Ngubani lo gqirha we-radiology? Masifumanise ngokuchanekileyo!

Mhlawumbi ukhe wajongwa i-X-ray, i-CT scan, okanye i-MRI scan. Okanye ugqirha wakho usenokuba ukucele ukuba wenze enye. Ngoko ke, uyazi ukuba ngubani umntu ojonga ezi scan aze akuxelele kanye ukuba kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni wakho? Nguye lowo ugqirha we-radiology esiza kuthetha ngaye namhlanje.

Ngubani lo mntu kuthiwa yi-radiologist?

Ngamafutshane, ingcali ye-radiology ngugqirha okhethekileyo. Umsebenzi wakhe ophambili kukusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha imifanekiso , esizibiza ngokuba ziimashini zokuskena, ukuhlola ingaphakathi lemizimba yethu, ukuxilonga izifo kunye nokwenzakala, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokunceda ngonyango. Cinga ngayo, ingaphakathi lemizimba yethu alibonakali ngaphandle, ngoko aba gqirha bajonga ngaphakathi emzimbeni besebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo baze bafumanise ukuba kukho into engalunganga apho.

Zeziphi ezi zixhobo zokuthatha imifanekiso abazisebenzisayo?

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo abazisebenzisayo. Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngala magama. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• I-CT scan ( i-computed tomography - CT) : Abanye abantu bakubiza oku ngokuthi "i-CAT scan". Oku kungathatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezininzi yangaphakathi lomzimba. Kungajonga iindawo zomzimba ngokwamaleko, njengokusika isonka.
• I-Fluoroscopy : Oku kufana ne-X-ray ehambayo. Ikuvumela ukuba ubone indlela amalungu omzimba asebenza ngayo ngexesha langempela , njengevidiyo. Umzekelo, isetyenziselwa ukubona indlela ulwelo oluhamba ngayo xa uluginya.
• I-Fusion Imaging : Oku kuquka ukudibanisa imifanekiso evela kwiintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-scan, njenge-``(PET)`` scan kunye ne-``(CT)`` scan, ukuze kufunyanwe ulwazi olucacileyo noluneenkcukacha. Into engabonakaliyo kwi-scan enye inokubonwa kwenye, kwaye xa zombini zidityanisiwe, kufunyanwa umfanekiso opheleleyo.
• I-MRI Scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI) kunye neMagnetic Resonance Angiography - MRA : I-MRI inokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha. I-MRI iluncedo kakhulu ekujongeni izicubu ezithambileyo ezifana nengqondo, umqolo, amalungu kunye nemisipha. Ayisebenzisi imitha, kodwa isebenzisa intsimi yemagnethi. I-MRA luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-MRI olujonga imithambo yegazi.
• I-Mammography : Usenokuba ukhe weva ngale nto, uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-``(X-ray)`` olusetyenziselwa ukubona umhlaza wamabele kwangethuba. Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu kubafazi.
• Imifanekiso Yamayeza Enyukliya: Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba inani elincinci kakhulu le-radioactive substance engenabungozi (`radioactive tracer`) (nokuba ngomlomo okanye ngenaliti), kwaye uyibukele ihamba emzimbeni ngekhamera ekhethekileyo (`gamma camera`). Oku kunokunika umbono olungileyo wendlela amalungu asebenza ngayo kunye nendlela asebenza kakuhle ngayo. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-thyroid scan kunye ne-bone scan.
• I-PET scan ( i-Positron Emission Tomography - i-PET) : Olu luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-scan oluphantsi kodidi lwe-"Nuclear Medicine Imaging". Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukujonga ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikhona na, ukuba zisasazekile na, kunye nendlela ezisabela ngayo kunyango. Ingajonga nokusebenza kweeseli emzimbeni.
• I-Ultrasound : Oku kusebenzisa amaza esandi asebenza rhoqo ukwenza imifanekiso yangaphakathi lomzimba. Oku akusebenzisi nemitha. Kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukujonga umntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokujonga amalungu esisu (njengesibindi, izintso, kunye nepleen).
• Ii-X-reyi : Olu luvavanyo esilwaziyo sonke, kwaye ludla ngokuba lolokuqala ukwenziwa. Lusetyenziswa ukukhangela izinto ezifana nokuqhekeka kwamathambo, kunye nokuthatha i-X-reyi yesifuba ukujonga iimeko ezifana ne-pneumonia emiphungeni.

