Yintoni oyaziyo ngale ndawo imangalisayo esifubeni (i-mediastinum)? Makhe sithethe ngokweenkcukacha!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba intliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu igcinwa njani ikhuselekile kwaye iphilile esifubeni sakho? I-mediastinum yindawo ebalulekileyo enceda ukuyigcina ikhuselekile, njengendlu. Ngamafutshane, yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu esifubeni sethu, phakathi kwemiphunga emibini. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe namhlanje.

Yintoni iMediastinum?

Ngamafutshane, i-mediastinum yakho yindawo engaphakathi esifubeni sakho. Iqulethe intliziyo yakho kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo. Umqolo wakho wesifuba, okanye umqolo wakho wesifuba, wenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu aphambili. Amanye amacandelo amabini yi-pleural cavity yasekhohlo, equlethe umphunga wakho wasekhohlo, kunye ne-pleural cavity yasekunene, equlethe umphunga wakho wasekunene. Isithuba esiphakathi kwezo ngxinano zimbini ze-pleural yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-mediastinum. Yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu, akunjalo?

Zithini izakhiwo ezikwi-mediastinum?

Kukho izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwi-mediastinum yakho, kuquka amalungu omzimba kunye nemithambo yegazi. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.

Amalungu akwi-mediastinum:

• Umphimbo : Xa usitya, ukutya kuhamba ukusuka emqaleni ukuya esiswini sakho nge-esophagus, okanye umbhobho wokutya njengoko siwubiza njalo. Kuhamba nakule mediastinum.
• Intliziyo : Intliziyo, epompa igazi emzimbeni wethu wonke, ikwindawo ephakathi kwesi sixhobo sokukhusela esifana nesikhwama esijikeleze intliziyo, esibizwa ngokuba yi- pericardium ?
• I-Thymus: Le yi-gland enceda amajoni ethu omzimba. Isebenza kakhulu xa sisebancinci, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba sifikise. Ikwindawo ephezulu, engaphambili ye-mediastinum.
• I-Trachea : I-windpipe, okanye i-bronchi, esinceda siphefumle ibekwe phambi komqala. Iqala ukusuka entanyeni iye esifubeni, ize yahlulwe ibe zimbini ize iye kwicala ngalinye lemiphunga.

Imithambo yegazi kwi-mediastinum:

• Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wasekhohlo: Lo mthambo unceda ukubuyisela igazi elivela kwicala lasekhohlo lomzimba wethu ongasentla entliziyweni. Uqhagamshelwe ngqo kumthambo omkhulu obizwa ngokuba yi-vena cava ephezulu.
• I-vena cava ephezulu:Lo ngumthambo omkhulu othwala igazi ukusuka emzimbeni ongaphezulu ukuya entliziyweni. Uqhagamshelwe ngqo kwi-atrium yasekunene, igumbi eliphezulu lasekunene lentliziyo.
• Isiqu semiphunga: Lo mthambo wegazi uqhagamshela kwi-ventricle yasekunene yentliziyo kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pulmonary valve. Emva kokuphuma entliziyweni, uyahlukana ube yimithambo yemiphunga yasekunene neyasekhohlo, uthwala igazi uye emiphungeni ukuze ufumane ioksijini.
• I-Thoracic aorta : Umthambo omkhulu emzimbeni wethu yi -aorta . Nguwo othwala igazi elineoksijini ukuya kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba kunye nezicubu zomzimba. Uqhagamshela kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo yentliziyo kwi-aortic valve. Ukusuka apho, uhamba esifubeni nasesiswini. Inxalenye ehamba esifubeni, i-thoracic aorta, ikwi-mediastinum. Ikwanazo neendawo, umzekelo, i-ascending aorta, i-aorta ye-aorta, kunye ne-descending thoracic aorta.

Ezinye izakhiwo kwi-mediastinum:

Ukongeza kwezi zinto ziphambili, kukho nezinye izinto kule ndawo:

• Izicubu ezinamafutha nezinxibelelanayo
• Ithumba
• Imiva
• Umbhobho wesifuba
• Umqolo wesifuba (inxalenye yomqolo enxulumene nesifuba)

Zithini imisebenzi ye-mediastinum?

Kulungile, kwenzeka ntoni kule mediastinum? Ibaluleke ngantoni le nto?

