Iqhawe elincinci elibalulekileyo ebomini bethu: Yonke into malunga neMedulla Oblongata!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ezinye zezinto emizimbeni yethu - ukuphefumla, ukubetha iintliziyo zethu, ukuginya ukutya - zenzeka njani ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaphandle komzamo, ngaphandle kokuba sicinge ngako? Umntu omncinci kodwa onamandla kakhulu ophethe uninzi lwale misebenzi ibalulekileyo ubizwa ngokuba yiMedulla Oblongata. Ngaba singathetha ngale nxalenye imangalisayo namhlanje?

Yintoni iMedulla Oblongata? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-medulla oblongata yakho yinxalenye yesiseko sakho sengqondo. Cinga ngale ndlela, ukusuka kwingqondo yethu ukuya kutsho emqondweni wethu, sinentambo yomgogodla, efana nebhulorho edibanisa ezi zimbini. Yiyo loo nto i-medulla oblongata iyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Ifana nendawo enkulu apho iindlela ezinkulu zidibana khona! Ilawula imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu.

Yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yi-medulla oblongata? Eminye yemisebenzi yayo...

I-medulla oblongata (masithi yi-"medulla") inomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Ayibangelwa yindawo ekuyo kuphela, kodwa ngenxa yezinto ezilawulayo. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezenzayo:

• Ilawula intliziyo , ukujikeleza kwegazi , kunye nokuphefumla : Ewe, i-medulla yindawo apho inkqubo yethu yentliziyo kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumla zisebenza kunye ukulawula izinto ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo yakho, indlela ophefumla ngayo, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi . Khawucinge nje, ngaphandle kwayo, besingenakukwazi nokuphefumla ngokufanelekileyo!
• Ezinye iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ziyalawulwa: Ezi zizinto ezenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokuba ucinge ngazo. Umzekelo, izinto ezinje ngokukhohlela, ukuthimla, ukuginya ukutya, ukuhlanza , kunye nokugcina ibhalansi . Xa sisitya, asicingi ukuba, "Ndifuna ukuginya ngoku," akunjalo? Kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Oku kusinceda senze loo nto.
• Unxibelelwano lwemithambo-luvo: Uninzi lwemithambo-luvo emikhulu emzimbeni wethu iqhagamshela kwintambo yomqolo. Ukusuka apho, imiyalezo ithunyelwa ukuya nokubuya ebuchotsheni ngezi mithambo-luvo. Ngoko ke, yonke loo miyalezo kufuneka idlule kwi-medulla. Ezine kwezilishumi elinesibini zemithambo-luvo yentloko, ezidibanisa iindawo ezifana nentamo yakho, umphimbo , nolwimi ngqo ebuchotsheni, zidlula kule medulla.
• Indawo yokuwela:Nantsi into emangalisayo ngokwenene! Kukho indawo ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi "Piramids" kwi-medulla apho uninzi lwemithambo-luvo ebandakanyekayo kwiintshukumo zomzimba wethu inqumla khona. Loo nto yokunqumla yingakho elinye icala lobuchopho bakho lihlala lilawula elinye icala lomzimba wakho. Khawuthelekelele, xa ufuna ukuhambisa isandla sakho sasekunene, umyalelo uvela kwicala lasekhohlo lobuchopho bakho. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo ngenxa yokunqumla.

Kubalulekile: I-medulla yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu kwaye yenza umsebenzi obuthathaka kakhulu. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinyamekela.

Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-medulla kunye nemithambo-luvo yentloko?

Sele sitshilo ukuba kukho uhlobo lwemithambo-luvo ebizwa ngokuba yimithambo-luvo yentloko. Ezi ziza ngababini. Makhe sijonge ezinye zemithambo-luvo ezidlula kwi-medulla:

• I-Cranial Nerve IX (CN IX): Le nerve yesithoba ye-cranial ibandakanyeka kwimisebenzi emininzi emlonyeni wethu. Ilawula amadlala avelisa amathe, incasa, kunye nokuchukumisa ngaphakathi emlonyeni. Ikwalawula i-gag reflex, esithintela ukuba singabhajwa ngento ethile emqaleni wethu ngengozi.
• I-Cranial Nerve X (CN X): Elinye igama lale mithambo yeshumi ye-cranial yi-Vagus nerve. Le yimithambo ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Iqhagamshelwe kuzo zonke izitho eziphambili ukusuka entanyeni yethu ukuya kwinxalenye ephezulu yekholoni yethu. Ithwala imiyalezo evela kwinkqubo ye-autonomic nerve, esingacingi nokuyicinga. Ilawula izinto ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokuhamba kwamathumbu. Ikwathwala imiyalezo eya kwi-larynx (ibhokisi yelizwi) kunye nezihlunu ezisetyenziselwa ukuginya ukutya.
• I-Cranial Nerve XI (CN XI): I-11th cranial nerve ilawula izihlunu entanyeni yethu nakumntla womqolo. Ezi zihlunu ziyanceda xa ujika intloko yakho kwaye uphakamisa amahlombe akho.
• I-Cranial Nerve XII (CN XII): I-12th cranial nerve ilawula izihlunu ozisebenzisayo ukuze ukhuphe ulwimi lwakho. Ngoko ke, ukuthetha nokuginya kubalulekile.