Ziziphi iindawo eziphambili ze-radiology?

Kukho iindawo ezintathu eziphambili ze -radiology . Oko kukuthi, iindawo ezintathu eziphambili apho iingcali ze-radiology zigxile khona.

1. I-Diagnostic Radiology

2. I-Radiology yoNxibelelwano

3. I-radiation Oncology

Kukho ezinye izinto ezizodwa phantsi kwecandelo ngalinye. Ngoku masithethe ngezi ndawo zintathu ziphambili ngokweenkcukacha .

1. Yintoni iDiagnostic Radiology?

Eli licandelo esiliva rhoqo ngalo, kwaye lelo siqhelene nalo kakhulu. Iingcali ze-Diagnostic Radiologists zijonga iiskeni esizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili, oko kukuthi , zihlalutye (zitolike) , kwaye zibone ukuba izakhiwo kunye namalungu angaphakathi emzimbeni zinjani. Kule mifanekiso, banokuthi:

• Ukufumanisa izifo. Umzekelo, ukuba ukhohlela uze ufumane i-X-ray, ungabona ukuba une-pneumonia na. Okanye, ukuba uneentloko ezibuhlungu, ungafumana i-MRI ukuze ubone ukuba unesifo esifana nomhlaza wobuchopho.
• Ukuba okwangoku unyangwa ngenxa yesifo esithile, jonga indlela osabela ngayo kunyango lwakho.Khawuthelekelele usenza i-CT scan yomntu onyangwa umhlaza uze ubone ukuba ithumba linciphile, likhule kakhulu, okanye alitshintshanga.
• Ukuhlolwa kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuthetha ukujonga ukuba kukho isifo ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale iimpawu. Umzekelo, i-mammography yokufumanisa umhlaza webele kwangethuba, uvavanyo lokujonga umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, okanye uvavanyo lokujonga imeko yentliziyo.

2. Yintoni i-Interventional Radiology?

Eli licandelo elahlukileyo nelinomdla kakhulu. Iingcali ze-Radiologists eziPhakathi zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokufota njenge-CT scans, i-ultrasound, kunye ne-MRI ukwenza unyango olungelulo utyando. Ngamafutshane, bajonga ezi scans baze bafake izixhobo ezincinci ezifana nee-catheters (iityhubhu ezincinci) kunye neengcingo emzimbeni ukuze benze unyango. Oku akudingi ukusikwa okukhulu, kodwa kudinga ukusikwa okuncinci . Oku kubangela ukuba ixesha lokuchacha lifutshane kwaye kubekho iingxaki ezimbalwa.

Khawucinge nje, njengokuba besebenzisa iGPS ukufumana indlela yakho, aba gqirha basebenzisa imifanekiso yeskeni ukuya kwindawo efanelekileyo emzimbeni baze bakunyange.

Ezinye zeemeko eziphathwa ngale ndlela zezi:

• Umhlaza okanye iithumba. Ezinye iithumba zinyangwa ngokufaka amayeza ngqo kuzo (`chemoembolization`), okanye ngokuvimba imithambo yegazi enika zona (`embolization`) ukutshabalalisa ithumba, okanye ngokusebenzisa ubushushu (`ablation`).
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi okanye imithambo yegazi. Umzekelo, ukuba umthambo wegazi emlenzeni uvalekile, ungavulwa ngebhaluni (i-angioplasty) okanye kufakwe i -stent (ityhubhu encinci ye-mesh) ukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi.
• Iifibroids zesibeleko. Oku kunokunyangeka nge-"embolization".
• Iintlungu zomqolo. Kwiintlungu zomqolo ezithile, izinto ezifana neenaliti ze-steroid zinokunikwa kwindawo efanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiskeni.
• Ezinye iingxaki zesibindi nezintso. Umzekelo, le nkqubo isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-biopsy (kuthathwa isiqwenga sethishu ukuze sihlolwe) okanye ukufaka iityhubhu kwimibhobho yenyongo evalekileyo okanye kwimijelo yomchamo.

3. Yintoni i-Radiation Oncology?

Sithi ezinye iindlela zokuthatha imifanekiso ziquka imitha. Nangona kunjalo, xa zisetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa, loo mitha ayinakusetyenziswa ukunyanga isifo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingcali ezibizwa ngokuba zii-Radiation Oncologists ezenza unyango lwemitha.Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza kunye nezinye izifo ezingezizo zomhlaza (ezingengobungozi).

Unyango lwemitha lunyango lomhlaza olusebenzisa imisebe enamandla, njengee-X-reyi okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha, ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzithintela ekukhuleni nasekuhlukaneni. Lusebenza ngokonakalisa i-DNA yeeseli zomhlaza.

Aba gqirha be-radiation oncologists ngabo baceba baze bamisele iidosi ezifanelekileyo ze-radiation kuhlobo ngalunye lomhlaza, indlela yokwandisa impembelelo kwiiseli zomhlaza ngelixa benciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo. Bayazi nokuba loluphi unyango olulungele uhlobo lwakho lomhlaza, uhlobo lomhlaza, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Ngaba oogqirha beeRadiologists bangoogqirha?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Iingcali ze-radiology ngoogqirha. Bonke oogqirha abaneelayisenisi ze-radiology bagqibile isikolo sezonyango kwaye bafumene isidanga sezonyango, nokuba yi-Doctor of Medicine (MD) okanye i-Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) . Ke ngoko, banolwazi olunzulu lwezonyango malunga nomzimba kunye nezifo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Radiologist kunye ne-Radiologic Technologist?

Le yindawo apho abantu abaninzi badideka khona. Kodwa aba bantu babini ngabantu ababini abahlukeneyo, kwaye iindima zabo zahlukile.

• Ingcali ye-radiology ngugqirha oqeqeshwe ukufunda nokutolika , oko kukuthi, ukuhlalutya, loo mifanekiso iskenwayo aze anike uxilongo .
• Ingcali yeRadiologic Technologist , ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yiRadiographer , yingcali yezonyango eyenza iiskeni.

Ngamafutshane, xa usiya kuthatha i-X-ray, ingcali ye-radiologist yiyo ekubeka kwindawo efanelekileyo, ivule umatshini, ize ithathe i-X-ray. Iyakunceda uzive ukhululekile, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba imifanekiso ikumgangatho ophezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ayijongi imifanekiso ize ikuxelele ukuba yintoni engalunganga ngawe. Asingomsebenzi wakhe lowo.

Ingcali ye-radiology ijonga umfanekiso, igqibe ukuba unesifo esithile ngokwezinto ezikuwo, ize ibhale ingxelo ngawo. Ngaba uyawuqonda umahluko? Zombini zibalulekile, kodwa imisebenzi yazo yahlukile.

Ngoko ke yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yi-radiologist?

Kukho imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo ekufuneka yenziwe yingcali ye-radiology. Le yimisebenzi enzima kakhulu.

• Ukuphonononga imbali yakho yezonyango ukuze kuhlolwe ukuba uvavanyo lwemifanekiso luza kukwenzakalisa na. Umzekelo, ukuba kukho nayiphi na into onayo okanye awunayo i-allergies kuyo.Ukuba kunjalo, uhlobo lwedayi yokwahlulahlula olusetyenziswa kwezinye iiskeni lusenokungakulungeli.
• Ukutolika iziphumo zovavanyo lwezonyango yiloo nto ifuna ubuchule babo.
• Ukuthelekisa iziphumo ezivela kwezo vavanyo zomfanekiso kunye nezinye iimvavanyo kunye neemvavanyo oye wazenza.
• Ukuxoxa nomboneleli wakho wezempilo othumela kuye ukuze akuncede ukhethe uvavanyo lomfanekiso olufanele wena, kwaye akuncede wenze izigqibo malunga nonyango lwakho lwexesha elizayo ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo.
• Ukubhala iingxelo eziquka iziphumo kunye nokuxilongwa. Le ngxelo yileyo uyithumela kugqirha wakho.
• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ndicebisa uvavanyo okanye unyango olongezelelweyo.
• Ukunyanga izifo kusetyenziswa imitha (oku kwenziwa kwi `(Radiation Oncology)`) okanye ukwenza unyango olukhokelwa yimifanekiso (oku kwenziwa kwi `(Interventional Radiology)`).
• Ukufundisa abasebenzi be-radiology ukuba benze iimvavanyo zokufota okanye benze ezinye iimvavanyo ngokwabo (ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifana ne-Interventional Radiology).

