Ngaba ubona amabala amnyama okanye iintambo ezidada phambi kwamehlo akho? Ngaba ubona ukukhanya? Masifunde ngePosterior Vitreous Detachment!

Molo! Ngaba wakha wawabona amachaphaza amnyama amancinci, izinto ezifana newebhu yesigcawu , okanye izinto ezincinci ezifana neenwele zintanta phambi kwamehlo akho? Ngamanye amaxesha unokubona nokukhanya okuphuma kwikona yeliso lakho, akunjalo? Ezi zinokuba ziphazamisa kakhulu. Abantu abaninzi bayayoyika le nto. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukhe waba nale nto, masithethe namhlanje malunga nokuba yintoni ebangela oku, ingaba iyingozi, kwaye yintoni enokwenziwa. Imeko esiza kuthetha ngayo yiPosterior Vitreous Detachment , okanye iPVD ngamafutshane.

Yintoni le 'Posterior Vitreous Detachment'?

Ngamafutshane, iliso lethu lifana nebhola encinci. Ngaphakathi kweli bhola kuzaliswe yinto efana nejeli . Siyibiza ngokuba yijeli ye-vitreous . Le jeli yiyo enika iliso imo yalo engqukuva kwaye ikhusela izinto ezibuthathaka ngaphakathi kweliso. Ngasemva kweliso kukho umaleko wemithambo-luvo obhityileyo nonobuthathaka. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-retina . Isebenza njengefilimu ekwikhamera. Imifanekiso esiyibonayo yenziwa xa ukukhanya kuwela kule retina.

Ngoku, i-PVD kuxa ijeli ye-vitreous engaphakathi kweliso incipha kancinci kancinci, incipha , ize yahlukane ne-retina engasemva kwayo. Yicinge njengento efana nejeli encipha kwaye yahlukana kancinci kancinci nodonga. Le yinkqubo yendalo edla ngokwenzeka njengoko sikhula.

Xa le jeli yahlukana ne-retina, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, izithunzi ezimnyama, ezingwevu, amachaphaza amancinci, nezinto ezifana neempethu ziqala ukudada phambi kwamehlo. Abanye abantu banokubona nokukhanya kwikona yeliso labo. Kungathatha malunga neeveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu ukuba le jeli yahlukane ngokupheleleyo ne-retina. Ukuba uqala ukubona amabala anje okokuqala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wamehlo.

Zithini izigaba ze-PVD?

Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-``(PVD)`` ayenzeki ngaxeshanye. Ijeli iphela kancinci kancinci ngamanqanaba aliqela. Le yinkqubo yendalo eyenzeka ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kukho amanqanaba amane aphambili:

• Inqanaba loku-1: Ijeli engaphakathi kweliso lakho iqala ukukhululeka kancinci kwi -macula (inxalenye ye-retina esinceda sibone ngokucacileyo nangokubukhali), eyona nxalenye iphambili yeliso. Kodwa isanamathele kumngxuma omncinci embindini we-macula obizwa ngokuba yi-fovea , onika umbono obukhali kakhulu.
• Inqanaba lesi-2:Ngoku ijeli isuka kancinci embindini we-fovea, kodwa isenokuba inamathele kwindawo encinci kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-foveola (ekwakumbindi we-fovea).
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Kweli nqanaba, ijeli isuke ngokupheleleyo kwi-macula, kodwa i-optic nerve, ethwala ulwazi lokukhanya kunye nemifanekiso ukusuka elisweni ukuya ebuchotsheni, isanamathele.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: Kulapho ijeli isuswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-macula nakwi-optic nerve. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -PVD epheleleyo .

Ukwazi la manqanaba ngqo kusenokungabalulekanga kangako kuwe, kodwa kuya kunceda ugqirha aqonde imeko yakho.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-PVD?

Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kunokuba ucinga. Esi sisimo esixhaphakileyo esichaphazela abantu abaninzi, kwaye senzeka njengoko bekhula. Izibalo zibonisa ukuba malunga nabantu abangama-66 kwabayi-100 abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-66 nengama-86 ubudala banesi sifo. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ukuba esi sisifo esibi esichaphazela wena kuphela.

Zithini iimpawu ze-PVD?

Njengoko besikhe sathetha ngayo ngaphambili, kukho iimpawu eziphambili ze-PVD:

• Ukubona izinto ezidada phambi kwamehlo (`(Floaters)`): Olu luphawu oluphambili abantu abaninzi abaluxelayo. Abanye bathi ezi zifana nezinambuzane ezincinci, iintambo zesigcawu, iinwele, okanye uthuli. Ngamanye amaxesha zinokubonakala zikwimo engqukuva okanye ende. Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bazibiza ezi ``(Weiss rings)`` . Ezi ziyacaphukisa kakhulu xa zihambahamba, akunjalo?
• Ukukhanya okukhanyayo : Abanye abantu banokubona ngequbuliso ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwikona yeliso labo, njengokukhanya okukhanyayo kwikhamera. Oku kudla ngokubonakala kwikona yeliso labo. Kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke kwiindawo ezimnyama. Oku kukhanya kubangelwa yijeli ephuma kwi-retina njengoko yahlukana.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ingcali yamehlo ngokukhawuleza ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, nokuba zintsha okanye ziyanda, kuba ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu zesimo esibi kakhulu.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi mpawu ziyancipha kancinci kancinci kwaye emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, ingqondo yakho iyaqhela kwaye ayikukhathazi kangako.

Yintoni ebangela i-PVD?

Xa sisebancinci, njengakwiminyaka yethu yama-20, amehlo ethu anejeli engqindilili necacileyo ngaphakathi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-vitreous humor.Oko kukuthi. Ngokuchanekileyo, i-99% yayo ngamanzi, okuseleyo zizinto ezifana ne-`(collagen)` kunye ne-`(hyaluronic acid)`. Njengoko sikhula, ubungakanani bamanzi kule jeli buyanda, kwaye ezo `(collagen)` ziyaqhekeka, kwaye ijeli iqala ukuba lulwelo. Emva koko, kuba ingenabo obo bukhulu, ijeli iyancipha ngokuzenzekelayo ize yahlukane ne-`(retina)`. Oku kufana nebhaluni endala enciphayo xa umoya ukhutshwa.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-PVD?

Ekubeni oku kuyinxalenye yendalo yokwaluphala, kunqabile kakhulu kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuba bakufumane. Kudla ngokubonakala ngakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-50. Amathuba okuba bakufumane ayanda njengoko iminyaka ikhula.

Kwakhona, ukuba elinye iliso lifumana i-PVD, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba elinye iliso nalo liza kuba nalo kwiminyaka emibini ezayo.

Ukongeza, ezinye izinto zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana i-PVD:

• Kwabo bangaboni kakuhle (Myopia) . Oko kukuthi, abo banokubona kakuhle kufutshane kodwa kungekhona kude.
• Kwabo banesifo seswekile (`( Diabetes Mellitus)`) .
• Kwabo bakha benzakala kakhulu emehlweni ngaphambili .
• Kwabo bakhe benza utyando lwamehlo (umzekelo, utyando lwe-cataract ).

Ngaba i-PVD ingabangela ukulahleka kokubona?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. I-PVD ayidli ngokuba buhlungu . Kwakhona, i-PVD yodwa ayibangeli ukulahleka kokubona.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, xa loo jeli iphuma kwi-retina, inokutsalwa nzima kakhulu kwaye kunokubakho iingxaki . Kulapho umbono unokuchaphazeleka khona.

Ngethamsanqa, ezi ngxaki zenzeka kubantu abangaphantsi kwe-15 kwabayi-100 abane-PVD. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abaninzi bane-PVD ngaphandle kweengxaki, kwaye iimpawu ziyaphela ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iingxaki eziphambili ezinokwenzeka zezi:

• Ukukrazula kwe-retinal : Xa ijeli iphuma, i-retina inokolulwa ize ikrazuke.
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina : Ukukrazuka kwi-retina, okuvumela ulwelo ukuba luvuze ngokukrazuka, kwaye i-retina inokwahlukana ngokupheleleyo nezicubu ezingaphantsi. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo kwaye ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.
• Umngxuma kwi-macula (`(Umngxuma we-macular)`) : Njengoko besitshilo, umngxuma unokwenziwa kwi-`(macula)`, eyona ndawo ibukhali yokubona.
• I-Macular pucker (okanye i-epiretinal membrane) : I-membrane encinci yenzeka phezu kwe-macula, iyinciphise ize ibangele ukubona okungalunganga.

Yiyo loo nto sisithi masiye kugqirha xa uqala ukubona iimpawu ze-PVD. Emva koko singajonga naziphi na iingxaki ezinje.

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani i-PVD?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-PVD, kuya kufuneka ubone ingcali yamehlo (ingcali yamehlo okanye ingcali yamehlo) ngoko nangoko . Iya kuhlola amehlo akho ngononophelo.

Uvavanyo oluphambili luvavanyo lweliso oluvulelekileyo . Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha ufaka amathontsi athile elisweni lakho aze avule iliso lomfundi. Oku kumvumela ukuba abone i-retina, i-optic nerve, kunye ne-vitreous gel ngaphakathi kweliso lakho. Usebenzisa ukukhanya okukhethekileyo kunye neelensi ukwenza oku. Olu vavanyo alubuhlungu kakhulu, kodwa ungaziva uvakalelwa kancinci emva kokuba amathontsi efakwe, kwaye umbono wakho unokuba lufifi kancinci kangangeeyure ezimbalwa.

Amaxesha amaninzi, njengaxa kukho igazi elincinci elisweni, kwaye ukuba ugqirha akakwazi ukubona kakuhle ingaphakathi leliso, angenza i-ultrasound yamehlo . Oku akunantlungu. Kusebenzisa amaza esandi aqhelekileyo ukujonga ngaphakathi kweliso.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-PVD?

Le yingxaki ebachaphazela abantu abaninzi. Ukuba akukho ngxaki, i-PVD ayifuni naluphi na unyango olukhethekileyo. Kuba yinto eqhelekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuze uphephe iingxaki ezivela kwi-PVD, kungcono ukuba uhlolwe amehlo xa uqala ukubona iimpawu, kwaye ukuba ugqirha wakho ucebisa, wenze olunye uvavanyo kwiiveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukulandelelana .

Ngexesha lovavanyo lwesibini, ugqirha ukhangela izinto ezininzi. Enye kukubona ukuba kukho into engakhange ibonwe xa kwafunyaniswa ukuba une-PVD. Eyesibini kukubona ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ezintsha eziye zavela. Umzekelo, ukukrazuka kwe-retina kusenokwenzeka ukuba bekungekho ngexesha lovavanyo lokuqala, kodwa kunokuvela kamva. Ukuba kukho, kunokunyangeka ngokukhawuleza.

Utyando lwe-floaters alufane lwenziwe, njengoko kukho iingozi ezibandakanyekayo (umz., usulelo, i-cataracts, i-retinal detachment). Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, ukuba ii-floaters ziphazamisa kakhulu kangangokuba azikwazi ukusebenza imihla ngemihla, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-vitrectomy inokwenziwa ukuze kususwe ijeli. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukubonisana nogqirha we-vitreoretinal , ugqirha we-diet ogxile kwi-retina nakwi-eyeball, ngaphambi kokuba enze njalo.

Ngaba akukho ndlela yokuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwe-PVD?

Ngelishwa, akukho ndlela yokuthintela i-PVD. Yinto yendalo yokwaluphala, njengokuba iinwele zethu zijika zibe ngwevu okanye ulusu lwethu lube nemibimbi.

Kodwa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza kukuba, ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olutsha kumbono wakho,(Umzekelo: Ngokungazeleleki ubona izinto ezininzi ezidadayo, ubona ukukhanya okuninzi, uzive ngathi inxalenye yombono wakho igqunywe sisikrini esimnyama) Kubalulekile ukwazisa ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho ezinye izifo zamehlo, kwaye ukuba kukho iingxaki, unyango lunokuqaliswa ngokukhawuleza.

Liyintoni ikamva lomntu one-PVD?

Abantu abane-PVD badla ngokwenza imisebenzi yabo yesiqhelo ngaphandle kweengxaki. Akukho ngxaki kwizinto ezifana nokuqhuba, ukufunda, okanye ukusebenza kwikhompyutha.

Nangona le meko ingapheli, ii-floaters kunye ne-flashes zinokuncipha kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha, ekugqibeleni zingabonakali ngokupheleleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ingqondo yakho iyaqhela kancinci kancinci ii-floaters kwaye ifunde ukuzityeshela.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba i-PVD ivele kwelinye iliso kungekapheli nonyaka okanye emibini emva kokuba i-PVD iqalile. Ukuba iimpawu zivele kwelinye iliso, elo liso kufuneka lihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kukrazuka kwe-retina.

Uninzi lwabantu alubi neengxaki ezifana nokukrazuka kwe-retinal. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo ukuqinisekisa ukuba awunaso isifo esibi kakhulu.

Ngaba kukho into endinokuyenza ukunciphisa ukubonakala kwezi zinto zidadayo ekhaya?

Nangona kungekho nyango luthile lwe-PVD, ezi zinto zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ukungonwabi kwee-floaters kunye ne-flashes ezihambisana nayo:

• Kancinci kancinci nyusa amehlo akho phezulu, ezantsi, ecaleni kwelinye icala, uze wenze izangqa. Mhlawumbi i-floater iya kusuka apho ujonge khona ngqo.
• Nciphisa ukukhanya kwezikrini ezifana neefowuni eziphathwayo, iikhompyutha kunye neeTV. Oku kunokunciphisa ukubonakala kwee-floaters.
• Sebenzisa iiglasi zamehlo ezichazwe ngugqirha wakho ngokufanelekileyo.
• Nxiba iiglasi zelanga kwiindawo ezikhanyiswe kakuhle, ingakumbi xa uphuma elangeni. Oku kunokunciphisa ukubonakala kwee-floaters.

Nangona ezi zisenokungabi luncedo kangako, zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ukungonwabi kancinci.

Ngaba i-PVD yimeko enzima kakhulu?

Igama elithi ``Posterior Vitreous Detachment'' linokuba loyikisa kancinci. Kodwa ngethamsanqa, le ayisiyongxaki yamehlo imbi ngokwayo. Yinkqubo yendalo eyenzeka njengoko sikhula. Abantu abadala abangaphezu kwesiqingatha kumazwe afana ne-United States bayayibona le meko.

Nangona le meko ngokwayo ingeyongozi kangako, iingxaki ezinokubangela yona zinokuba yingozi kakhulu. Ukuba kwenzeka into efana nokukrazuka kwe-retinal okanye ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal esithethe ngayo, kufuneka unyango olukhawulezileyo, okanye ungalahlekelwa yimbono yakho ngonaphakade.

Ngoko ke, ukuba uneempawu ze-PVD, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nengcali yamehlo ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho into enzulu ngakumbi, okanye ukuba kufuneka inyangwe. Ungakhathazeki, uninzi lwexesha yinto elula.

Ngoko ke zeziphi izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule koku?

Kulungile, masishwankathele into ekufuneka uyikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• (PVD) kukwahlukana kwejeli engaphakathi kweliso kwi-retina njengoko sikhula. Oku kuqhelekile kakhulu kwaye akukho nto ixhalabisayo.
• Ukuba ubona amabala amnyama, okanye ukukhanya okukhanyayo phambi kwamehlo akho, ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu ze-PVD.
• Ukuba ezi mpawu zibonakala ngequbuliso, zintsha, okanye ukuba ziyanda, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wamehlo. Nangona i-PVD ingelona bungozi, ngamanye amaxesha inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu, ezifana nokukrazuka kwe-retina.
• Ngokwesiqhelo, i-PVD ayifuni naluphi na unyango olukhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo olulandelayo njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele ukuze kuhlolwe naziphi na iingxaki.
• Ezi mpawu ziya kuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ingqondo yakho iya kuziqhela. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba nomonde kwaye ungoyiki.
• Luxanduva lwakho ukunyamekela amehlo akho! Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu, ungalibali ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.