Masifunde ngee-enzyme markers egazini lakho.

Xa ugqirha ekuxelela ukuba ujonge "ii-Enzyme Markers" zakho, mhlawumbi unemibuzo embalwa engqondweni, akunjalo? "Zithini ezi enzymes?", "Kutheni zijongwa?" Imibuzo efana naleyo. Ungakhathazeki, kulula kakhulu. Masifunde ngakumbi ngale nto namhlanje, njengokuthetha nomhlobo.

Ngoko ke zithini ezi mpawu ze-enzyme?

Ngamafutshane, ii-Enzyme Markers luvavanyo lwegazi olulinganisa amanqanaba ee-enzyme ezithile egazini lakho. Ezi enzymes zihlala zifumaneka ngaphakathi kwiiseli zemizimba yethu. Nangona kunjalo, xa ilungu emzimbeni wethu, njengesibindi, intliziyo, okanye izihlunu, lonakele, ligula, okanye lonakele, ezinye zezi enzymes zivuza zisuka kwezo seli zonakeleyo ziye egazini. Kufana namanzi aphuma kwibhotile ephukileyo.

Emva koko, ngolu vavanyo lwegazi, ugqirha angabona ukuba inqanaba lale enzyme egazini lakho liphezulu okanye liphantsi kunesiqhelo. Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha babiza ezi "biomarkers." Oko kukuthi, uphawu lwebhayoloji lwesifo esithile. Oku kunokunika ugqirha umkhondo wokuba kukho into engalunganga emzimbeni wakho na.

Kulungile, ngoko ke zithini ezi "enzymes"?

Sisandula ukuthetha "ngeempawu zeeenzyme." Ngoko ke zithini ezi "enzymes"? Cinga ngeeenzymes njengeeproteni ezifana nabasebenzi abancinci emizimbeni yethu. Zinceda kwezinye iinkqubo zeekhemikhali emizimbeni yethu, kwaye zikhawulezisa imetabolism yethu. Kufana nomntu osinceda sitye ukutya ngokukhawuleza.

Kukho amawaka ee-enzyme ezahlukeneyo emizimbeni yethu, nganye kuzo yenza umsebenzi othile. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi: Inceda ekujiyeni kwegazi.
• Inkqubo yokwetyisa: Inceda ekugayeni ukutya esikutyayo.
• Inkqubo yemisipha: Imisipha inceda ekusebenzeni nasekushukumeni.
• Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo: Inceda ukusebenza kwengqondo, umqolo, kunye nemithambo-luvo.
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla: Inceda kwinkqubo yokuphefumla.
• Inkqubo yomchamo: Inceda ekususeni inkunkuma emzimbeni.

Uyabona, ii-enzymes zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu!

Ngubani ofuna olu vavanyo lwe-enzyme marker?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba ugqirha angayalela olu vavanyo. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Uvavanyo: Ngamanye amaxesha, xa usiya kuvavanyo lomzimba oluqhelekileyo, olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa ukujonga naziphi na iingxaki zangaphakathi, umonakalo wamalungu omzimba, okanye ukudinwa kwemisipha, nokuba awunazo naziphi na iimpawu.
• Ukuchonga isifo (Ukuxilongwa):Ukuba uneempawu ezithile, olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imbangela sisifo esithile okanye ingxaki yentliziyo.
• Ukubeka esweni impumelelo yonyango: Ukuba usela amayeza esifo esithile, olu vavanyo lwee-enzyme lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba amayeza asebenza kakuhle okanye ukuba abangela umonakalo kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

Ziziphi iintlobo zovavanyo lwe-enzyme marker ezikhoyo?

Oogqirha basebenzisa uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo lwe-enzyme marker ukufumanisa izifo ezahlukeneyo kunye nesimo sazo. Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili:

• Uvavanyo lwe-enzyme yentliziyo: Olu vavanyo lujonga umonakalo kwimisipha yentliziyo.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzymes: Olu vavanyo lwee-enzymes ezifana ne-`(CK-MB)` kunye ne-`(CK-MM)`. Oku kunokufumanisa umonakalo kwizihlunu, ingakumbi intliziyo kunye nezinye izihlunu.
• Uvavanyo lwe-enzyme yesibindi: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ii-enzymes ezifana ne-`(ALT)`, `(AST)`, `(Alkaline phosphatase)`, `(GGT)`, kunye ne-`(5'-NT)` ukuze kufunyanwe umbono wemeko yesibindi.

Ngoku makhe sijonge nganye kwezi ntlobo ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Yintoni iCardiac Enzyme Test?

Oku kwenziwa rhoqo xa kurhanelwa ukuba kukho isifo sentliziyo, okanye ukujonga ukuba imisipha yentliziyo yonakaliswe na sisifo sentliziyo. Kwakhona kwenziwa ukujonga indlela intliziyo esebenza ngayo emva kotyando oluthile lwentliziyo, olufana ne-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) okanye i-angioplasty.

