Ngoko ke yintoni le nkqubo ye-endocrine?
Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngee-adrenal glands, kufuneka wazi kancinci malunga nokuba yintoni inkqubo ye-endocrine . Ngamafutshane, yingqokelela yee-glands emzimbeni wethu. Ezi glands zivelisa ii-chemical messengers ezibizwa ngokuba zii-hormones kwaye zizikhuphele ngqo egazini. Cinga ngee-hormones njengee-spenders ezincinci ezithwala imiyalezo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Ezi miyalezo zihamba ngegazi ukuze zixelele iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wethu, njengezitho zethu, ulusu, kunye nezihlunu, into ekufuneka yenziwe kunye nexesha ekufuneka yenziwe ngalo. Ezi hormones zilawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba wethu. Ii-glands eziphambili kwinkqubo yethu ye-endocrine zezi:- I-Hypothalamus
- Indawo yolwimi lamathe
- Indlala yegilo
- Iindlala zeParathyroid
- Iindlala ze-adrenal
- I-pineal gland
- I-Pancreas
- Amaqanda (abasetyhini)
- Amasende (amadoda)
Ngoko ke, kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene kwezi glands ze-adrenal?
Ama-adrenal glands ziingceba ezimbini ezincinci, ezimile okwesixantathu. Zibekwe phezu kwezintso zethu. Zifana nezigqubuthelo ezincinci kwizintso zethu. Zivelisa iihomoni ezininzi ezibalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Ezi homoni zilawula iinkqubo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Umzekelo:- I-Metabolism: Le yindlela esidala ngayo amandla ngokutya esikutyayo nendlela esikulawula ngayo.
- Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela : Inkqubo esikhusela kwizifo.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi: OlwethuUkulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Impendulo kuxinzelelo: Ukulungiselela umzimba ukuba ujongane noxinzelelo xa sijongene nalo, nokuba ngokwengqondo okanye ngokwasemzimbeni.
- Uphuhliso lweempawu zesondo.
I-Cortisol - 'i-hormone yoxinzelelo' yomzimba wethu!
I-Cortisol yi-hormone ekwiqela lee-hormone ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'glucocorticoids.' Yenza umsebenzi omninzi.- Ilawula indlela esetyenziswa ngayo amafutha, iiproteni kunye neecarbohydrate emizimbeni yethu.
- Inciphisa ukudumba emzimbeni.
- Ilawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Ukunyusa amanqanaba eswekile egazini.
- Ikwanceda ekulawuleni umjikelo wethu wokulala nokuvuka.
I-Aldosterone - umhlobo olinganisela uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye netyuwa!
I-Aldosterone yi-hormone ekwiqela leeminerali ezibizwa ngokuba yi-mineralocorticoids. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-sodium kunye ne-potassium (ii-electrolytes) egazini lethu. Le hormone ikwanceda ekulawuleni i-pH yegazi lethu (ukuba ingakanani i-acid okanye i-alkaline) ngokulawula amanqanaba e-electrolytes egazini.I-DHEA kunye ne-Androgenic Steroids - Uncedo oluncinci kwiimpawu zesondo!
Ezi homoni zithathwa njengeehomoni zamadoda ezibuthathaka. Oko kukuthi, azinampembelelo ibalulekileyo kwibhayoloji. Ziguqulwa zibe ziihomoni zabasetyhini (ii-estrogen) kuma-ovari abasetyhini kwaye zibe ziihomoni zamadoda (ii-androgens) kumasende amadoda. Ii-Androgens zihlala zithathwa njengeehomoni zamadoda, kodwa amanani amancinci nawo aveliswa ngokwemvelo ngumzimba wabasetyhini.I-Adrenaline/Epinephrine kunye neNoradrenaline/Norepinephrine - iiHormone 'zokulwa okanye ukubaleka'!
Ezi homoni zimbini zaziwa njengee homoni ezibandakanyekayo kwimpendulo " yokulwa okanye ukubaleka". Zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-catecholamines. I-Adrenaline kunye ne -noradrenaline zinokwenza oku kulandelayo:- Yandisa izinga lentliziyo yakho kunye namandla okuqina kwentliziyo yakho.
- Yandisa inani legazi elihamba liye kwimisipha yakho nasengqondweni.
- Nceda kwi-metabolism ye-glucose.
- Ezi zikwanceda ekulawuleni ukuxinana kwemithambo yegazi (vasoconstriction), nto leyo enceda ekugcineni uxinzelelo lwegazi luphezulu.
Ezi hormone zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini, akunjalo?