Uyabona, hayi indlela ebaluleke ngayo inethiwekhi yemithambo-luvo esebenza ngale medulla incinci!

Iphi i-medulla?

I-medulla ikwindawo esezantsi kwengqondo yakho. Ngokukodwa, kulapho intambo yakho yomgogodla iqhagamshela khona nengqondo yakho ngomngxuma obizwa ngokuba yi-foramen magnum ezantsi kwentloko yakho. Ngaphezulu nje kwe-medulla kukho ii-pons, ezikwindawo engaphantsi kwezakhiwo eziphakathi kwengqondo. Olunye uphawu olukhethekileyo lwe-medulla kukuba yahlula imithambo-luvo elawula intshukumo yemisipha (ekwicala lasekhohlo) kwimithambo-luvo elawula iimvakalelo ezifana nokuchukumisa, ubushushu, kunye nentlungu (ekwicala lasekunene).

Injani le nto? Imbonakalo, umbala, ubungakanani?

• Imilo:I-medulla idla ngokumila njengetyhubhu, okanye i-funnel. Inxalenye ephezulu, apho iqhagamshela khona kwii-pons, yeyona ibanzi.
• Umbala: Oku kudla ngokuba nombala o-beige okanye okhanyayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuba nombala opinki.
• Ubungakanani: I-medulla ibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa incinci kakhulu. Imalunga neesentimitha ezi-3 (malunga neesentimitha eziyi-1.1). Inxalenye enkulu enqamlezileyo imalunga neesentimitha ezi-2 (malunga neesentimitha eziyi-0.78).
• Ubunzima: Ubuchopho bomntu omdala obuqhelekileyo bunobunzima obuphakathi kwe-1.2 kunye ne-1.4 yeekhilogram (2.6 kunye ne-3.1 yeekhilogram). I-medulla ithatha malunga ne-0.5% yale nto. Oko kuthetha ukuba inobunzima obuphakathi kwe-59 kunye ne-72 grams (2 kunye ne-2.5 ounces). Incinci, kodwa yenza umsebenzi omninzi, akunjalo?

Yenziwe ngantoni le nto?

Njengezinye izicwili zobuchopho, i-medulla yenziwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto zobuchopho ezimhlophe nezingwevu kunye neeseli zemithambo-luvo. Izicwili zethu zobuchopho ziquka:

• Amanzi angama-77%
• Amafutha `(Lipids)` 11%
• Iproteni ye-8%
• Ezinye izinto 4%

Ziziphi izifo kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela i-medulla?

Le nxalenye incinci kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu inokuchaphazeleka zizifo ezahlukeneyo kunye neengxaki. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ii-Aneurysms (imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka nevuvukileyo)
• Umhlaza
• Umonakalo wobuchopho obangelwa kukwenzakala entloko, okufana nokuxhuzula ingqondo kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu
• Iistroke okanye ii-Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) (ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-mini-stroke)
• Kukwakho nezinye iimeko ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana ne-Moebius syndrome, i-multiple system atrophy, kunye ne-progressive supranuclear palsy.

Kukwakho neemeko ezininzi ezibangelwa kukufa kwentliziyo kwisiqu sobuchopho, ezaziwa ngamagama akhethekileyo:

• I-Wallenberg syndrome: Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-lateral medullary syndrome, le meko yenzeka xa ukuhamba kwegazi kwicala le-medulla kuphazamiseka, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kuloo ndawo. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwestroke oluchaphazela i-medulla.
• I-Dejerine syndrome: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-medial medullary syndrome, oku kwenzeka xa i-stroke ithintela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya embindini we-medulla, ichaphazela iiphiramidi apho imithambo-luvo inqumla khona.
• I-Bilateral medial medullary syndrome: Le yimeko engaqhelekanga. Idibanisa iimpawu zeDejerine syndrome kunye neWallenberg syndrome, ezichaphazela amacala omabini omzimba.
• Isifo sikaReinhold:Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-hemidemedullary syndrome. Oku kunqabile kakhulu. Ineempawu ze-Wallenberg kunye ne-Dejerine syndrome, kodwa i-Wallenberg syndrome ichaphazela icala elinye kuphela.
• I-Babinski-Nageotte kunye ne-Cestan-Chenais syndromes: Ezi zizifo ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu. Zibangelwa kukudibana kwezinye zeziphumo ze-Wallenberg syndrome kunye ne-Reinhold syndrome.

