Ngaba unengxaki yenyongo? Masithethe ngeHIDA Scan!

Ngaba wakha waziva iintlungu kwicala eliphezulu lasekunene lesisu sakho? Okanye ngaba ugqirha ukuxelele ukuba unengxaki ethile ngenyongo yakho? Ngelo xesha, usenokuba uceliwe ukuba wenze i-'HIDA scan' (Hepatobiliary Immunodiacetic Acid Scan). Ngoko ke, usenokuba noloyiko xa usiva oku, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale 'HIDA scan' ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni iskeni yeHIDA?

Ngamafutshane, i-HIDA scan luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olujonga indlela esebenza ngayo inyongo yakho. Kule nto, kufakwa ikhemikhali encinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-radioactive tracer emzimbeni wakho. Emva koko, kusetyenziswa ikhamera ekhethekileyo ukujonga indlela ehamba ngayo emzimbeni wakho. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa kwicandelo lezonyango lenyukliya lesibhedlele.

Ukucacisa okungakumbi, olu `vavanyo lwe-HIDA' lujonga indlela inyongo ehamba ngayo isuka esibindini sakho iye emathunjini akho amancinci. Le ndlela yenyongo siyibiza ngokuba yi-'biliary system'.

Cinga nje, isibindi sakho senza olu lwelo lokugaya ukutya olubizwa ngokuba yi-bile. Le bile isinceda ukuba sigaye amafutha ekutyeni esikutyayo. Emva koko, i-bile eyenziwayo ihamba ngeetyhubhu ezikhethekileyo (ii-biliary ducts) ize igcinwe kwi-gallbladder. I-gallbladder sisingxobo esincinci esiphantsi kwesibindi sakho, kwicala lasekunene, kufutshane neembambo zakho ezisezantsi. Xa usitya, le nyongo iyafinyela (iyacina) ize ithumele i-bile egcinwe kuyo ngemibhobho iye kwinxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu akho amancinci (i-duodenum), ukunceda ekugayeni amafutha.

Ngaba uyaqonda ngoku? Ukuba kukho ingxaki encinci kule nkqubo, unokubona iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Kulapho ke olu `vavanyo lwe-HIDA` lunokunceda ekufumaneni unobangela. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`cholescintigraphy` kunye ne-`hepatobiliary scintigraphy`.

Zeziphi izifo ezinokufunyaniswa nge-HIDA scan?

Oogqirha basebenzisa olu `vavanyo lwe-HIDA` ukufumanisa nokuvavanya ubungakanani bezi meko:

• I-Acute cholecystitis: Le yimeko efika ngequbuliso. Usenokuba neentlungu eziqatha kwicala eliphezulu lasekunene lesisu sakho kunye neempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Ngokuqhelekileyo (malunga ne-90%) ibangelwa ngamatye enyongo avala umbhobho wenyongo.
• I-cholecystitis engapheliyo: Kulapho inyongo yakho ivuvukala kwaye idumbe rhoqo. Intlungu ayibi nkulu kangako kunakwinqanaba elikhawulezileyo, kodwa ukungakhululeki kunokufika kuphinde kuphele. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa ngamatye enyongo avala inyongo (i-cystic duct).
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-sphincter ye-Oddi: Oku kwenzeka xa i-sphincter ye-Oddi, isihlunu esisebenza njengesango le-bile kunye nejusi ye-pancreatic (ii-enzymes), ingavuli kakuhle. Oku kubangela ukuphuma kweejusi zokugaya ukutya. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu eziqatha.
• I-Biliary atresia:Le yimeko eyenzeka kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. Ithintela ukuhamba kwenyongo ukusuka kwisibindi somntwana ukuya emathunjini amancinci. Le yimbangela enkulu, kodwa engaqhelekanga, yenyongo kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. Ukuba oku akulungiswa ngotyando kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu zokuqala zobomi, kunokubangela umonakalo kwisibindi.
• Ukuvuza kwenyongo: Kulapho inyongo iphuma khona kwimibhobho yenyongo. Xa oku kusenzeka, izicwili ezijikelezileyo zinokudumba, zibe buhlungu, kwaye zide zosuleleke. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo emva kotyando lokususwa kwenyongo, ukwenzakala, okanye ukufakelwa isibindi.

Udinga nini i-HIDA scan?