Ngaba kufuneka uye kwisikolo sezonyango ukuze ube yingcali ye-radiology?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, wonke umntu onelayisenisi ye-radiologist uye waya kwisikolo sezonyango waza waphumelela kuso. Eso sisiqinisekiso esisisiseko.

Umntu uba yingcali ye-radiology njani?

Ukuba yingcali ye-radiology akuyonto ilula. Kufuna ukuzinikela okukhulu, ixesha, kunye nemfundo. Jonga la manyathelo:

1. Okokuqala, kufuneka ugqibezele imfundo yangaphambi kokufumana unyango kunye nesidanga se-bachelor kwiyunivesithi okanye ekholejini.

2. Emva koko kufuneka ufumane isidanga sezonyango kwisikolo sezonyango esivunyiweyo (malunga neminyaka emi-4-5).

3. Kufuneka uphumelele uvavanyo lwelayisenisi yezonyango (umzekelo, eMelika, uVavanyo lweLayisensi yezonyango lwase-United States - USMLE).

4. Emva koko, kufuneka bagqibe ubuncinane iminyaka emine yoqeqesho lokuba ngabahlali kwi-radiology. Kungeli xesha apho bafumana khona uqeqesho olusebenzayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ze-radiology.

Iingcali ezininzi ze-radiology emva koko zigqiba omnye unyaka okanye emibini yoqeqesho olukhethekileyo (ubudlelane) , olubavumela ukuba bafumane ulwazi olunzulu kunye nezakhono kwicandelo elithile le-radiology. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya:

• I-radiation oncology
• I-radiology yabantwana (oko kukuthi, enxulumene nezifo zabantwana)
• I-radiology yokungenelela
• Ukuthathwa kwemifanekiso yamabele
• I-Radiology yentliziyo nemithambo yegazi (intliziyo nemithambo yegazi)
• I-Neuroradiology (ubuchopho, umqolo, imithambo-luvo)
• Amayeza enyukliya

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba yi-radiologist?

Ngokwesiqhelo kuthatha ubuncinane iminyaka eli-13 ukuba yingcali ye-radiology. Oku kuquka:

• Imfundo yangaphambi kwesidanga (iminyaka emi-3-4)
• Isikolo sezonyango (iminyaka emi-4-5)
• Iminyaka emine yoqeqesho lokuhlala
• Unyaka omnye okanye emibini yoqeqesho olukhethekileyo (nangona oku kunganyanzelekanga, abantu abaninzi bayakwenza)

Ngoko ke ungabona ukuba olu hambo lunokuba lude kwaye luzinikele kangakanani. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha be-radiology benolwazi lokujonga iiskeni zakho baze bafumane ulwazi olubalulekileyo. Bafana "nabacuphi" kwicandelo lezonyango.

Okokugqibela, umyalezo omncinci oya ekhaya.

Khawucinge ukuba unesikrokro sesifo esithile, okanye kufuneka nje wenze uvavanyo lwe-scan. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye unexhala ngelo xesha. Kodwa khumbula, kukho umntu onolwazi olukhethekileyo noqeqesho lokujonga imifanekiso yakho ye-scan aze afunde iziphumo ngokuchanekileyo. Lowo ngugqirha we-radiology .

Baza kulungiselela ingxelo eneenkcukacha zeziphumo zovavanyo lwakho baze bayithumele kugqirha wakho onyangayo okanye kwiqela lezonyango. Kulapho kuphela apho baya kugqiba khona ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba unemibuzo malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho, ungaze woyike ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Unelungelo lokwazi ngempilo yakho. Ingcali ye-radiology isenokungadibani nawe ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa lilungu elibalulekileyo kwiqela lakho lezempilo.

Ingcali ye - X-ray, iiskeni, ukuxilongwa, iiskeni ze-CT, iiskeni ze-MRI, ii-X-ray, unyango lwe-radiation