• Njengekhaya lentliziyo nemithambo yegazi emikhulu: Isebenza njengendawo ekhuselekileyo nezinzileyo yemithambo yegazi emikhulu eqhagamshelwe ngqo entliziyweni kwaye ithwala igazi lingene liphume, kunye nentliziyo.
• Ibonelela ngokhuseleko: I-thymus ikhusela amalungu abalulekileyo njengentliziyo. Izicubu ezinamafutha kunye nezicubu ezidityanisiweyo kwi-mediastinum zisebenza njengomqamelo ojikeleze la malungu. Ukongeza, i-sternum, okanye 'ithambo eliphakathi lesifuba ', elingaphambili kwesifuba sethu, libonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelekileyo kule ndawo ibalulekileyo.
• Isebenza njengendlela yokuhamba: Yicinge njengesikhululo sikaloliwe esibalulekileyo . I-mediastinum isebenza njengendlela yokuhamba kwezinto (ezifana nokutya nokuphefumla) phakathi kwentamo nesifuba, naphakathi kwesifuba nesisu. Umzekelo, umphimbo uthwala ukutya nesiselo ukusuka emqaleni ukuya esiswini ngale mediastinum.

Iphi i-mediastinum?

Ngoku uyazi kakuhle apho i-mediastinum ikhoyo. Iphakathi kwesifuba, phakathi kwemiphunga emibini.Igama lesiLatini elithi "mediastinum" lithetha "phakathi". Imida yalo yile ilandelayo:

• Umda ophezulu: Apho intamo iqala khona, oko kukuthi, isiseko sentamo.
• Umda ongaphantsi: I-diaphragm. Le yimisipha emikhulu eyahlula umngxuma wesifuba kumngxuma wesisu.
• Umda ongaphambili: I-sternum, okanye ithambo eliphakathi lesifuba.
• Umda ongasemva: umqolo.
• Imida esecaleni: Iingxowa zepleural ezijikeleze imiphunga yasekhohlo neyasekunene.

Zithini iindawo ze-mediastinum?

Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi iindawo zale mediastinum. Yahlulwe yangamacandelo aliqela. Oogqirha babiza ezi 'compartments'. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzihlela. Eyona nto iphambili ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba i-mediastinum inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu okanye amane. Kwaye loo magama abhekisa apho zikhoyo ezo ndawo zesifuba.

Ukuhlelwa kwemveli okunezigaba ezine

Ngokwale nkqubo indala, yendabuko, i-mediastinum yahlulwe yangamacandelo amane:

• I-mediastinum ephezulu: Inxalenye ephezulu. Ngaphezulu kwentliziyo.
• I-Anterior mediastinum: Indawo ephambi kwentliziyo. Phakathi kwentliziyo kunye ne-sternum.
• I-mediastinum ephakathi: Inxalenye equlethe intliziyo.
• I-mediastinum yangasemva: Inxalenye engasemva kwentliziyo.

Olu hlulo lusekelwe kwimifanekiso ye-X-reyi. Ngoko ke, lujonga intliziyo ngeendlela ezimbini (2D).

Uhlu lwe-ITMIG olunezigaba ezintathu

I-International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) yazisa le nkqubo intsha enamacandelo amathathu. Isekelwe kwimifanekiso enqamlezileyo (ii-CT scans) kwaye yindlela yokubona intliziyo enamacala amathathu (3D). Ngokwale nkqubo, i-mediastinum yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: 1. I-Prevascular compartment: Le iphambi kwentliziyo, phakathi kwentliziyo kunye nethambo lesifuba. Iqulethe:

• Amafutha
• Umthambo we-brachiocephalic wasekhohlo
• Ithumba
• I-Thymus

2. Inxalenye ye-visceral: Le yindawo ephakathi, apho intliziyo ikhoyo. Yintoni engaphakathi kuyo:

• Umphimbo (inxalenye yawo)
• Intliziyo
• Ithumba
• Umzimba wepulmonary
• I-vena cava ephezulu
• I-aorta yesifuba
• Umbhobho wesifuba
• I-Trachea (inxalenye yayo)

3. Icandelo le-Paravertebral:Le ikwindawo engasemva kwentliziyo, phakathi kwentliziyo nomqolo. Iqulethe:

• Izicubu ezithambileyo ze-Paravertebral
• Umqolo wesifuba

Khumbula, i-mediastinum ayilondawo ithe tyaba, yindawo enamacala amathathu (3D). Ifana ne-diorama oyakhayo ngaphakathi kwebhokisi encinci. Izinto ezingaphakathi zicwangciswe ngendlela ehlelekileyo ukunceda imizimba yethu isebenze kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifo zinokuchaphazela amalungu kunye nezicubu ezikwi-mediastinum, kwaye olu lungelelwano lunokuphazamiseka.