Xa kukho into eyonakeleyo entliziyweni, intliziyo ikhupha iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi -troponin (cTn) kunye ne-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-creatine phosphokinase (CPK) egazini. Ngaphambili, inqanaba le-creatine phosphokinase (CPK) yayiluvavanyo oluphambili olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo sentliziyo. Kodwa ngoku, ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unokuba nesifo sentliziyo, oogqirha badla ngokwenza uvavanyo lwe-troponin ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-enzyme ye-troponin ifumaneka entliziyweni kuphela. Yiyo loo nto icacile kakhulu.

Amanqanaba e-troponin egazini angaqala ukunyuka kwiiyure ezili-12 emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-CPK anokubonisa imeko ebizwa ngokuba sisifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo, esikukuvalwa kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni.

Ngokwesiqhelo, amanqanaba e-troponin egazini aphantsi kakhulu – malunga ne-0.02 nanograms nge-milliliter (0.02 ng/mL). Amanqanaba aphezulu ale enzyme yentliziyo egazini athetha ukuba ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunokwenzeka. Okukhona ixabiso liphezulu, kokukhona umonakalo omkhulu uye wehla entliziyweni.

Ngenxa yokuba amanqanaba eeenzyme ayatshintsha ngexesha lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi zokulinganisa amanqanaba akho e-CPK kunye ne-troponin rhoqo emva kweeyure ezimbalwa.

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-enzyme yentliziyo ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu:

• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Isiyezi
• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukubila kakhulu (Ukubila kakhulu / iHyperhidrosis)
• Ukuphefumla nzima/Ukuphelelwa ngamandla

Yintoni uvavanyo lwe-CPK Isoenzymes?

Olu vavanyo lujonga amanqanaba aphezulu e-`(CPK)`. Oku kubonisa ukuba kukho umonakalo kwizicubu. Xa izihlunu zethu (kuquka izihlunu zentliziyo), ingqondo, kunye nemiphunga zonakaliswe sisifo okanye ukwenzakala, ezi isoenzymes ze-`(CPK)` zikhutshwa egazini. Ii-Isoenzymes ziintlobo zee-enzymes ezikhethekileyo kwizitho ezithile okanye kwizicubu.

Umzekelo:

• Intliziyo ethile `(CK)` yi `CK-MB` .
• I-`(CK)` ethile yemisipha yamathambo (njengemisipha yeengalo) yi -`CK-MM` .
• Ukuthi nje `(CK)` lilonke inani `(CK)` elivela kuzo zonke ezi ndawo.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, ukuxilongwa, okanye izinto ezinobungozi, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo lwe-isoenzyme (CPK) ukujonga iimeko ezifana nezi:

• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Istroke
• Ithumba lobuchopho
• I-Muscular dystrophy (isifo esenza izihlunu zibe buthathaka)
• I-Dermatyositis (isifo solusu kunye nemisipha)
• I-inclusion body myositis (isifo esibangela ubuthathaka bemisipha)
• I-Polymyositis (isifo semisipha)
• I-Mognant hyperthermia (imeko apho umntu eba nomkhuhlane ophezulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-anesthesia ngexesha lotyando)

Yintoni uvavanyo lwe-Enzyme yesibindi?

Xa isibindi sethu sonakaliswe sisifo okanye ukwenzakala, isibindi sikhupha ii-enzyme ezahlukeneyo egazini. Ezimbini kwezi enzymes zaziwayo yi-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) kunye ne-aspartate aminotransferase (AST). I-enzyme i-ALT iveliswa ikakhulu esibindini. I-Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) iveliswa esibindini, entliziyweni, ezintso, ebuchotsheni nakwimisipha.

Uvavanyo lwe-enzyme yesibindi lujonga amanqanaba aphezulu ezi enzymes. Ukuba ziphezulu, kusenokuba ngenxa yemeko efana nale:

• Umbhobho wenyongo ovalekileyo
• Isifo seCeliac (i-allergy kwi-gluten)
• Isifo sesibindi
• Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha okanye isifo sesibindi esinxulumene notywala
• I-Hemochromatosis (i-iron engaphezulu egazini)
• IHepatitis A, iHepatitis B kunye neHepatitis C
• Umhlaza wesibindi
• I-Mononucleosis (isifo esibangela ukudumba kwamadlala)
• Isifo sikaWilson (ukugcwala kobhedu olugqithisileyo emathanjeni)

Khumbula, amanqanaba aphezulu eeenzymes kuphela akuthethi ukuba unesifo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthelekisa ezi mpawu kunye nezinye iziphumo zovavanyo ukuze afikelele kwisigqibo.

Ndingazilungiselela njani uvavanyo lwe-enzyme marker?

