Ngaba ufuna ukwazi kakuhle ukuba angakanani amanqanaba e-cholesterol yakho? Kutheni oku kubaluleke kangaka kuthi?

Sonke siliva rhoqo igama elithi cholesterol. Ngamanye amaxesha umhlobo okanye isalamane sethu sithi, "Owu, icholesterol yam iphezulu kancinci." Mhlawumbi ukhe wamva ugqirha esithi, "Ugqirha utshilo." Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye i-cholesterol? Kutheni ibalulekile emizimbeni yethu, kwaye ingaba yingozi njani? Makhe sithethe ngale nto namhlanje ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Kutheni le nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol ibaluleke kangaka?

Ngamafutshane, i-cholesterol luhlobo lwamafutha emizimbeni yethu, okanye ngokuthe ngqo, uhlobo lwe-lipid. Le cholesterol inceda kwimisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu, njengokwakha iiseli nokuvelisa iihomoni ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, njengayo nayiphi na into, iingxaki ziyavela xa iba ninzi kakhulu emzimbeni.

Cinga ngemithambo yegazi yethu njengemibhobho ethwala amanzi. Xa amanqanaba e-cholesterol enyuka, le cholesterol eyongezelelweyo iqokelelana kancinci kancinci ngaphakathi kweendonga zemithambo yegazi yethu. Apho, iyanda kwaye, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ityebe, yenze umaleko otyebileyo obizwa ngokuba yi-"atherosclerotic plaque." Oku koko oogqirha bakubiza ngokuba yi-"atherosclerosis."

Xa ezi ntsalela zisenzeka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, ukuhamba kwegazi kuyavalwa. Kufana nothuli olubhajwe kumbhobho wamanzi. Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu. Izifo zinokwenzeka. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Isifo semithambo yegazi: Oku kwenzeka xa imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni ivalekile. Oku kuthintela intliziyo ekufumaneni ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze umzimba: Oku kuxa imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi iye emilenzeni nasezingalweni ivalekile.
• Isifo semithambo ye-carotid (` Isifo seCarotid Artery` ): Oku kunokubangela ukuvaleka komthambo oyintloko othwala igazi liye engqondweni.

I-cholesterol yinto engcolileyo!

Le yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu nge-cholesterol. Nokuba amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol aphezulu kakhulu kwaye sele uqalile ukuqokelelana kwamathambo emithambo yegazi, uninzi lwexesha awuziva zimpawu . Kufana nomntu othubeleza iminwe yakhe phezu kwekhaphethi, kwaye ekuqaleni akukho sandi okanye uxinzelelo.

Kodwa, ekuhambeni kwexesha, xa ezi ntsalela ziba nkulu kwaye imithambo yegazi ivalekile, njengesandi sezihlangu ezinezithende eziphakamileyo kumgangatho wokhuni, iingxaki zinokuvela ngequbuliso. Oku kuthetha ukuba usenokungazi ukuba i-cholesterol yakho iphezulu de ube nesifo esinzima, esifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye istroke.

Khawucinge nje, kangangeminyaka, ubusoloko Nokuba amazinga akho e-cholesterol aphezulu, usenokungazi. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol rhoqo . Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba une-cholesterol ephezulu (`i-Hyperlipidemia`), oko kungaba luphawu olukhulu kuwe nakugqirha wakho.

Abantu abaninzi bane-cholesterol ephezulu, kwaye yeyona nto iphambili ebangela isifo sentliziyo. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba akufuneki uphile namanqanaba akho e-cholesterol ngonaphakade. Ungazitshintsha . Ukuba uyibona kwangethuba i-cholesterol ephezulu, unethuba elingcono lokufikelela kumanqanaba amahle e-cholesterol ngokwenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kunye nokutya.

Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi ntlobo ze-cholesterol ezijongwayo.