Ewe, iihomoni eziveliswa zii-adrenal glands zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini aphambili: 1. IiCatecholamines: Ezi liqela lezinto ezifanayo ezikhutshwa egazini yimizimba yethu ngenxa yoxinzelelo lomzimba okanye lwengqondo. Ii-catecholamines eziphambili yi-dopamine, i-adrenaline, kunye ne-noradrenaline. Inxalenye engaphakathi ye-adrenal gland, i-medulla , ivelisa kwaye ikhuphe i-adrenaline kunye ne-noradrenaline. 2. Iihomoni ze-steroid: Ezi zinceda ukulawula imetabolism, ukudumba, ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ityuwa kunye nokulinganisela kwamanzi, uphuhliso lweempawu zesondo, kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nezifo kunye nokwenzakala. Inxalenye engaphandle ye-adrenal gland, i-cortex , ivelisa kwaye ikhuphe iihomoni ze-steroid ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'glucocorticoids', 'mineralocorticoids', kunye ne-adrenal androgens.Ngaba amadlala e-adrenal asebenza odwa? Ngaba awadibani nezinye izitho zomzimba?
Hayi, ii-adrenal glands azisebenzi zodwa. Amanye amalungu omzimba wethu asebenza kunye nawo. Ezona ziphambili zezi:- I-Hypothalamus: Le yinxalenye encinci yobuchopho ebandakanyeka ekulawuleni iihomoni.
- I-pituitary gland: Le ikwayi-gland encinci esezantsi kwengqondo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-"master gland".
- Izintso.
- Inkqubo yeemvakalelo enovelwano.
Khawuthelekelele, oku kufana namasebe ahlukeneyo kwinkampani enkulu esebenza kunye. Amanye amasebe asebenza ngokomyalezo ovela kwelinye isebe. Yonke into yenzeka ngendlela edibeneyo kakhulu.
Ngaba umntu angaphila ngaphandle kwamadlala e-adrenal?
Ii-adrenal glands zivelisa ii-hormone ezibalulekileyo ukuze siphile. Ii-hormone zesondo kunye ne-cortisol zezona zibalulekileyo kwezi. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, ezinye iimeko ze-adrenal gland zinokufuna utyando (i-adrenalectomy) ukuze kususwe zombini ii-adrenal glands. Kwimeko enjalo, abantu kuya kufuneka bathathe amayeza okutshintsha ii-hormone eziveliswa zii-adrenal glands ubomi babo bonke.Ziphi ii-adrenal glands? Zithini iindawo zazo?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, unee-adrenal glands ezimbini. Zifumaneka phezu kwezintso zakho. Izintso zifumaneka ngaphantsi kwembambo yakho, kumacala omabini omqolo wakho. Xa ucinga nge-adrenal gland, ineenxalenye ezimbini eziphambili:IMedulla - inxalenye engaphakathi
Le yinxalenye yendlala ye-adrenal ekwindawo enzulu emzimbeni. Kulapho kukhutshwa khona iihomoni i-adrenaline (i-epinephrine) kunye ne -noradrenaline (i-norepinephrine) . Ezi homoni zilawula izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi, isantya sentliziyo, kunye nokubila. Ezi ziinkqubo ezilawulwa yinkqubo yemithambo-luvo esebenzisana neemvakalelo zomzimba.I-Cortex - inxalenye engaphandle
Le yinxalenye engaphandle ye-adrenal gland. Ikhupha iihomoni ze-'corticosteroid' kunye ne-'mineralocorticoid'. Ikwakhuthaza ukuveliswa kweehomoni ezincinci ze-steroid yesini yamadoda ('androgenic steroids') kule cortex. I-adrenal gland idla ngokuba malunga nesiqingatha se-intshi ukuphakama kunye nee-intshi ezintathu ubude. Zimile okwesangqa ukuya kunxantathu.Ziziphi izifo kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela amadlala e-adrenal?
Kukho iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela amadlala e-adrenal. Ezi zibangelwa kukuba amadlala e-adrenal avelisa i-hormone enye okanye ezingaphezulu kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu . Ezinye iingxaki zamadlala e-adrenal zezexeshana, kodwa ezinye zihlala ixesha elide (oko kuthetha ukuba zihlala ubomi bonke).Zingaba yintoni izizathu zoku?
Izifo ze-adrenal gland zinokwenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zezi:- Utshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo ( utshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo)
- Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni (oko kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela amalungu ayo)
- Iithumba, ezifana ne-pheochromocytomas.
- Ukonakala kwamadlala e-adrenal ngenxa yengozi, usulelo, okanye ukopha.