Ukuba uza kuhlolwa igazi, ukukhumbula ezi zinto zimbalwa kunokwenza inkqubo ibe lula:

• Sela amanzi amaninzi: Sela amanzi amaninzi ngaphambi kokuba unikele ngegazi. Oku kuya kunceda igazi lihambe kakuhle emithanjeni, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuqokelela igazi.
• Yiphephe i-nicotine: Ukuba uyatshaya (kuquka nokuvasa), yiphephe ngaphambi kokuba unikele ngegazi. I-nicotine ibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukutsala igazi kumthambo onciphileyo.
• Sixelele ukuba uyoyika: Ukuba uyoyika iinaliti (i-Trypanophobia) okanye uyoyika ukubona igazi (i-Hemophobia), xelela ugqirha wakho okanye umntu otsala igazi lakho kwangaphambili. Banokukunceda wenze inkqubo yokutsala igazi ibe lula ngakumbi.

Ngaba kufuneka ndizile ukutya ngaphambi kovavanyo lwe-enzyme marker?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka uzile ukutya na (ngaphandle kwamanzi). Kwiimeko ezininzi, akufuneki uzile ukutya. Ingakumbi kuba uvavanyo lwee-enzyme zentliziyo lwenziwa ngexesha likaxakeka, njengokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, akuyi kulindeleka ukuba uzile ukutya ngelo xesha.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa uvavanyo lwe-enzyme marker lwenziwe?

Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olulula kakhulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, olu vavanyo lungenziwa eofisini kagqirha, kwilebhu yovavanyo lwegazi, okanye esibhedlele. Ingcali ye-phlebotomist (umntu oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukutsala igazi) okanye omnye umntu osebenza ngezempilo uza kutsala igazi lakho. Le nkqubo ithatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele emva kovavanyo lwe-enzyme marker?

Kungcono ukugcina iplasta kwindawo etsalwe kuyo igazi kangangeeyure ezimbini ukuya kwezine ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo. Indawo apho inaliti ifakwe khona isenokuba idumbile kwaye ikrwelekile kancinci. Oku kuya kuphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.

Unganciphisa ukukruquka okanye ukungakhululeki ngokwenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Songa ipakethe yomkhenkce ngelaphu uze uyibeke phezu kweplasta.
• Sela isithomalalisi sentlungu esithengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha.
• Musa ukuphakamisa iintsimbi okanye ukwenza umthambo onzima kangangeeyure ezingama-24 emva kokunikela ngegazi.

Zithini iingozi zovavanyo lwe-enzyme marker?

Uvavanyo lwegazi luyinkqubo engenabungozi kangako. Abanye abantu banokufumana uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (hypotension) xa betsalwa igazi. Oku kunokukwenza uzive unesizungu okanye unesicaphucaphu. Ukuba uzive ungaphili kakuhle okanye ubuthathaka, xelela ugqirha wakho okanye umntu othatha igazi ngoko nangoko. Banokukunceda ngokukulalisa phantsi okanye ngokwenza ezinye izinto.

Ndiza kuzifumana nini iziphumo zovavanyo?

Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, umzekelo, ukuba kukho urhanelwa ukuba kukho isifo sentliziyo, iziphumo ziyafumaneka ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphandle koko, kungathatha iintsuku ezininzi ukuba ugqirha afumane iziphumo kwilebhu.

Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngeziphumo. Kusenokufuneka wenze iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu ukuze kufunyaniswe ingxaki ethile okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ngxaki. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwengxaki, usenokuba neemvavanyo ezininzi ze-enzyme marker kangangeeyure okanye iintsuku.

Ndimele ndibuze ntoni kugqirha wam?

Ungabuza ugqirha imibuzo efana nale:

• Kutheni kufuneka ndenze olu vavanyo lwe-enzyme marker?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndizile ukutya, ndiyeke ukutshaya, okanye ndiyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza ngaphambi kovavanyo?
• Ndiza kuzifumana nini iziphumo zovavanyo?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndikhathazeke ngeziphumo zovavanyo?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu?
• Kuza kufuneka ndenze olu vavanyo lwe-enzyme marker kangaphi?

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uvavanyo lwe-enzyme marker luvavanyo olubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokusebenza kwamalungu ethu omzimba, imeko yezifo, kunye nonyango. Ukuba uneempawu ezithile, ugqirha unokuyalela olu vavanyo ukuze afumanise isifo okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho sifo sinjalo.

Uvavanyo lwe-enzyme yentliziyo luvavanya umonakalo owenziwe yintliziyo emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Uvavanyo lwe-phosphokinase (CPK) lujonga izifo ezinxulumene nemisipha. Uvavanyo lwe-enzyme yesibindi luvavanya ukusebenza kwesibindi. Buza ugqirha wakho nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo malunga nolu vavanyo okanye iziphumo zalo. Ungakhathazeki, ugqirha wakho ukhona ukukunceda.

Ii - enzyme, uvavanyo lwee-enzyme, uvavanyo lwegazi, isifo sentliziyo, isifo sesibindi, isifo semisipha, ukuxilongwa