Zithini iimpawu zeengxaki kwi-medulla?

Iimpawu zeemeko ezichaphazela i-medulla zinokufana kakhulu nezo zibonwa kwiingxaki zamalungu omzimba aqhagamshelwe kwimithambo-luvo ehamba kwi-medulla. Nangona kunjalo , umahluko obalulekileyo kukuba xa unesifo sohlangothi esichaphazela i-medulla, uya kuba neempawu ezithile kwelinye icala lomzimba wakho kwaye ezinye kwelinye. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Iimpawu zestroke (umz., ukugoba kobuso, ukungakwazi ukuthetha, ukulahlekelwa lilungu lomzimba)
• Ukungakwazi okanye ukungabikho kolungelelwaniso (iimpawu ze-ataxia) - ukuhamba njengomntu onxilileyo, ongakwaziyo ukuqonda izinto.
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukurhawuzelela kwelizwi (iDysphonia)
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuziva ubushushu okanye intlungu kwinxalenye yomzimba okanye yobuso
• I-Nystagmus (iintshukumo zamehlo ezingalawulwayo)
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukukhubazeka (kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuso okanye zomzimba)
• Ubunzima bokuginya (i-Dysphagia)
• Iingxaki zokubona

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo ye-medulla?

Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinokunceda ekuchongeni iimeko ezichaphazela ingqondo yakho, kuquka ne-medulla. Ezinye zezona vavanyo zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi (umz., olo lukhangela iingxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela okanye izifo zemfuza)
• Iskeni ye-computerized tomography (CT)
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG) (ukujonga umsebenzi wombane wengqondo)
• I-Electromyogram (EMG) (ukujonga umsebenzi wemithambo-luvo kwimisipha)
• I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Iskeni se-Positron emission tomography (PET)
• Ukubhoboza umqolo/Ukubhoboza iLumbar

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwezifo ze-medulla?

Ezinye iindlela zonyango zezifo ze-medulla zichanekile, kuba le nxalenye yengqondo yenza imisebenzi ethile. Kwakhona, ngenxa yendawo ekuyo i-medulla, utyando lunokuba nzima kakhulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lungenzeki, ngenxa yomngcipheko omkhulu wokonakala kwezinye iindawo zengqondo okanye zomnqonqo okufutshane.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndigcine i-medulla yam isempilweni?

Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukuthintela umonakalo kwi-medulla yakho, okanye ukuphepha iimeko eziyichaphazelayo:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo.Ukuba awunazo iivithamini ezithile, ingakumbi i-vitamin B12, oku kunokuchaphazela ingqondo yakho, kuquka ne-medulla, kwaye kubangele iingxaki ezinkulu.
• Hlala usebenza ngokomzimba kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni. Iingxaki kwinkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi kunye nentliziyo zinokuchaphazela ingqondo yakho. Istroke ngomnye wemizekelo enjalo. Istroke sidla ngokubangelwa ziingxaki zentliziyo. Ukuhlala usebenza kunye nokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni kunokunceda ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko.
• Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela xa kuyimfuneko. Ukwenzakala entloko kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu engqondweni. Ukuxhuzula okanye ukwenzakala engqondweni okubuhlungu kunokwenzeka. Ukunxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela (ezifana nesigcina-ntloko) ngelixa usebenza okanye udlala kunokunceda ukukhusela ingqondo yakho kolu hlobo lokulimala.

Ingaba i-medulla iyawulawula umsindo kunye nokuziphatha okunobundlobongela?

Hayi, i-medulla yakho ayilawuli iimvakalelo ezifana nomsindo, umsindo, kunye nokuziphatha okunobundlongondlongo. Ezo mvakalelo zixhomekeke kwezinye iindawo ezimbini zobuchopho bakho, ngakumbi inkqubo ye-limbic. Indima ye-medulla kuphela ekuhlaseleni kukulawula izinga lentliziyo yakho, ukuphefumla, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi uyaqonda ngoku ukuba iMedulla Oblongata yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu, nokuba incinci kangakanani na. Isebenza njengesikhululo sokudlulisela imiyalezo, inceda ukuhambisa imiyalezo yemithambo-luvo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ngaphandle kwayo, ubungenakukwazi ukwenza into elula njengokubiza igama lakho, okanye enzima njengokubamba nokuphosa ibhola.

Ukwazi nge-medulla oblongata kunokukunceda uqonde ngcono umzimba wakho. Kuya kukunceda ukhathalele ngcono impilo yengqondo yakho kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Zama ukuhlala usempilweni!

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I-Medulla oblongata, isiqu sobuchopho, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ukuphefumla, ukubetha kwentliziyo, imithambo-luvo yentloko, istroke