Masifunde ngokuhlolwa komhlaza wemiphunga!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba singaba nomhlaza emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kweempawu? Enyanisweni, umhlaza wemiphunga sisifo esingathethiyo. Uninzi lwexesha, kunokuba sekwephuzile xa iimpawu zibonakala. Kodwa, ungakhathazeki! Kukho isisombululo esilungileyo koku. Oko kukuhlolwa komhlaza wemiphunga.

Ngamafutshane, iLung Cancer Screening yi -CT scan (LDCT) enesilinganiselo esiphantsi esenziwa kube kanye ngonyaka. Iyakwazi ukubona nokuba ziingceba ezincinci ngaphakathi emiphungeni yakho ezinokuba ngumhlaza, nokuba zisencinci. I-LDCT scan ithatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yangaphakathi emiphungeni yakho. I-Screening luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo okanye uvavanyo lokufota olwenziwayo ukufumanisa ukuba unesifo na ngaphambi kokuba ube nazo naziphi na iimpawu.

Usenokuba ucinga, "Kutheni ndifanele ndivavanyelwe umhlaza ukuba andinazo iingxaki?" Kodwa umhlaza wemiphunga uhlala uneempawu ezimbalwa kwizigaba zawo zokuqala, xa kulula ukunyanga. Umhlaza wemiphunga udla ngokufunyaniswa xa isifo sihambele phambili. Ngelo xesha, amathuba okusinda aphantsi.

Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo okanye uyeke ukutshaya kwisithuba seminyaka eli-15, licebo elihle ukuqala ukuvavanywa xa uneminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Nangona nabani na enokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga, abantu abatshayayo kunye nabo batshayayo basengozini enkulu.

Ngubani omele acinge nzulu ngokuhlolwa komhlaza wemiphunga?

Oogqirha bacebisa ukuba wenze i-CT scan enesilinganiselo esiphantsi rhoqo ngonyaka ukuba uhlangabezana nazo zonke ezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

• Ukuba uneminyaka ephakathi kwama-50 nama-80 ubudala.
• Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo ngoku, okanye ukuba sele kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 ukususela oko wayeka ukutshaya.
• Ukuba unembali yokutshaya ubuncinane iminyaka engama-20.

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, "Yintoni 'unyaka wepakethi'?" Kulungile, mandikuchaze ngokulula. Kubalwa ngokuphindaphinda inani leepakethi zecuba ozitshayayo ngosuku (kukho iicuba ezingama-20 kwipakethi) ngenani leminyaka oyitshayileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba utshaye ipakethi enye ngosuku iminyaka engama-20, leyo yimbali 'yonyaka wepakethi ezingama-20'. Okanye, ukuba utshaye iipakethi ezimbini ngosuku iminyaka eli-10, leyo yimbali 'yonyaka wepakethi ezingama-20'. Ukuba unengxaki yokubala oku ngqo, ungakhathazeki. Buza ugqirha wakho, angakunceda.

Ezi zikhokelo zenziwe liqela leengcali zempilo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) . Zisekelwe kwizifundo zamva nje zokuhlola umhlaza wemiphunga.

Olu vavanyo lomhlaza wemiphunga lusebenza njani?

Oku kulula kakhulu. Uvavanyo lomhlaza wemiphunga lubandakanya ukuthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi esifubeni sakho. Le mifanekiso yodwa ayinakukuxelela ukuba "lo ngumhlaza." Nangona kunjalo, le mifanekiso ingabonisa amaqhuma amancinci ('ubuninzi'). Emva koko baya kuhlolwa ngakumbi ukuze kubonwe ukuba banomhlaza okanye akunjalo.

Ufanele uzilungiselele njani ngaphambi kovavanyo?

Akufuneki amalungiselelo akhethekileyo oku (i-Lung Cancer Screening CT scan). Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba unemiyalelo ekhethekileyo kuwe. Kungcono ukunxiba impahla engagugiyo kunye nobucwebe obuncinci. Ukuba uneengxaki zempilo, ingakumbi iingxaki zokuphefumla, xelela abasebenzi kwindawo yovavanyo okanye ugqirha wakho kwangaphambili. Basenokukwazi ukucwangcisa olunye usuku lovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zichanekile kangangoko.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo?

