Xa uthetha ngoxinzelelo, okanye xa usiya kugqirha, amanye amagama avakala ngathi awaqhelekanga kuthi. Ngamanye amaxesha la magama ayinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kwaye anokuba yinto eyoyikisayo kancinci. Uzibuza, "Kuthetha ukuthini oku?" Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngentsingiselo elula yala magama asetyenziswa rhoqo ngokunxulumene noxinzelelo. Oku kufana nesichazi-magama esincinci, kodwa kulula kakhulu, ngolwimi esiluqondayo mna nawe.
Okokuqala, masibone, yintoni i-depression kunye neemeko eziphambili ezinxulumene nayo?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokudakumba. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba alo. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zazo.
- Uxinzelelo: Ngamafutshane, asikokuziva nje ulusizi okanye uxhalabile. Yimeko echaphazela imizimba yethu, iimvakalelo zethu, kunye neengcinga zethu. Indlela esitya ngayo, indlela esilala ngayo, indlela esizicinga ngayo, kunye nendlela esizijonga ngayo izinto zonke zinokutshintsha.
- Uxinzelelo Olukhulu: Oku kuqhele ukubizwa ngokuba 'luxinzelelo lweklinikhi'. Le meko kufuneka ihlale ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini zilandelelana. Kwakhona, kufuneka ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphazamisana nobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Iimpawu ezinje ngokudinwa kakhulu, ukungabi namandla, kunye nokuziva uphelelwe lithemba ngayo nayiphi na into ziqhelekile.
- Isifo Sokudakumba Esingapheliyo/Isifo Sokudakumba Esingapheliyo: Khawuthelekelele, abanye abantu baziva bedakumbile kwaye bengenamdla kuyo nayiphi na into kangangeminyaka. Asibi buhlungu njengoxinzelelo olukhulu, kodwa sihlala ixesha elide. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukonwaba okanye ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona oku kwakubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Dysthymia)`, ngoku amayeza anamhlanje abiza le meko ngokuthi yi-`(Isifo Sokudakumba Esingapheliyo)` xa idityaniswe noxinzelelo olukhulu oluhlala iminyaka engaphezu kwemibini.
- Ingxaki yeBipolar: Ngaphambili yayisaziwa ngokuba yi -'Manic Depression' , le yimeko apho imo itshintshatshintsha phakathi kwezinto ezimbini ezigqithisileyo. Oko kukuthi, ngaxa lithile umntu udandathekile kakhulu, kwaye ngelinye ixesha uvuya kakhulu kwaye unomdla. Le meko yovuyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-mania .
- Uxinzelelo emva kokubeletha: Le yimeko yokudakumba eyenzeka koomama abatsha emva kokubeleka. Emva kokuba nomntwana, oomama abaninzi baziva bedakumbile iintsuku ezimbalwa kunye nokutshintsha kweemvakalelo okwaziwa ngokuba yi-"baby blues." Nangona kunjalo, uxinezeleko emva kokubeletha yimeko enzima ngakumbi. Ngokuqinisekileyo lufuna unyango kwaye umama omtsha ufuna amandla engqondo kunye nenkxaso elungileyo.
- Ingxaki Yokuchaphazeleka Kwexesha Lonyaka (SAD): Abanye abantu bafumana ukudakumba ngamaxesha athile onyaka, ingakumbi ngexesha lemvula nasebusika. Le meko iyanyamalala xa ilanga libuya kwaye kufika ixesha lasehlotyeni. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuncipha kwelanga.
Amanye amagama ambalwa anxulumene neemvakalelo
Kukho ezinye iimvakalelo kunye neemeko ezihambisana nokudakumba.
Ingxaki Yokuxhalaba: Le yimeko engapheliyo. Ixhala linzima kangangokuba liphazamisana nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Abantu abaninzi abanesifo sokudakumba banokuba nale meko ibizwa ngokuba yixhalaba.
