Masifunde nge-'Descending Aorta' emzimbeni wakho.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba igazi lihamba njani emizimbeni yethu? Kukho umthambo wegazi oyintloko othwala igazi elineoksijini ukusuka entliziyweni yethu ukuya emzimbeni wethu wonke. Ubizwa ngokuba yi-aorta. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yale aorta, i-aorta ehlayo. Ifana nombhobho wamanzi omkhulu emzimbeni wethu!

Ingaba le 'aorta ehlayo' inye okanye ezimbini?

Enyanisweni, le 'aorta ehlayo' ngumthambo wegazi omnye omde. Kodwa, kanye njengokuba igama lendlela efanayo litshintsha ukusuka kwidolophu ukuya kwenye, lo mthambo wegazi nawo ubizwa ngamagama ahlukeneyo njengoko udlula kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Khawuthelekelele, xa le aorta yehla esifubeni sakho, siyibiza ngokuba yi- 'Descendeng Thoracic Aorta '. Igama elithi 'Thoracic' ligama elisetyenziswa ngoogqirha kwizinto ezinxulumene nesifuba. Emva koko, xa le aorta idlula kwi-diaphragm yakho, igama layo liyatshintsha kwakhona. Inxalenye engaphantsi kwe-diaphragm ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Descendeng Abdominal Aorta '. Le yileyo isuka phezulu esiswini sakho ize iphele kufutshane nenkaba yakho.

Ngoko ke ngaba i-'Thoracic Aorta' kunye ne-'Descending Aorta' ziyafana?

Hayi, azifani. Xa sisithi 'i-thoracic aorta', sithetha yonke inxalenye ye-aorta ehamba esifubeni sakho. Inamacandelo aliqela:

• Ingcambu ye-aorta: Le yinxalenye edibene nentliziyo.
• Ukunyuka kwe -aorta : Le yinxalenye enyuka isuka entliziyweni.
• I -Aortic arch: Le yinxalenye enika i-aorta imo yayo egobileyo, njengenduku.
• I-aorta yesifuba eyehlayo: Le yinxalenye 'ye-aorta eyehlayo' esithetha ngayo, ekwisifuba.

Emva koko, 'i-aorta ehlayo' yinxalenye eyehlayo emva kwe-aorta arch. Idlula esifubeni (i-aorta yesifuba eyehlayo) kunye nesisu (i-aorta yesisu eyehlayo). Kalula nje, 'i-aorta yesifuba' kunye 'ne-aorta ehlayo' azifani. Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho nenxalenye 'ye-aorta ehlayo' ngaphakathi 'kwe-aorta yesifuba'. Uyayazi?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-'Ascending Aorta' kunye ne-'Descendeng Aorta'?

Le ilula kakhulu. I-'Ascending Aorta' yakho yinxalenye egobayo ukusuka entliziyweni yakho ukuya kwi-aortic arch. Isesifubeni sakho kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, i-'Descending Aorta' iqala kwelinye icala le-aortic arch, igoba iye ezantsi. Ihamba ukusuka esifubeni sakho iye ezantsi esiswini sakho.

Yintoni umsebenzi wale 'aorta ihlayo'? Kutheni ibaluleke kangaka?

Enyanisweni, i-'Descending Aorta' ngumthambo wegazi onoxanduva olukhulu lokubonelela imizimba yethu ngegazi elicocekileyo nelineoksijini. Njengendlela enkulu, lo ngumthambo ophambili othwala igazi esifubeni sakho nasesiswini. Kulapho ke imithambo emininzi emincinci isasazeka khona, inika igazi kumalungu akho ahlukeneyo kunye nezicubu. Jonga ukuba zingaphi izinto ezibonelela ngazo le 'aorta ihlayo' kunye namasebe ayo:

• Ezindongeni zesifuba sakho
• Inkqubo yokwetyisa (oko kukuthi, umphimbo wakho, isisu , amathumbu amancinci namakhulu)
• Kwizintso
• Yemilenze
• Ithumba
• Kumalungu okuzala (oko kukuthi, amasende kumadoda kunye namaqanda kubasetyhini)
• Kwinkqubo yokuphefumla
• Umqolo
• Kwinkqubo yomchamo

Khawucinge ukuba zingaphi izinto ebezinokuchaphazela ukuba lo mthambo wegazi ubungasebenzi kakuhle!