Xa usiya kugqirha, ukuba bakucela ukuba ujonge amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol, baya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Lipid panel' okanye i-'Lipid profile'. Oku kuquka ukuthatha igazi elincinci kumthambo osengalweni yakho ulithumele kwilebhu. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze olu vavanyo, ugqirha uya kukuxelela ukuba uzile ukutya malunga neeyure ezili-12 (ngaphandle kwamanzi). Kufuneka ulandele le miyalelo ngokuchanekileyo.

Kukho iintlobo eziphambili ze-cholesterol ezivavanywayo kolu vavanyo:

• I-cholesterol iyonke: Le yiyo yonke i-cholesterol egazini lakho.
• I-LDL (i-Low-Density Lipoprotein): Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -cholesterol "embi" . Kuba yiyo ehlala kwimithambo yegazi kwaye inegalelo kwizinto ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha.
• I-HDL (i-High-Density Lipoprotein): Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -cholesterol "elungileyo" kuba kunceda ukususa i-cholesterol engafunekiyo emzimbeni.
• IiTriglycerides: Olu lolunye uhlobo lwamafutha afumaneka egazini. Ukuba eli nqanaba liyanda, linyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke.

Xa ingxelo yakho ifika, ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela. Usenokukwazi nokuyibona kwi-intanethi. I-cholesterol ilinganiswa ngeeyunithi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`mg/dL` (ii-milligrams nge-deciliter). Ii-Triglycerides zilinganiswa ngendlela efanayo.

Ngoko ke, kufuneka ibe yintoni i-cholesterol enempilo?

Amanqanaba e-cholesterol asempilweni anokwahluka kancinci kumntu nomntu. Oku kuthetha ukuba anokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, uhlanga, kunye nesini.

Ngokubanzi, kulungile kumntu omdala osempilweni ukuba namanqanaba e-cholesterol aphakathi kwezi zigaba zilandelayo:

• I-Cholesterol iyonke: Inqanaba elingaphantsi kwe-200 mg/dL lelona lilungileyo.
• I-LDL (i-cholesterol embi): Kungcono ukuyigcina ingaphantsi kwe-100 mg/dL. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye izinto ezininzi ezibangela isifo sentliziyo (umz. isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukutshaya), ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba wehlise inqanaba lakho le-LDL liye ngaphantsi kwe-70 mg/dL.
• I-HDL (i-cholesterol elungileyo): Okukhona iphezulu koku, kokukhona ingcono . Ukuba ingaphezulu kwe-60 `mg/dL`, inceda ekukhuseleni kwizifo zentliziyo.
• Ii-Triglycerides: Injongo kukuzigcina zingaphantsi kwe-150 mg/dL.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba inqanaba lakho le-LDL lifanele lehle kwaye inqanaba lakho le-HDL lifanele lenyuke .

Kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwesini kumanqanaba e-HDL. Abafazi abadala kufuneka babe nenqanaba le-HDL ubuncinane eliyi-50 mg/dL. Amadoda kufuneka abe nenqanaba le-HDL ubuncinane eliyi-40 mg/dL.

Ngoko ke, thelekisa amaxabiso akwingxelo yakho nala manqanaba aqhelekileyo. Kodwa, ungaze wenze izigqibo wedwa . Thetha nogqirha wakho kwaye uqonde kakuhle indlela la maxabiso asebenza ngayo kwimeko yakho.

I-cholesterol "iphezulu" ikwinqanaba lini?

Ngokubanzi, inqanaba le-cholesterol iyonke eliyi-200 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu lithathwa njengeliphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bayahlulahlula oku kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nelithi "borderline high" (phakathi kwe-200 kunye ne-239 mg/dL). Oku kwenzelwa ukubona ukuba utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lunokunceda na ekulawuleni ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe unyango.

Umzekelo, inqanaba lakho le-LDL (i-cholesterol embi):

• Ukuba iphakathi kwe-130-159 mg/dL, isenokuwela kuluhlu "oluphezulu kakhulu".
• "Uphezulu" uphakathi kwe-160-189 mg/dL.
• Nantoni na engaphezulu kwe-190 mg/dL "iphezulu kakhulu".