Nantsi into eyenzekayo ngexesha lokuhlolwa komhlaza wemiphunga:

• Ingcali eyenza iskeni iya kukucela ukuba ususe naziphi na izacholo, iiwotshi, okanye ezinye izinto zesinyithi. Ungacelwa ukuba unxibe ilokhwe eqala esinqeni ukuya phezulu.
• Uza kulaliswa ebhedini eza kungena kwiskena.
• Emva koko ibhedi ingena kancinci kancinci kumatshini wokuskena, ofana netyhubhu okanye idonathi.
• Njengoko iskena sijikeleza ngeenxa zonke kuwe, ibhedi inokuhambahamba isiya phambili ngelixa umatshini uthatha imifanekiso.
• Ngexesha lokuskena, ingcali ngamanye amaxesha iya kukuxelela ukuba uphefumle, okanye uphefumle ngaphandle, uze ubambe umphefumlo wakho okwethutyana. Kufuneka uzame ukwenza ezo zinto kangangoko unako.
• Ingcali ayizukuba nawe ngaphakathi kwigumbi lokuskena. Endaweni yoko, iza kuhlala ngaphandle ize ithethe nawe ngemakrofoni. Ngoko ke akukho nto yokoyika.
• Emva kokuba ugqirha ethathe zonke iifoto azifunayo, ibhedi iya kuphuma kwisikena. Emva koko ungavuka.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo?

Akukho miyalelo ikhethekileyo ekufuneka uyilandele emva kokwenza olu vavanyo (LDCT). Ungenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla njengesiqhelo.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi ngolu vavanyo?

Ewe, njengayo yonke enye into, kukho iingozi ezincinci ezibandakanyekayo. Masibone ukuba zithini:

• Izinto ezingezizo ezilungileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iskeni sinokufumana into ethile emiphungeni yakho efana nomhlaza, kodwa ayingomhlaza ngokwenene. Umzekelo, amaqhuma amaninzi amancinci emiphungeni yakho (amaqhuma eempumlo) awanabungozi. Kodwa kufuneka wenze uvavanyo oluthe kratya, mhlawumbi notyando, ngaphambi kokuba wazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba into ethile ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo, kunokuba yingxaki kancinci, akunjalo?
• Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ithumba elifunyenwe ngokuhlolwa alinakubangela iimpawu kwaye alinakusasazeka. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba kusafuneka linyangwe.
• Ukuvezwa kwimitha. Ubungakanani bemitha obufumanayo kwi-scan ye-computed tomography (LDCT) yedosi ephantsi buncinci kakhulu. Kodwa ayisiyi-zero. Ukuqhubeka nokuvezwa kwimitha kunokunyusa kancinci umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba idosi yemitha enikiweyo iphantsi kakhulu.

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa oogqirha besenza ezi scan ukuze bajonge umhlaza wemiphunga, bafumana ezinye iimeko (iziphumo ezingalindelekanga) ababengazilindelanga. Umzekelo , imeko efana neCOPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) okanye into efana neqhuma lebele. Ezinye zezi ziphumo ezingalindelekanga zinokufuna unyango. Kodwa ayizizo zonke ezifuna unyango. Zinokukhokelela nakwiimvavanyo ezingeyomfuneko kunye noxinzelelo.

Ngoko ke zithini iingenelo zokuthatha olu vavanyo?

Kukho iingenelo ezininzi zokuhlola umhlaza wemiphunga nge-CT scan yedosi ephantsi, okanye i-LDCT:

• Oogqirha banokubona neethumba ezincinci kakhulu nge-CT scan, xa kuthelekiswa ne-X-ray yesifuba eqhelekileyo. Izifundo ezisebenzisa i-X-ray eqhelekileyo ukukhangela umhlaza wemiphunga zibonisa ukuba ayisebenzi kakuhle ekufumaneni umhlaza kwangethuba okanye ukwandisa ukusinda njenge-LDCT.
• Idosi yemitha esetyenziswa kwiskeni ye-computed tomography (LDCT) enedosi ephantsi iphantsi kakhulu kuneskeni ye-computed tomography (CT) eqhelekileyo.

Sizifumana njani iziphumo zengxelo yovavanyo?

