Molo! Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngamajoni abaluleke kakhulu nangaqhelekanga ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Njengamajoni akhusela ilizwe lethu, la maseli asikhusela nakwizifo ezingena emizimbeni yethu, ingakumbi kwiintshaba ezifana neentsholongwane. Siwabiza la maseli amancinci
e-T cells njenge-cytotoxic . Amanye awabiza ngokuba 'zii-killer T cells'. Musa ukoyika, nangona elo gama, bangabahlobo bethu abakhulu!
Zithini ezi seli ze-T ezinobungozi?
Ngamafutshane, ezi `(iiseli ze-T ezine-Cytotoxic)`
luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Kufana neqela elikhethekileyo lamapolisa. Umsebenzi wabo ophambili kukufumana nokutshabalalisa iiseli ezinentsholongwane xa izinto ezifana neentsholongwane zingena kwiiseli zomzimba wethu. Yiyo loo nto abanye abantu bezibiza ngokuba
zii-'Killer T cells' . Nangona igama linzima kancinci, zinceda kakhulu. Khawucinge nje, sine-gland encinci ebizwa ngokuba yi
-'(Thymus)' ngaphambili esifubeni. Kulapho ezi ntlobo zintathu zeeseli ze-T ziveliswa khona ikakhulu.
- Ii-Helper T cells: Ezi zezona zivuselela ezinye iiseli zomzimba kwaye zithi kuzo, "Kukho umlo apha, qalisa ukusebenza."
- Iiseli ze-T ezilawulayo : Umsebenzi wazo kukulawula ezinye iiseli zomzimba xa kufuneka. Kufana nokuthi, "Kulungile, kwanele, yeka" xa umlo uphelile.
- Umlinganiswa wethu ophambili, ii-Cytotoxic T cells: Ezi zezona zilwa ngqo kwaye zitshabalalise iiseli ezisulelekileyo.
Ngaba ezi seli zezenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba?
Hayi, awunakutsho oko. Ezi `(ii-Cytotoxic T cells)` zezo zibizwa ngokuba
yi-'cell-mediated immunity' . Ziyinxalenye ye
-'adaptive immunity' . Ngoku ubuza, 'Yintoni le innate immunity kunye ne-adaptive immunity?' Cinga ngayo ngolu hlobo:
- Ukuzikhusela komzimba yindlela yokuzikhusela ekhoyo emizimbeni yethu xa sizalwa. Ifana neendonga zenqaba, isabela kulo naliphi na utshaba ngendlela efanayo, ngaphandle kokukhetha okukhethekileyo.
- Ukuzikhusela okuguqukayo kukuzikhusela esikufumanayo kancinci kancinci xa sichatshazelwa zizifo okanye izinto zangaphandle ezivela ngaphandle. Oku kucacile kakhulu. Kufana nomkhosi oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa. Ukuba badibana notshaba abalwaziyo ngaphambili, bayalukhumbula baze baluhlasele ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo. Yindlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi `(ii-Cytotoxic T cells)`.
Ngoko ke yintoni umahluko phakathi kwee-cytotoxic T cells kunye nee-natural killer cells?
Zombini ezi zizixhobo zokuzikhusela zomzimba wethu, kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci kwindlela ezisebenza ngayo. Cinga nje, `(ii-Cytotoxic T cells)` zifana nee-commandos ezisebenza kuphela xa zifumana ingcebiso ekhethekileyo yobukrelekrele. Oko kuthetha ukuba, zihlasela izinto ezifana neentsholongwane, into ethile
Emva kokuba isebenze yi-'antigen'. Kodwa 'ii-Natural Killer cells' zahlukile kancinci. Azidingi kuvuselelwa okukhethekileyo ukuze zihlasele iiseli ezinobungozi. Ziya emsebenzini kwangoko nje xa zibona ukuba 'kukho ingxaki'. Ngamafutshane:- Iiseli ze-T ezinetyhefu ziyinxalenye yempendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela eguquguqukayo esithethe ngayo ngaphambili.
- ``Iiseli zokubulala zendalo'' ziyinxalenye 'yempendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela'' .
Ngoku umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini ucacile, akunjalo? Zisebenza njani ezi seli ze-T ezinobungozi?
Le yindlela emangalisayo kakhulu. Cinga ngayo, yonke `(iseli ye-Cytotoxic T)` inento ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi `(i-CD8 receptor)` kumphezulu wayo. Ifana nesixhobo esikhethekileyo esinaso umcuphi. Le `(i-CD8 receptor)` ibopha kwi `(iimolekyuli ze-MHC Class I)` kumphezulu weeseli zomzimba wethu. Ezi `(iimolekyuli ze-MHC Class I)` zifana neflegi ebonisa xa iseli ephilileyo yosulelekile. Ngoko ke, kwangoko nje ukuba loo `(i-CD8 receptor)` ibone iseli esulelekileyo, `(iiseli ze-Cytotoxic T)` zethu ziyavuselelwa. Emva koko kwenzeka umsebenzi wokwenyani. Ezi `(iiseli ze-Cytotoxic T)` ezisebenzayo zivelisa iimolekyuli ezikhethekileyo, ezenzelwe ukutshabalalisa olo sulelo. Njengerokhethi ebetha ithagethi, iya ngqo kwiseli esulelekileyo ize iyitshabalalise. Oku kunciphisa amathuba okusasazeka kwentsholongwane emzimbeni wonke. Akumangalisi na ukuba ezi seli zincinci zenzani? Iiseli ze-T ezinobungozi kunye neeseli ze-T ezincedisayo zisebenza njani kunye?