Oogqirha bacebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-HIDA scan ukujonga iingxaki kwiiseli zesibindi, inkqubo ye-biliary, kunye ne-gallbladder. Ugqirha angayalela i-HIDA scan ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu:

• Iintlungu eziqatha zesisu, ingakumbi kwicala lasekunene: Oku kusenokuba ngenxa yokudumba ngequbuliso kwenyongo (i-cholecystitis). Esi sesona sizathu siqhelekileyo sokwenziwa kwe-HIDA scan.
• Intlungu okanye umkhuhlane emva kotyando oluthile: Ukuba ukhe watyandwa ukususwa kwenyongo, utyando oluphezulu lwesisu, okanye ukufakelwa isibindi, unokufuna i-HIDA scan ukuba unomkhuhlane kunye nentlungu emva koko.
• I-jaundice ebuhlungu kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa: Oku kunokubangelwa yimeko esongela ubomi ebizwa ngokuba yi-biliary atresia.

Kwakhona, ukuba une-biliary stent efakwe kwi-bile duct yakho, ungenza i-HIDA scan ukuze ubone ukuba isebenza kakuhle na. I-biliary stent yityhubhu encinci, engenanto efakwa kwi-bile duct yakho ukuze ihlale ivulekile ukuba ivaliwe. Ukuba ukhe wafakelwa isibindi, ungenza ii-HIDA scan ezininzi ukuze ubone ukuba isibindi sakho sisebenza njani emva kotyando.

Ngubani owenza i-HIDA scan?

Kukho iingcali zonyango ezintathu ezibandakanyekayo ekwenzeni i-HIDA scan. Zinceda ekuseteni izixhobo zokuskena, zilawule amayeza e-radiopharmaceuticals, kwaye zitolike iziphumo zeskeni. Nazi:

• Ugqirha ochwephesha kwi-'nuclear medicine' okanye 'i-nuclear radiology'.
• Ingcali yenyukliya.
• Ingcali yefiziksi yezonyango.

Isebenza njani i-HIDA scan?

I-HIDA scan (i-hepatobiliary immunodiacetic acid scan) isebenzisa inani elincinci lezinto ezine-radioactive ezibizwa ngokuba yi-radiopharmaceuticals okanye ii-radiotracers. Oku kudla ngokujovwa emthanjeni wakho.

Le 'radiotracer' emva koko idlula kwisibindi sakho, inyongo, kunye namathumbu amancinci. Le 'radiotracer' ikhupha uhlobo lwamandla olubizwa ngokuba yi-'gamma rays'. Iikhamera ezikhethekileyo ziyawabona la mandla, kwaye ikhompyutha iyawasebenzisa ukwenza imifanekiso ecacileyo yendlela amalungu akho kunye nezicubu ezisebenza ngayo.

Ndingayilungiselela njani i-HIDA scan?

Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunika imiyalelo ethile malunga nendlela yokulungiselela i-HIDA scan. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela loo miyalelo ngokuchanekileyo. Nantsi isikhokelo esiqhelekileyo sokulungiselela:

• Ukuba ukhulelwe, ucinga ukuba ukhulelwe, okanye uncancisa , kubalulekile ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-HIDA scan.
• Xelela iqela lakho lezonyango malunga nawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo, kuquka iivithamini kunye nezongezo zezityalo. Ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amanye amayeza ngaphambi kokuba uskene, kuba anokuchaphazela iziphumo zeskeni.
• Xa usiza kuskena , susa naziphi na izacholo okanye izixhobo uze uzishiye ekhaya, okanye uzisuse ngaphambi kokuskena. Ezi zinto zinokuphazamisana novavanyo.
• Ukuba uyoyika iindawo ezixineneyo (`claustrophobia`), sixelele ngaphambi kokuba uvavanyo luqale. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuze ufumane imifanekiso emihle, ikhamera yokuskena kufuneka ibanjwe kufutshane nomzimba wakho. Nangona kunjalo, le khamera ayifani nombhobho ovalwe macala onke, kodwa ivulekile kumacala omabini. Ihlala ibekwa phezulu kwesisu sakho, kwaye ayigqumi ubuso bakho.
• Kwi-HIDA scan , kufuneka uzile ukutya ubuncinane iiyure ezine (akukho kutya okanye siselo ngaphandle kwamanzi). Ukuba kufuneka uzile ukutya ixesha elide kunelo, ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela.
• Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zinokufuna unyango olukhethekileyo kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu ngaphambi kokuba kuhlolwe. Abasebenzi bewadi yabantwana baya kukwazisa ngale nto.

Ngaba kufuneka ulaliswe ngexesha le-HIDA scan?