Iphi kanye kanye le 'mithambo emikhulu eyehlayo'?

'I-aorta yakho ehlayo' iqala esifubeni sakho, apho i-aortic arch iphela khona. Ukuchaneka, isemva nje apho umthambo wakho wasekhohlo we-subclavian uqhekeka khona kwi-aorta. Oku kukwinqanaba le-vertebra yakho yesine yesifuba (ithambo elisemgogodleni wakho), embindini womqolo wakho. Ukusuka apho, yehla ngesifuba sakho, emva koko idlule kwi-diaphragm yakho, ize iye esiswini sakho. Le 'aorta ehlayo' iphela kufutshane neqhosha lesisu sakho. Apho, yahlukana yaba yimithambo emibini, imithambo eqhelekileyo ye-iliac yasekunene neyasekhohlo. Izazinzulu zibiza olu qhekeko ngokuba yi-aortic bifurcation . Kungenxa yokuba i-aorta yahlukana yaba ziindlela ezimbini ezintsha zokuhamba kwegazi. Le mithambo ye-iliac yahlukana ibe ngamanye amasebe anika igazi emilenzeni nasezinyaweni zakho. Olu qhekeko lufana ne-Y ejonge phantsi.

Ngawaphi amasebe aphuma 'kumthambo omkhulu ohlayo'?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-descending aorta inamasebe amaninzi athwala igazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ifana nesiqu somthi esinamasebe amancinci. Amanye amasebe aphambili aphuma kwi-descending thoracic aorta ngala:

• Imithambo yeBronchial
• Imithambo ye-Esophageal
• Imithambo ye-Mediastinal
• Imithambo yePericardial
• Imithambo ye-phrenic ephezulu

Kukwakho namasebe amakhulu aphuma kwi-aorta yesisu ehlayo. Umzekelo:

• Imithambo yesiqu seCeliac
• Imithambo yeGonadal
• Imithambo ye-Iliac (le yeyokugqibela ukwahlukana)
• Imithambo ye-phrenic engaphantsi
• Imithambo yezintso yasekhohlo neyasekunene (leyo iya kwizintso)
• Imithambo yeLumbar

Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ukhumbule onke la magama. Into ebalulekileyo kukuqonda ukuba nganye kwezi mithambo mincinci inceda ekondleni amalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba wethu.

Injani le 'aorta ehlayo'? Ingakanani inkulu?

I-aorta yonke ifana nenduku enesiphatho esigobileyo. I-aorta enyukayo kunye ne-aortic arch zenza inxalenye efana nesiphatho senduku. I-aorta ehlayo yinxalenye yokuqala emva kwe-arch, eya ngqo ezantsi. Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani bayo, ububanzi (oko kukuthi, ububanzi becandelo elinqamlezileyo) le-aorta bunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho, indawo yomzimba, kunye nesini. Kodwa nantsi ixabiso eliqhelekileyo abaphandi abavumelana ngalo:

• Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo be-aorta yesifuba ehlayo bungaphantsi kwe-1.6 centimeters nge-square meter yendawo yomzimba.
• Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo be-aorta yesisu ehlayo: ngaphantsi kweesentimitha ezi-3 (ngesiqhelo malunga neesentimitha ezi-2).

Lo ngowona mthambo mkhulu emzimbeni wethu!

Zenziwa njani iindonga 'ze-aorta ehlayo'?

Ukuba ujonge udonga lwale aorta, luneengqimba ezintathu zezicubu. Lufana nodonga lombhobho, kodwa luyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi.

• I-Tunica intima: Le yingqimba engaphakathi. Igazi lakho lihamba ngale. Le ngqimba ilawula uxinzelelo lwegazi , ithintela igazi ukuba lingajiyi, kwaye iyayithintela ityhefu ukuba ingangeni egazini.
• Imidiya: Le yilaphu eliphakathi. Iqulethe izihlunu ezincinci ezinceda igazi ukuba lihambe kwicala elinye ngokufinyela. Ikwanazo neefayibha ezithambileyo. Ezi zinokuba buthathaka ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• I-Adventitia: Le yilaphu engaphandle. Inika i-aorta amandla kunye nolwakhiwo. Ikwaqhagamshelwe kwimithambo-luvo kunye nezicubu ezijikelezileyo.