Aba babini bafana nabahlobo abasenyongweni kwiqela elinye. Ii-Helper T cells zinceda ezinye iiseli kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Xa zibona usulelo, zikhupha izithunywa zeekhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cytokines . Ezi cytokines zifana nemiyalezo engxamisekileyo exelela ezinye iiseli zomzimba ukuba, "Kukho ingxaki, yiza ngokukhawuleza." Ezi cytokines zezona zivuselela ii-cytotoxic T cells zethu kwaye zizincede ekulweni nosulelo. Ngamanye amazwi, ii-helper T cells zixelela ii-cytotoxic T cells ukuba, "Kulungile, ngoku lixesha lakho, hamba uye kwenza umsebenzi wakho." Olu luvo lokusebenza kunye yilo lwenza inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela isebenze kangaka. Ziphi ezi seli ze-cytotoxic T ezifumaneka emizimbeni yethu?
Iiseli ze-T ziqala ukukhula 'kumongo wethu' . Emva koko, ukuze zikhule ngakumbi, oko kukuthi, 'uqeqesho', ziya kwi-'(Thymus)' gland ebesithethe ngayo ngaphambili. Kufana nokuya kwisikolo soqeqesho. Kukule '(Thymus)' apho iiseli ze-T ziphuhliswe kakuhle kwaye zilungele ukusebenza. Emva koko, '(Thymus)' ijikeleza ezi seli kuwo wonke umzimba. 'Inkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic'Kukho inani elikhulu lala ma-T cells emzimbeni wonke. Ama-T cells ane-cytotoxic axinene kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba afumaneka ngamanani amakhulu, kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:- Ummongo wethambo
- Amathumbu
- Imiphunga
- Ithumba
- Ispleen
- Iitoni
Ezi ziindawo apho bahlala belindile, belungele ukuya edabini nangaliphi na ixesha. Ngaba kukho naziphi na izifo ezichaphazela ezi seli ze-T ezinobungozi?
Ewe, ngelishwa, kukho izifo ezinokuchaphazela ezi seli zethu zokuzikhusela ezixabisekileyo. Ezinye 'izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo' zichaphazela ukusebenza kweeseli ze-T. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela iqala ukuhlasela iiseli zethu. Yimeko ebuhlungu kakhulu. Ukongeza, kukho nezinye iimeko ezininzi ezichaphazela iiseli ze-T:- I-Acute lymphocytic leukemia : Olu luhlobo lomhlaza oluqala egazini nakwithambo lomongo.
- I-lymphoma yabantu abadala iHodgkin: Kolu hlobo lomhlaza, iiseli zomhlaza ziqala kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic.
- Intsholongwane ye-HIV : Le yintsholongwane ehlasela iiseli zethu ezimhlophe zegazi. Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokukhokelela kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -`(AIDS) `.
- I-Job syndrome: Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu senkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esibangela usulelo oluqhelekileyo.
- I-Thymic aplasia: Kule meko, umntu uzalwa ene-thymus gland enesiphene, ethintela ukuvuthwa kweeseli ze-T.
Kwezi meko, ii-T cells zethu azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo ngokufanelekileyo, yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kangaka ukugcina inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isempilweni.
Zeziphi ezinye izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ukuze sigcine amajoni ethu omzimba esempilweni?
Enyanisweni, utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela esiphila ngayo lunokunceda kakhulu ekugcineni amajoni ethu omzimba eqinile. Cinga ngako njengokubonelela ngamandla alungileyo kunye nendawo efanelekileyo kumajoni ethu okhuseleko. Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula onokuzenza:- Ziphephe utywala, okanye uzinciphise kangangoko unako. Ukusela utywala kakhulu kuyawunciphisa amandla omzimba okuzikhusela.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo okuzele ziziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi, iinkozo ezipheleleyo, iiproteni ezingenamafutha (ezifana nentlanzi, inkukhu), kunye namafutha asempilweni (ezifana neavokhado, amantongomane). Ezi zezona zinto zibonelela ngesondlo esifunekayo emizimbeni yethu nakwiiseli zomzimba.
- Zilolonge rhoqo . Faka imithambo eqinisa umzimba wakho, eyonyusa ukuguquguquka, neyonyusa isantya sentliziyo yakho (i-aerobic). Ukuhamba ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku sisiqalo esihle.
- Lala kakuhle ubuncinane iiyure ezisixhenxe ukuya kwezisibhozo ngobusuku. Ukulala kukuphumla komzimba nengqondo, kwaye kunceda inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba izilungise.
- Ukuba uyatshaya , yeka. Ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba kungonakalisa kakhulu inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokuyeka, thetha nogqirha wakho.
- Ukuze uzikhusele kwiintsholongwane, hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha namanzi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kokutya, emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nasemva kokuphuma ngaphandle.
Ukuba ukongeza ezi zinto zincinci ebomini bakho, inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela iya kufumana amandla amakhulu okukukhusela kwizifo. Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu esizifundileyo namhlanje? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)
Mhlawumbi ngoku uyaqonda ukuba ii-`(ii-Cytotoxic T cells)` esithethe ngazo namhlanje luhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lweeseli kwinkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Zezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili zeeseli eziveliswa kwi-`(Thymus)` gland yethu. Ngamafutshane, nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule:- Iiseli ze-T ezinetyhefu ziingcali ezilwa nosulelo, ingakumbi usulelo lweentsholongwane.
- Zona, kunye "nee-Helper T cells", zisebenza njengenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu ''yokuzikhusela komzimba okuziqhelanisayo'' .
- Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango zinokuchaphazela ii-T cells zethu.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni, sinokugcina amajoni ethu omzimba eqinile kwaye sincede ezi T cells zixabisekileyo.
Ngoko ke, ngoku uyazi okuninzi ngezi zikhuseli zincinci, kodwa zinamandla kakhulu ezisebenzela wena ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Luxanduva lwakho ukuzinyamekela kakuhle!
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