Abantu abaninzi kusapho lwam baye baba nomhlaza... ngoko ke ndiza kuwufumana? Olu loyiko, lo mbuzo yinto esezingqondweni zabaninzi bethu. Sivile ukuba ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, oko kukuthi, zivela kwiijini, akunjalo? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngendlela ekhethekileyo enokukunceda ufumane ukuba unobungozi bomhlaza ozuzwe njengelifa.
Yintoni le vavanyo lwemfuza?
Ngamafutshane, olu luvavanyo olujonga i-DNA emizimbeni yethu. Cinga ngemizimba yethu njengencwadi enkulu yemiyalelo. Le ncwadi ixelela yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu indlela yokusebenza, indlela emele yahlulwe ngayo, kunye nexesha ekufanele ife ngalo. Le miyalelo yile nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-genes .
Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho iimpazamo okanye ezinye iimpazamo kwesi sikhokelo. Ngokwezonyango, ezi nguqu zemfuza sizibiza ngokuba yi- genetic mutations . Umhlaza uvela xa iiseli eziqhelekileyo ziqala ukwahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo ngenxa yolu hlobo lwenguqu yemfuza.
Uninzi lwexesha, ezi nguqu zemfuza ezibangela umhlaza azizuzwa njengelifa. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-10% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza zibangelwa ziinguqu zemfuza esizizuza kubazali bethu. Uvavanyo lwemfuza lubandakanya ukuthatha isampuli yegazi lakho okanye amathe kwaye ukhangele utshintsho lwemfuza emzimbeni wakho.
Kodwa khumbula oku. Nokuba olu vavanyo lufumanisa ukuba une-genetic mutation eyonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza, akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba nomhlaza. Kuthetha nje ukuba 'umngcipheko' wakho wokuba nomhlaza uphezulu kancinci kunabanye abantu.
Umcebisi ngezemfuza angakuchazela ngqo indlela ezi ziphumo ezinokuthi ziyichaphazele ngayo impilo yakho.
Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza ezinokuzuzwa njengelifa?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza ezinokubangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuzuzwe njengelifa. Ezona ziphambili zezi:
- Umhlaza webele
- Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu
- Umhlaza wezintso
- Umhlaza wesibeleko
- Umhlaza wePancreatic
- Umhlaza weprostate
- Umhlaza wesisu
- Umhlaza we-thyroid
- Umhlaza wesibeleko
Olu vavanyo lwemfuza aluvavanyi umhlaza. Endaweni yoko, luvavanya utshintsho oluthile lwemfuza olunokubangela umhlaza. Oososayensi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku bafumanise ii-genes ezingaphezu kwama-400 ezinxulumene nomhlaza wofuzo. Ezi zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amathathu aphambili.
| Uhlobo lwejini | Kalula nje, oko ukwenzayo | Kwenzeka ntoni xa igqwethekile? |
|---|---|---|
| Izakhi zofuzo ezithintela umhlaza Umzekelo: ii-BRCA, ii-P53 genes | Ezi zifana 'neebhuleki' zemoto. Umsebenzi wazo kukuthintela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. | Kanye njengokuba imoto ingenakuma xa iibhuleki ziyeka ukusebenza, xa ezi jini zitshintshatshintsha, iiseli zomhlaza zikhula ngendlela engalawulekiyo. |
| Iiproto-oncogenes | Ezi zifana 'ne-accelerator' emotweni. Zinceda iiseli zikhule ngesantya esiqhelekileyo, njengoko kufuneka. | Kanye njengokuba xa i-accelerator ixinyiwe, isantya semoto asinakulawulwa, xa ezi zinto zijijekile, ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza kuyakhawuleza. |
| Izakhi zofuzo zokulungisa i-DNA | Ezi zifana 'negaraji' apho kwakhiwe khona iimoto. Zilungisa iimpazamo kunye nomonakalo owenzeka kwi-DNA yethu. | Njengokuba imoto ingenakulungiswa xa igaraji ivaliwe, xa ezi jini zitshintshile, iimpazamo zeDNA azinakulungiswa, nto leyo evula indlela yokuba kubekho umhlaza. |
Ngubani ofuna ukwenza olu hlobo lovavanyo?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba unokuba nomngcipheko womhlaza ngenxa yelifa lakho ngokusekelwe kwimbali yakho yezonyango okanye imbali yezonyango yosapho, unokucebisa olu vavanyo.
Ngokwembali yakho yezonyango:
- Ukuba ukhe waba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza .
- Ukuba wawunomhlaza usemncinci kakhulu .
- Ukuba umntu oneminyaka okanye isini sakho ufunyaniswe enohlobo lomhlaza, loo nto ayiqhelekanga .
- Kuzo zombini izitho zomzimba ezidibeneyo , njengezintso ezimbini namabele amabiniUkuba unomhlaza.
- Ukuba unezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene neempawu ezithile zomhlaza ezidluliselwa kwilifa (umzekelo, umntu one-Neurofibromatosis Type 1 usenokuba namaqhuma angengomhlaza).
Ngokwembali yezonyango yosapho lwakho:
- Ukuba abantu abaninzi kusapho lwakho baye baba nohlobo olufanayo lomhlaza .
- Ukuba amalungu amaninzi osapho afumene umhlaza eselula .
- Ukuba izalamane ezininzi kwicala elinye losapho ziye zafumana uhlobo olufanayo lomhlaza (umz., kwicala likamama).
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho osele efunyenwe ene-genetic mutation, oko kwandisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza.
"Isalamane esisondeleyo" sinokukubhida kancinci, akunjalo? Oogqirha badla ngokuthatha izalamane zakho ezikwinqanaba lokuqala njengezona zibalulekileyo. Oko kuthetha umama wakho, utata wakho, abantakwenu, kunye nabantwana bakho . Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, imbali yezonyango yezalamane ezikude nayo inokuba yinto ebalulekileyo.
Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba uyaludinga olu vavanyo okanye akunjalo, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho okanye nomcebisi wezofuzo ngalo .
Lwenziwa njani olu vavanyo?
Inyathelo lokuqala nelibaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba wenze olu vavanyo kukufumana iingcebiso ngemfuza . Umcebisi oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa uza kukuchazela yonke into.
- Ingaba olu vavanyo lufanelekile kuwe ngokwenene?
- Yeyiphi eyona vavanyo ifanelekileyo kuwe?
- Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengxaki zolu vavanyo?
- Iziphumo zingachaphazela impilo yakho nobomi bakho.
- Ezi ziphumo ziyichaphazela njani intsapho yakho?
Emva kokuxoxa ngako konke oku, uvavanyo lwenziwa ngokweminqweno yakho. Ngokwesiqhelo, kuthathwa isampuli yegazi okanye isampuli yamathe kuwe ize ithunyelwe kwilebhu. Apho, iingcali zijonga iijini zakho ukuze zibone utshintsho. Nje ukuba iziphumo zingeniswe, ingxelo ithunyelwa kugqirha wakho.
Usenokuba ukhe wazibona izixhobo zovavanyo zasekhaya. Kodwa iziphumo abazinikayo azisoloko ziphelele okanye zichanekile. Kwakhona, xa zenziwe ngugqirha , ubumfihlo bolwazi lwakho lwezonyango bukhuselwe ngumthetho . Ke ngoko , kusoloko kukhuselekile kwaye kungcono ukwenza oku ngokubonisana nogqirha okanye nomcebisi wezemfuza .
Kudla ngokuthatha malunga neeveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu ukufumana iziphumo.
Ungaziqonda njani iimpendulo kwingxelo yovavanyo?
Iziphumo zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili.
| Isiphumo | Ithetha ntoni le nto? |
|---|---|
| Elungileyo | Ufunyaniswe ukuba une-genetic mutation eyonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza. Oko akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba nomhlaza, kodwa umngcipheko uphezulu . |
| Okungalunganga | Iijini ezivavanyiweyo azizange zifumane tshintsho lomhlaza oluyandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza. Ukuba uyazi ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onalo tshintsho, kodwa wena ungenalo, lubizwa ngokuba "yi-true negative." |
| Uhlobo lokubaluleka okungaqinisekanga (VUS) | Kufunyenwe utshintsho (utshintsho) kwiijini zakho, kodwa izazinzulu azikaqiniseki ukuba luyandisa na umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza. Lusenokuba lutshintsho oluqhelekileyo, olungenabungozi, okanye lusenokuba lolo lunokudityaniswa nomhlaza kwixesha elizayo. |
Wenza ntoni emva kokufumana iziphumo?
Nokuba iziphumo zakho zithini na, umcebisi wezemfuza uza kuthetha nawe ngazo ngokweenkcukacha. Ukuba iziphumo zilungile , uza kuthetha ngale:
- Utshintsho kwisicwangciso sakho sempilo: Ixoxa ngokuhlolwa okukhethekileyo komhlaza kwangethuba, okufana neemammograms okanye iikholonoscopies rhoqo, kunye nezinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho womhlaza.
- Ucwangciso-ntsapho: Olu tshintsho lwemfuza luxoxwa ngalo malunga namathuba okuludlulisela kumntwana wakho.
- Ukwazisa usapho: Oku kuza kuthetha ngendlela isiphumo esiya kuzichaphazela ngayo izalamane zakho zegazi (abazali, abantakwenu, abantwana) kunye namanyathelo ekufuneka bawathathe.
Nokuba iziphumo zithi azikho okanye zi-VUS , kunokufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho rhoqo okanye wenze olunye uvavanyo. Ukuba kufumaneka ulwazi olutsha lwesayensi malunga neziphumo ze-VUS, ugqirha wakho uza kukwazisa.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye nemingeni yolu vavanyo?
Njengalo naluphi na uvavanyo lwezonyango, olu luneengenelo zalo kunye nemingeni ethile.
| Iinzuzo | Iingxaki/Imingeni |
|---|---|
| Uloyiko nokungaqiniseki entliziyweni yam kuyanyamalala kwaye ndiziva ndikhululekile. | Uloyiko olungeyomfuneko, ixhala, kunye noxinzelelo malunga neziphumo zinokuvela. |
| Ungathatha amanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza kwaye uwubone kwangethuba. | Ukwazisa amalungu osapho ngale nto kunokuchaphazela ubudlelwane. |
| Ugqirha wakho uza kukunceda wenze isicwangciso sempilo esilungele wena. | Ukuziva unetyala kunokubangelwa yinto ezuzwe njengelifa. |
| Usapho lwakho lufumana ithuba lokuqaphela iingozi zempilo yalo. | Uvavanyo lubiza imali ethile. |
Umcebisi ngezemfuza angakunceda ujongane nezi mvakalelo zeemvakalelo aze akukhokele kwindlela yokuthetha nosapho lwakho ngale nto, yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kangaka ukuba ufumane inkxaso yabo kulo lonke eli xesha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lwemfuza lomhlaza alukuxeleli ukuba unomhlaza, kodwa luchaza kuphela umngcipheko wakho wokufumana umhlaza.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nomcebisi wezofuzo ngaphambi nasemva kokufumana iziphumo zolu vavanyo.
- Nokuba iziphumo zilungile, ungoyiki kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afunekayo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho kwaye ufumane umhlaza kwangethuba, njengoko ugqirha wakho ecebisa.
- Ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nangokunyaniseka nogqirha wakho ngembali yomhlaza yentsapho yakho yenye yezona ndlela zibalaseleyo onokuzithatha ukukhusela impilo yakho.
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