Ingcali ye-X-ray kunye nogqirha wakho baza kuhlola iiskeni zakho baze bakunike ingxelo eneziphumo. Ingxelo yakho yovavanyo lomhlaza wemiphunga ingabandakanya iinkcukacha ezifana nezi:

• Ayinabungozi. Oko kuthetha ukuba ababonanga nto kwiskeni yakho ebonakala ngathi isenokuba ngumhlaza.
• Intle. Oku kubhekisa kumaqhuqhuva angabonakali njengomhlaza. Oko kuthetha ukuba akukho nto ifanele ixhalatyelwe.
• ``Mhlawumbi ayinobungozi`` ibhekisa kwiithumba ezingabonakali ngathi zingumhlaza, kodwa kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe umfanekiso olandelayo ukuqinisekisa.
• Kuyarhaneleka. La ngamaqhuma abonakala ngathi anokuba ngumhlaza. Kuya kufuneka wenze umfanekiso othe kratya kwaye mhlawumbi wenze i-biopsy.
• Kuyarhaneleka kakhulu. La ngamaqhuma abonakala ngathi ngumhlaza. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka wenze umfanekiso othe kratya kunye ne-biopsy. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuthumela kwingcali yomhlaza wemiphunga (ingcali yomhlaza).
• ``Ibalulekile okanye inokuba negalelo``. Ingcali ye-radiology inokuthi ``ibalulekile`` okanye ``inokuba negalelo`` ngento abayibonayo engengomhlaza kodwa inokufuna umfanekiso okanye uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo.
• Ayiphelelanga.Oku kuthetha ukuba abakwazi ukutolika iskeni sakho ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba unosulelo lwemiphunga, okanye kuba bafuna ukuluthelekisa neskeni yangaphambili. Kuya kufuneka uphinde uskeniwe kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

Kudla ngokuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo?

Ixesha elithathwayo ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lomhlaza wemiphunga linokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Ukuba ufuna ukulandelwa, ugqirha wakho uhlala ekufowunela kungekudala. Ngaphandle koko, kungathatha naphi na ukusuka kusuku ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungalindela nini iziphumo.

Ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga, yintoni oyenzayo emva koko?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngeziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lomhlaza wemiphunga. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, amanyathelo alandelayo onokuwathatha anokuquka:

• Olunye uvavanyo (i-LDCT) kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu.
• I-CT scan yokuxilonga iyenziwa njengolandelelwano.
• Ukwenza i-PET/CT scan.
• Ukudibana nengcali yomhlaza (`ugqirha we-oncologist`).
• Bona ingcali yezifo zemiphunga (ukuba uneengxaki zokuphefumla ezingezizo ezomhlaza) okanye omnye ugqirha wezifo zemiphunga.

Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha wam nini?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga kwaye ungafaneleka kolu vavanyo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga ne-CT scan yedosi ephantsi okanye iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho, ungathandabuzi ukubuza.

Ndingayeka nini ukwenza olu vavanyo?

Ukuba kukho nayiphi na kwezi zinto ezikukhathazayo, ungaphoswa kuvavanyo lwakho lomhlaza wemiphunga lwaminyaka le:

• Ukuba uneminyaka engama-81 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu.
• Ukuba ubutshaya iminyaka eli-15 nangaphezulu, umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga uyancipha njengoko ixesha lihamba ukusukela oko watshaya icuba okokugqibela.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukwenza utyando lomhlaza wemiphunga okwinqanaba lokuqala ngenxa yemeko yempilo, okanye ukuba awufuni ukwenza njalo.

Ngaba kufanelekile ngokwenene ukufumana olu vavanyo lomhlaza wemiphunga?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Ngokuvavanywa umhlaza wemiphunga, unokuba nethuba elikhulu lokuwufumana kwangethuba, xa unganyangeka. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-50% abantu abahlolwayo minyaka le (malunga nomnye kwabababini) bafumanisa umhlaza wabo wemiphunga kwangethuba. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nama-28% kuphela abantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga abafunyaniswa kwangethuba kwangethuba.

Oko kuthetha ukuba unokucinga ngokusindisa ubomi ngolu hlobo lovavanyo!

Ngaba kukho iimvavanyo ezinokubona umhlaza wemiphunga egazini?

Hayi, okwangoku akukho vavanyo lwegazi olunokufumanisa okanye oluxilonga umhlaza wemiphunga.

Okokugqibela, ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Umhlaza wemiphunga luxilongo olunzima. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana uvavanyo lomhlaza wemiphunga minyaka le sisixhobo esinamandla sokubhaqwa kwangethuba kunye neendlela zonyango ezisebenzayo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza wemiphunga na kunye nokuba ufanele na ulufumane olu vavanyo. Lungakunceda usindise ubomi bakho.

Khumbula, ukuba uyatshaya, akukabi lixesha lokuba uyeke. Ukuyeka ukutshaya yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga. Kufanelekile ukuzama ukuyeka ukutshaya kwangoko nje ukuba uqaphe olu vavanyo.

Umhlaza wemiphunga, uhlolo lomhlaza, i-CT scan, ukutshaya, impilo, uthintelo, i-LDC, uhlolo, umhlaza, imiphunga