Ziziphi iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela i-mediastinum?

Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zinokuchaphazela amalungu kunye nezicubu ezikwi-mediastinum. Ezinye zazo ziqala kwi-mediastinum ngokwayo, njengee-tumor zokuqala okanye ii-cysts ezizaliswe lulwelo. Ngamanye amaxesha, isifo, esifana nomhlaza, sinokusasazeka siye kwi-mediastinum sisuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Usulelo oluchaphazela umzimba wonke lunokuchaphazela ne-mediastinum. Ezinye zeemeko ezinokuchaphazela i-mediastinum ziquka:

• Ukuqhaqha kwe-Aortic
• I-tamponade yentliziyo
• Umhlaza wesisu
• I-Goiter
• Isifo sentliziyo
• I-Lymphoma ( umhlaza wenkqubo ye-lymphatic)
• Iithumba zeMediastinal
• I-Mediastinitis ( ukudumba okanye usulelo lwe-mediastinum)
• Isifo sobuthathaka bemisipha (i-Myasthenia gravis )
• I-aneurysm ye-aorta yesifuba (ukudumba kwenxalenye yesifuba ye-aorta)

Ezi meko zineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nonyango. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngemeko ethile, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya ngayo.

Yintoni iWidened Mediastinum?

Usenokuba ukhe weva oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha besithi i-mediastinum "iyavuleka" emva kwe-X-ray. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa uyijonga ukusuka ngasemva ukuya phambili (umbono we-anteroposterior) kwi-X-ray, ibanzi kunesiqhelo, idla ngokuba ngaphezu kweesentimitha ezi-8. Olu luphawu lweklinikhi olubonwa ngugqirha, hayi sisifo . I-mediastinum ebanzi inokubonisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezingaphantsi. Umzekelo:

• Ukuqhaqha kwe-Aortic
• Ukuqhekeka kwembambo okanye umqolo (umqolo)
• I-tamponade yentliziyo
• Ithumba eliphakathi kwesisu
• I-Mediastinitis
• I-aneurysm ye-aorta yesifuba

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo ye-mediastinum?

Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa iimvavanyo ezifana nezi ukuhlola i-mediastinum:

• I-X-reyi yesifuba
• Iskeni ye-CT (i-computed tomography (CT) scan)
• Iskeni ye-MRI (iskeni ye-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI))
• I-Mediastinoscopy ( ukungeniswa kwekhamera encinci)
• Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olu vavanyo ukukunceda ufumane unobangela weempawu zakho okanye ukujonga imeko esele ifunyenwe. Qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho malunga novavanyo olufunayo, isizathu sokuba ulufune, kunye nendlela yokuzilungiselela.

Ndingayigcina njani i-mediastinum yam isempilweni?

Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni, unokuzikhusela kwiimeko ezininzi ezichaphazela i-mediastinum. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ezilula zokukunceda:

• Kuphephe ukutshaya kunye nazo zonke iimveliso zecuba. Funa iingcebiso kunye nenkxaso kugqirha wakho ukuze akuncede uyeke ukutshaya.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo nentliziyo. Yitya imifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo. Nciphisa ioyile, ityuwa, kunye neswekile.
• Zilolonge rhoqo. Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale isicwangciso esitsha sokuzilolonga.
• Nciphisa okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa utywala .
• Thatha amayeza owanikiweyo ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Yiya kuhlolo lwezonyango lonyaka . Ngale ndlela, ukuba kukho ingxaki, inokubonwa kwangethuba.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku unombono olungileyo wokuba yintoni i-mediastinum, iqulethe ntoni, kwaye ibaluleke kangakanani.

I-mediastinum yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu esifubeni sethu, phakathi kwemiphunga, ebamba kwaye ikhusele intliziyo kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Rhoqo, sicinga ngamalungu aphambili angaphakathi kuyo, njengentliziyo, kodwa singalibala ngale ndawo ibizwa ngokuba yi-mediastinum.

Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi i-anatomy ye-mediastinum kunye namagama asetyenziswa ngoogqirha, ingakumbi ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe ufunyenwe enale meko. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga ne-mediastinum okanye indlela echaphazela ngayo impilo yakho, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Baya kukuvuyela ukukuchazela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi.