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsongaNonoka hi ku nonoka ku rhundza Hi ku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsongaNonoka hi ku nonoka ku rhundza Hi ku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsongaNonoka hi ku nonoka ku rhundza Hi ku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsongaNonoka hi ku nonoka ku rhundza Hi ku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsongaNonoka hi ku nonoka ku rhundza Hi ku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsongaNonoka hi ku nonoka ku rhundza Hi ku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsongaNonoka hi ku nonoka ku rhundza Hi ku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka hiku nonoka slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow slow xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsonga xitsongaNonoka hi ku nonoka ku rhundza Ku pfumala miehleketo, . kanganyisa. |
| Ku va ni vuvabyi bya methemoglobinemia | Ku nonoka ku hefemula; Pandza hi nhloko; Milomu, swipikiri kumbe nhlonge yi hundzuka yo basa, ya wasi kumbe ya wasi; Ku karhala lokukulu. |
| Ku khomiwa hi switlhavi | Ku pfimba ka xitshuketa. |
| Switandzhaku leswi hi ntolovelo swi nga riki swikulu, kambe swi fanele ku vikiwa eka dokodela loko swi phikelela | |
| Ku vilela kumbe ku nga tshamiseki | Ku twa ku vilela loku nga tolovelekangiki. |
| Ku khomiwa hi vurhongo | U nga ha titwa u khomiwe hi vurhongonyana. |
| Ku pfimba ka khwiri ni ku hlanta | Ku pfimba ka khwiri, ku pfimba kumbe ku hlanta. |
Loko u kuma swikombiso swin’wana leswi nga tolovelekangiki leswi nga boxiwangiki eka nxaxamelo lowu, vulavula ni dokodela wa wena na swona hi swona.
Rungula ro Yisa Ekaya
- Bupivacaine leyi nga ni swidzidzirisi; Epinephrine i murhi wo titivata wa ndhawu lowu nyikeriwaka ntsena hi dokodela exibedlhele kumbe etliliniki leswaku a hunguta switlhavi.
- Loko u nga si kuma murhi lowu, byela dokodela wa wena hi swiyimo swa wena hinkwaswo swa vutshunguri (ku fana na vuvabyi bya chukele, vuvabyi bya mbilu) na mirhi hinkwayo leyi u yi tirhisaka.
- Endzhaku ka ku cheriwa, tiyisisa leswaku u sirhelela ndzhawu leyi eka ku vaviseka. Tanihi leswi u nga titwiki ku vava, u nga tivavisa handle ko swi xiya.
- Lava vutshunguri bya xihatla loko u kuma switandzhaku swihi na swihi leswikulu swo tanihi ku pfimba ka xikandza, ku nonoka ku hefemula kumbe ku vava ka xifuva.
- Loko u ri na swivutiso kumbe swivilelo mayelana na murhi lowu, u nga tshuki u kanakana ku vutisa dokodela wa wena hi wona.
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