Awusoloko unikwa i-anesthesia kwi-HIDA scan. Enyanisweni, ezinye ii-scan zifuna ukuba utshintshele kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unengxaki yokuhlala ungashukumi ngexesha lokuskena, okanye ukuba umntwana wakho uyaskenwa, wena okanye umntwana wakho ninokunikwa isithomalalisi sokumnceda azole aze azive elele. Nangona kunjalo, asizukukwenza ulale ngokupheleleyo, uza kuhlala uphaphile.

Ithatha ixesha elingakanani i-HIDA scan?

Iskeni ye-HIDA idla ngokuthatha phakathi kweyure enye ukuya kwezine . Ngamanye amaxesha, unokucelwa ukuba ubuye kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kweskeni yokuqala ukuze ufumane eminye imifanekiso.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ngexesha le-HIDA scan?

Kunokubakho utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela eyenziwa ngayo i-HIDA scan, kuxhomekeke ekubeni leliphi na icandelo lenkqubo yakho yenyongo elihlolwayo. Kodwa ngokubanzi, nantsi into onokuyilindela:

• Kuya kufuneka ukhuphe impahla egqume isisu sakho. Isibhedlele siza kukunika ilokhwe oza kuyinxiba endaweni yoko.
• Kuya kufuneka ulale ujonge phezulu etafileni yovavanyo.
• Umongikazi okanye ingcali iza kufaka i-catheter efakwa kwimithambo yegazi (IV) emthanjeni osesandleni sakho, ize ifake i-radiotracer.
• Ingcali iza kubeka ikhamera yokuskena phezu kwesisu sakho, kufutshane nomzimba wakho.
• Xa uqala ukuthatha imifanekiso, ikhamera yokuskena ithatha uthotho lwemifanekiso. Ikhamera ingajikeleza okanye ihlale kwindawo enye.
• Xa uthatha imifanekiso, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ikhamera kwindawo enye ngaphandle kokuhamba. Kulapho ke unokufumana khona imifanekiso esemgangathweni ophezulu.
• Ungacelwa ukuba utshintshe indlela othatha ngayo imifanekiso. Ingcali yetekhnoloji iya kukuxelela loo nto.
• Emva kokuthatha imifanekiso, ingcali yetekhnoloji ingakunika amayeza okukhupha inyongo yakho. Oku kunokubangela intlungu encinci esiswini sakho esingaphezulu. Njengoko inyongo yakho ikhupha, baya kuthatha imifanekiso emininzi.
• Nje ukuba yonke imifanekiso efunekayo ithathwe (oku kungathatha malunga neeyure ezine), iskena sigqityiwe.

Ngaba i-HIDA scan ibuhlungu?

I-HIDA scan ayibuhlungu kangako. Xa i-radiotracer inikwa nge-IV, ungaziva urhawuzelelwa kancinci xa inaliti ifakwa emthanjeni, yiyo loo nto kuphela.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uvavanywa nge-HIDA scan ukuze ufumane imeko yempilo, usenokuba neentlungu ngenxa yaloo meko. Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne-cholecystitis kunye ne-sphincter ye-Oddi dysfunction zinokubangela iintlungu eziqatha. Kwakhona, akufanele uthathe amayeza athile okudambisa iintlungu ngaphambi kokuba uhlolwe, njengoko la mayeza anokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yakho yenyongo kwaye achaphazele ukuchaneka kovavanyo.

Umzekelo, ii-opiates (ezifana ne-morphine kunye ne-codeine) kufuneka ziyekwe ubuncinane iiyure ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe i-HIDA scan.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kwe-HIDA scan?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu sokuba wenze i-HIDA scan, unokukwazi ukuya ekhaya, okanye unokufuna ukubuyela ewadini yesibhedlele.

Kufuneka usele amanzi amaninzi kwiiyure ezingama-24 ezilandelayo emva kokuskena. Oku kuya kunceda i-'radiotracer' ukuba iphume emzimbeni wakho ngokukhawuleza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-'radiotracer' iya kukhutshwa emzimbeni wakho kungekapheli usuku, nokuba ngumchamo okanye yindle.

Hlamba indlu yangasese kakuhle emva kokuyisebenzisa, kwaye uhlambe izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha. Ubungakanani bemitha kwi-tracer buncinci kakhulu, ngoko akukho mngcipheko kwabanye abakungqongileyo emva kokuskena.