- Ingxaki nge-hypothalamus okanye i-pituitary gland yakho (zombini ezinceda ekulawuleni amadlala e-adrenal).
- Amanye amayeza e-steroid, afana ne-prednisone kunye ne-dexamethasone.
Ngoko ke zithini ezi zifo?
Nazi ezinye zeemeko ezinokunxulunyaniswa neendlala ze-adrenal:- Isifo sika-Addison (esaziwa ngokuba kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-adrenal):Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga sokuzikhusela komzimba esibangela ukuba amadlala e-adrenal avelise amanqanaba angaphantsi kwesiqhelo e-cortisol kunye ne-aldosterone.
- I-Cushing's syndrome: Le meko yenzeka xa amadlala e-adrenal evelisa i-cortisol eninzi kakhulu. Oku kunokubangelwa sisimila okanye amayeza athile.
- I-Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Le yimeko ekhoyo xa umntu ezalwa. Yenzeka xa umzimba ungenalo i-enzyme efunekayo kwiindlala ze-adrenal ukuze kwenziwe iihomoni.
- I-Hirsutism: Le meko ibonakaliswa kukukhula kweenwele ngokugqithisileyo emzimbeni wabasetyhini. Ibangelwa kukwanda kwamanqanaba e-androgens akhiqizwa yi-adrenal glands.
- I-aldosteronism ephambili (i-Conn's syndrome): Le meko yenzeka xa amadlala e-adrenal evelisa i-aldosterone eninzi kakhulu.
- Ukopha okukhulu kwe-bilateral adrenal (i-Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome): Le yimeko eyenzeka ngequbuliso apho amadlala e-adrenal ehluleka khona ngenxa yokopha kwi-gland. Idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nosulelo olubi olubizwa ngokuba yi-sepsis.
Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala zeengxaki ze-adrenal gland?
Iimpawu zeengxaki ze-adrenal gland ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiihomoni ezichaphazelekayo . Kwakhona, uninzi lweempawu zeengxaki ze-adrenal gland zinokufana neempawu zezinye izifo. Ezinye zeempawu ezinokunxulunyaniswa neenkqubo zomzimba ezilawulwa ziihomoni ze-adrenal ziquka:- Iimpawu zemetabolism: Ukunyuka okanye ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga, ukudinwa, amanqanaba aphezulu okanye aphantsi eswekile egazini rhoqo, ubuthathaka.
- Iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Ukugula okanye ukosuleleka rhoqo.
- Iimpawu ezinxulumene noxinzelelo lwegazi: uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi) .
- Iimpawu ezinxulumene neempawu zesondo (ezichaphazela amantombazana kunye namakhwenkwe angaphambi kokukhula): ukukhula kweenwele zobuso kunye/okanye impandla, i-acne, ukuqaqamba kwelizwi, uphuhliso lwezihlunu.
Ndingayijonga njani impilo yamadlala am e-adrenal?
Ukuba uneempawu ezibonisa ukuba unokuba nengxaki ngeendlala zakho ze-adrenal, ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo olulinganisa amanqanaba eehomoni ezahlukeneyo ze-adrenal. Ukuba ezo ziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa amanqanaba angaqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo lwemifanekiso , olufana ne-CT scans (computed tomography scans) okanye i-MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging). Ugqirha wakho angakuthumela kwi-endocrinologist.Ungathunyelwa kwingcali, ugqirha ogxile kwizifo zamahomoni kunye nenkqubo ye-endocrine.Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha malunga neendlala zam ze-adrenal? (Okokugqibela kodwa kungengona kuncinci!)
Kulungile, ngoku ekubeni sithethe ngayo, kufuneka uqonde ukubaluleka kwamadlala e-adrenal emizimbeni yethu. Ngoko ke, ukuba uneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla , ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, okanye ukwehla okanye ukutyeba okungachazwanga, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho . Nangona kunokubakho ezinye izizathu zezi mpawu, isenokuba yingxaki namadlala e-adrenal.Khumbula, ii-adrenal glands zakho zivelisa ii-hormone ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yomzimba wakho yemihla ngemihla. Ukuba uneempawu zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-adrenal gland, okanye ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba unayo nayiphi na into ebangela umngcipheko wengxaki ye-adrenal gland, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Balapha ukukunceda.Ngoko ke, ngoku uyazi okuninzi ngezi glands zincinci kodwa zinamandla ze-adrenal, akunjalo? Hlala usempilweni!
Iindlala ze-adrenal, iihomoni, i-cortisol, i-adrenaline, inkqubo ye-endocrine, uxinzelelo, izintso
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