Zeziphi izifo ezichaphazela le 'aorta ehlayo'?

Ngelishwa, nomthambo wegazi obaluleke kangaka unokuvelisa izifo ezahlukeneyo. Eyona meko ixhaphakileyo kwezi yi -aortic aneurysms . I-aneurysm yindawo ebuthathaka eludongeni lomthambo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umthambo uvuthuluke kwaye uvuthuze. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-aneurysms ezinokuchaphazela i-aorta ehlayo:

Iintlobo ze-Aortic Aneurysms

• I-Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA): Oku kwenzeka kwinxalenye ephezulu ye-aorta ehamba esifubeni. Idla ngokubangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye ukwenzakala esifubeni. Abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zezicubu ezidityanisiweyo, ezifana ne-Marfan syndrome, basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko.
• I-Aneurysm ye-aortic yesisu (AAA): Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-aortic aneurysm. Ivela kwinxalenye ye-aorta ehamba esiswini. (AAA) idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Inokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba ivele kumadoda anembali yokusebenzisa icuba. I-Atherosclerosis, okanye ukuqokelelana kwamafutha kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi, yeyona nto ibangela oku.
• I-Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA): Le yi-aneurysm eqala esifubeni ukuya esiswini.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba une-aneurysm kwi-aorta ehlayo, ugqirha wakho uya kuyijonga ixesha elide. Ukuba iba nkulu kakhulu, unokufuna unyango ukuthintela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi. Umzekelo:

Iimeko eziyingozi ezinokwenzeka ngenxa ye-aneurysms

• Ukuqhekeka kwe-Aneurysm: Oku kwenzeka xa umngxuma uvela eludongeni (zonke iileya ezintathu) ze-aorta. Lo mngxuma unokubangela ukopha kakhulu emzimbeni, nto leyo enokuba yingozi ngokukhawuleza ebomini.
• Uhlobo lweB aorta yokuqhaqha: Oku kukukrazuka komaleko ongaphakathi 'we-aorta ehlayo'. Emva koko igazi lizalisa indawo ephakathi komaleko ongaphakathi nophakathi. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umthambo uqhume kwaye kuthintele ukuhamba kwegazi kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Khumbula, nokuba kukuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm okanye ukuqhekeka kwe-aorta yimeko engxamisekileyo efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo!

Ezinye iimeko ezinokwenzeka

Ukongeza kwezi aneurysms, kukho nezinye iimeko ezinokuchaphazela 'i-aorta ehlayo':

• I-atherosclerosis ye-aorta: Amafutha ahlala kuyo yonke i-aorta.
• Isifo sokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi: Iimfumba zamafutha zivala inxalenye esezantsi yemithambo yegazi yegazi (kufutshane ne-aorta bifurcation) kunye nemithambo yegazi yegazi yegazi.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo 'sokwehla kwe-aorta'?

Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu . Isifo se-Aortic esihlayo sisenokungabonakalisi zimpawu . Oku kuthetha ukuba usenokungaqondi ukuba kukho into engalunganga de ube nengxamiseko yezonyango.Yiyo loo nto oogqirha becebisa ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo. Kulapho unokubona khona iimpawu zokuqala zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Nokuba une-aneurysm kwi-aorta yakho ehlayo, usenokungabi nazimpawu de ibe sele iza kuqhuma. Nazi ezinye iimpawu ezilumkisayo ezinokuvela ngaphambi kokuba iqhume:

• Ukuziva ugcwele nangona ungatyanga kakhulu.
• Intlungu engapheliyo emqolo, ezinqeni, emqolo, emlenzeni, okanye esiswini.
• Ukuziva ukubetha kwentliziyo kwindawo yesisu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla kancinci.

Ingqalelo! Ezi ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo!

Ukuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm okanye ukuqhekeka kwe-aorta yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo . Ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo , fowunela u-1990 (i-Suwaseriya Ambulance Service yaseSri Lanka) ngoko nangoko:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu yesisu ngequbuliso.
• Intlungu ebukhali, ekhawulezileyo, neqatha esifubeni okanye emqolo ongasentla. Ingavakala ngathi kukukrazula okanye ukuhlaba.
• Ukubila okubandayo, okubandayo.
• Ukudideka.
• Ukudinwa okanye ukuquleka.
• Isantya sentliziyo siyanda.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha.
• Ukulahlekelwa okanye ukungaboni kakuhle.
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukuba ndindisholo kwelinye icala lomzimba.

Musa ukuchitha umzuzwana ngexesha elinje!

Ungazichonga njani izifo ze-'descending aorta'?

Oogqirha baxilonga izifo ze-aorta ehlayo ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha imifanekiso. Ezi ziindlela ezithatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi yomzimba. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• I-ultrasound yesisu
• I-CT Angiography (i-computed tomography angiography - CTA)
• I-MRI (Umfanekiso we-Magnetic resonance - i-MRI)
• I-echocardiogram ye-Transesophageal

Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba uvavanyo olufanele wena.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezi meko?

Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga imeko yakho aze akucebise unyango ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ezinye iindlela zonyango lwe-aneurysm kwi-aorta ehlayo ziquka:

• Utyando lwe-Aneurysm: Le yindlela yotyando yokususa okanye ukulungisa inxalenye evuvukileyo ye-aneurysm.
• Ukulungiswa kwe-Endovascular aneurysm (EVAR):Oku kuquka ukufaka isixhobo esifana ne-stent kumthambo ngetyhubhu encinci (i-catheter) ngaphandle kokwenza umngxuma omkhulu, nokuqinisa indawo evuvukeleyo. Le yindlela entsha.
• Amayeza okulawula ukwanda kwe-aneurysm: Oku kungabandakanya amayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi okanye i-cholesterol.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela iingcebiso zonyango kwaye uhlolwe ngexesha.

Ndingayigcina njani i-'descending aorta' yam iphilile?

Ewe, lo ngumbuzo olungileyo kakhulu. Kukho izinto onokuzenza ukuthintela okanye ukulibazisa ukuqala kwesifo se-aorta. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yentliziyo. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zokwenza oko:

• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Amadoda akufuneki asele ngaphezulu kweeyunithi ezimbini zotywala ngosuku. Abafazi akufuneki basele ngaphezulu kweyunithi enye yotywala ngosuku.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo nokulinganiselayo okune-sodium encinci (ityuwa), i-cholesterol, kunye namafutha agcweleyo.
• Zilolonge rhoqo: Zimisele ukwenza umthambo onzima ubuncinane imizuzu eli-150 ngeveki (umz., ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukukhwela ibhayisekile).
• Lawula uxinzelelo: Izinto ezifana neyoga kunye nokucamngca zinokunceda.
• Yeka ukutshaya nokusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba ngokupheleleyo! Oku kufuneka ukwenze.

I-aorta yakho ehlayo ngumthambo obaluleke kakhulu onceda ukuthwala igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuze uhlale usempilweni. Ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha icuba kunokunceda ukukhusela kwisifo se-aorta. Kwakhona, ungalibali ukuya kuvavanyo lwezonyango ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kuzo zonke ezi zinto?

Kulungile, ukuyibeka ngokulula, amanqaku aphambili ekufuneka uwakhumbule kwinto esithethe ngayo zezi:

• I-'Descending Aorta' yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomthambo omkhulu emzimbeni, ethwala igazi elineoksijini lisuka entliziyweni yakho liye esifubeni sakho nasesiswini.
• Yile nto inika igazi kumalungu amaninzi esifubeni sakho, esiswini, nasemilenzeni.
• Lo mthambo ungaphuhlisa izifo ezifana ne-aneurysm kunye ne-atherosclerosis.
• Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi zifo azibonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha.
• Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nentlungu yesifuba okanye yesisu ngequbuliso, enzima, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukuquleka, isenokuba yingxaki. Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko.
• Ukulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya) kunceda kakhulu ekugcineni le mithambo isempilweni.

Ngoko ke, ungalibali ukuyikhathalela kancinci le 'ndlela' emzimbeni wakho, kulungile?

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I-Aorta, I-Aorta Ehlayo, Isifo seNtliziyo, Isifo seArterial, i-Aneurysm, Ukuhamba kwegazi