Ukuba ungumama oncancisayo, kufuneka uphephe ukugalela ubisi lwebele iiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuskena. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-radiotracer inokongeza i-radioactivity kubisi lwakho lwebele, nto leyo enokuba yingozi kumntwana wakho. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukugalela ubisi lwebele olongezelelweyo ngaphambi kokuskena kwaye ulugcine lukhuselekile, okanye ufumane enye indlela yokutyisa umntwana wakho usuku emva kokuskena.

Zithini iingozi kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-HIDA scan?

Iingozi zokuhlolwa kwe-HIDA ziphantsi kakhulu. Nazi:

• Indawo apho i-radiotracer ifakwe khona isenokuba nenxeba elincinci.
• Kukho inani elincinci lokuvezwa kwimitha. Ubungakanani bemitha obonakaliswa kuyo ngexesha le-HIDA scan eqhelekileyo bufana nobomntu oqhelekileyo ovezwa kuyo yimeko-bume ngonyaka.
• Kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu abe ne-allergy kwii-radiotracers ezisetyenzisiweyo kwi-scan. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunqabile kakhulu .

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhulelwe, ucinga ukuba ukhulelwe, okanye uncancisa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, uvavanyo lwamayeza enyukliya, olufana ne-HIDA scan, alwenziwa kubafazi abakhulelweyo kuba lunokulimaza umntwana ongekazalwa.

Uvavanyo lwe-HIDA, oluquka i-HIDA scan, lubonelela ngolwazi olukhethekileyo olungenakwenziwa zezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana ne-ultrasound. Ke ngoko, ukuba awukhulelwe, iingenelo ze-HIDA scan zingaphezulu kakhulu kuneengozi ezincinci.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukwazi iziphumo ze-HIDA scan?

Ingcali ye-radiology iza kujonga imifanekiso evela kwi-HIDA scan, ibhale ingxelo, ize ixelele ugqirha wakho iziphumo. Emva koko ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela iziphumo. Oku kudla ngokuthatha ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24 .

Zithini iziphumo ze-HIDA scan?

Ulwazi olukwingxelo yeziphumo zakho ze-HIDA scan lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu sokuba wenze i-scan. Ngokwesiqhelo, ingxelo iya kuchaza indlela i-radiotracer ehamba ngayo kwinkqubo yakho ye-biliary.

Oogqirha benza uxilongo lokugqibela ngokudibanisa iziphumo ze-HIDA scan kunye nezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana novavanyo lwegazi.

Iziphumo ze-HIDA scan zingabandakanya:

• Okuqhelekileyo: I-radiotracer idlulile kwisibindi sakho yaya kwi-gallbladder yakho nakumathumbu amancinci ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
• Ukuhamba kancinci kwe-radiotracer: Oku kunokuthetha ukuba kukho ukuvaleka okanye ukuvaleka kwenye indawo kwi-bile duct yakho, okanye ukuba isibindi sakho asisebenzi kakuhle.
• Akukho radiotracer ibonwayo kwinyongo: Oku kunokuthetha ukuba une-acute cholecystitis, ukuvaleka kwe-bile duct.
• Inxalenye yokuphuma kwenyongo engaphantsi ngendlela engaqhelekanga: Oku kuxhomekeka ekubeni ingakanani inyongo enokuphuma kwinyongo yakho (inxalenye yokuphuma) emva kokuba ivuselelwe ngamayeza. Inxalenye yokuphuma kwenyongo engaphantsi kwama-30% ukuya kuma-35% iqhelekile. Ukuba eli nani liphantsi ngendlela engaqhelekanga, linokubonisa i-cholecystitis engapheliyo.
• I-Radiotracer ifunyenwe kwezinye iindawo:Ukuba iskeni ibonisa ukuba i-radiotracer ingaphandle kwenkqubo yakho yenyongo, oko kunokubonisa ukuvuza kwenyongo.

Khumbula, nokuba iziphumo zakho zithini na, ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela zona, ngoko ungoyiki ukumbuza imibuzo.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyazi

I-'HIDA scan' (iHepatobiliary Immunodiacetic Acid Scan) luvavanyo olubalulekileyo lokufumanisa iingxaki ezithile kwisibindi sakho, imibhobho yenyongo, kunye nenyongo. Kunokuba nzima kancinci ukwenza uvavanyo olunjalo. Kodwa yazi ukuba i-'HIDA scan' luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu kwaphela. Ungabuza ugqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onazo. Ungakhathazeki, oogqirha balapha ukukunceda.

Iskeni se - HIDA, inyongo, isibindi, inyongo, izinto ezinemisebe, ukuxilongwa, iintlungu zesisu