Ukuba ikwizinga elinjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha kwaye ufumane unyango olufunekayo kunye neengcebiso.

Ngaba amanqanaba e-cholesterol angaba phantsi kakhulu okanye aphezulu kakhulu?

Lo ngumbuzo obuzwa ngabantu abaninzi.

• Xa kufikwa kumanqanaba akho e-cholesterol iyonke kunye ne-LDL (i-cholesterol embi) , okukhona iphantsi, kokukhona ingcono . Abaphandi abakafumani mgaqo we-LDL cholesterol othi "awunakwehla ngaphezu koku." Oko kuthetha ukuba nokuba i-LDL yakho iphantsi kangakanani na, ilungile kwimpilo yakho.
• Kodwa xa inqanaba le-HDL (i-cholesterol elungileyo) liphezulu , kokukhona lingcono. Akukho mda uphezulu othi "ayinakunyuka ngaphezu kwale".

Kalula nje,Akukho nto ifanele ixhalatyelwe ukuba i-LDL iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye akukho nto ifanele ixhalatyelwe ukuba i-HDL iphezulu kakhulu – zombini ziimpawu ezilungileyo!

Ufanele uhlolwe kangaphi i-cholesterol yakho?

Oku kukwayinto eyahlukayo kumntu nomntu. Ugqirha wakho nguye omele akuxelele ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe kangaphi. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela oku:

• Ubudala: Njengoko ukhula, kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo.
• Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho olusondeleyo (umama, utata, abantakwenu noodadewabo) unesifo sentliziyo, i-cholesterol ephezulu, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, okanye isifo sohlangothi, nawe usemngciphekweni omkhulu. Ngoko ke kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo.
• Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo: Ukuba sele unesifo sentliziyo, okanye ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko ezifana nesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukutshaya, okanye ukutyeba kakhulu, kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo.
• Isini: Amadoda acetyiswa rhoqo ukuba aye kuhlolwa rhoqo esemncinci.

Abantwana badla ngokuhlolwa i-cholesterol yabo okokuqala phakathi kweminyaka eli-9 neli-11. Emva koko, malunga neminyaka emi-5. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho oye waba neengxaki ze-cholesterol okanye isifo sentliziyo esemncinci, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba i-cholesterol yomntwana ihlolwe esemncinci nangakumbi.

Ingcebiso ngokubanzi enikwa abantu abadala yile ilandelayo:

• Ukuba ungumntu osempilweni ophakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-39 ubudala , mhlawumbi kuya kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwengama-6.
• Emva kweminyaka engama-40-45 ubudala , licebo elihle ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo (mhlawumbi kanye ngonyaka okanye emibini), ingakumbi ukuba uneempawu ezinobungozi ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla.
• Abafazi , ingakumbi emva kokuya exesheni, kufuneka banikele ingqalelo engakumbi kumanqanaba abo e-cholesterol.

Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha wakho umbuze ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe kangaphi, nto leyo ikulungeleyo.

Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukwazi amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol kunokukunceda uqonde umngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo. Kodwa khumbula, la maxabiso e-cholesterol achaza inxalenye enye yebali . Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga nezinye iinkalo zempilo yakho (ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi, amanqanaba eswekile, ubunzima, kunye nendlela yokuphila) ukuze amisele umngcipheko wakho uphela.

Ngoko ke, ukuba amaxabiso akho engxelo ye-cholesterol angaphaya komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo, musa ukoyika ngoko nangoko .

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze uqonde kakuhle ukuba ezo mpawu zihambelana njani nempilo yakho iyonke kunye noko kufuneka ukwenze. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo (ukutya okunempilo, umthambo) kwaye mhlawumbi namayeza anokunceda ukubuyisela amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala ugxile koku kwaye ulandele icebiso likagqirha wakho.

"I-cholesterol, isifo sentliziyo, i-LDL cholesterol, i-HDL cholesterol, i-triglycerides, uvavanyo lwegazi, indlela yokuphila esempilweni