- I-Mania kunye ne-Hypomania: Eli licandelo le-Bipolar Disorder. I-Mania lixesha lokuziva unamandla aphezulu, ulonwabo olukhulu, okanye umsindo omkhulu. Ngeli xesha, usenokungakwazi ukulala kwaye ungenza izinto ngokungxama. Oku kunokuba nzima kangangokuba kunokuchaphazela ubomi bomntu. Usenokuba namava okubona izinto ezingekhoyo. I-Hypomania luhlobo lwe-mania olungenamandla kangako nolunganzima kangako.
- Uhlaselo Loloyiko: Olu luvakalelo olukhawulezileyo nolunamandla loloyiko okanye ixhala ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, oluhamba neempawu zomzimba ezifana nentliziyo ebetha ngamandla, ukubila, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
Zenzeka njani ezi zinto? Icala lezonyango
Ukudakumba akubangelwa bubuthathaka bengqondo. Kubangelwa zizinto eziphilayo.
- Ii-Neurotransmitters: Ngamafutshane, ezi zii-chemical messengers ezisebuchotsheni bethu. Zisetyenziselwa ukudlulisa imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli zobuchopho. I-Serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine zezona ntlobo ziphambili zee-neurotransmitters. Amayeza amaninzi okudakumba asebenza ngokutshintsha amanqanaba okanye umsebenzi wezi khemikhali.
- I-Hypothyroidism: Le yimeko apho i-thyroid gland ingavelisi i-hormone ye-thyroid eyaneleyo. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezinje ngokudakumba, ukudinwa, kunye nokutyeba. Ke ngoko, ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba e-hormone yakho ye-thyroid.
Ndingafumana uncedo kubani?
Kukho iingcali ezifanelekileyo zokufuna uncedo kule meko. Kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwezi zimbini.
- Ingcali yezengqondo: Lo ngugqirha (MD okanye DO) ogxile kwizifo zengqondo. Ngenxa yokuba engugqirha, unokunika amayeza, anjengee-antidepressants. Abanye oogqirha bezengqondo banikezela nge-psychotherapy.
- Ingcali yezengqondo: Lo ngumntu oqeqeshiweyo ongengogqirha (MD), kodwa ofumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo (PhD okanye PsyD) ekunyangeni izifo zengqondo nezeemvakalelo. Ngokuyintloko basebenzisa unyango lokuthetha (Psychotherapy).Bakwaqeqeshwa ukwenza izinto ezifana novavanyo lwe-IQ kunye novavanyo lobuntu.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ngethamsanqa, ukudakumba yimeko enokunyangeka kwaye inyangeke.
Unyango lokuthetha
- Unyango lwengqondo: Olukwabizwa ngokuba yi "talking therapy," oku kuquka ukuthetha nogqirha oqeqeshiweyo ukuze ufumane izisombululo kwiingxaki zakho zengqondo okanye zeemvakalelo. Olu lonyango olusebenzayo kakhulu.
Amayeza (amayeza)
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza okunyanga ukudakumba. La mayeza anikwa ngugqirha kuphela emva kokuba ehlolwe kakuhle imeko yakho.
| Uhlobo lweziyobisi | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Antidepressant | Ezi zezona ntlobo ziphambili zamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukudakumba. Asebenza ngokulinganisela ikhemistri yengqondo. |
| Ii-SSRI (ii-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Olu luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-antidepressant. Imizekelo: i-fluoxetine, i-sertraline, i-escitalopram . Ezi zinyusa amanqanaba e-serotonin engqondweni. |
| Ii-MAOI (ii-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) | La luhlobo lwamayeza akudala, adla ngokunikezelwa xa uxinezelekile kakhulu. Kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngento oyityayo noyiselayo xa usebenzisa la mayeza. |
| Izinto Ezizinzisa Imvakalelo | Ezi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-bipolar disorder . Zinceda ekulawuleni utshintsho lweemvakalelo. Imizekelo: i-lithium, i-valproate. |
Ezinye iindlela zonyango ezithile
- Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive (ECT): Eli gama lisenokuvakala lisoyikisa kwabanye, kodwa ngoku lunyango oluphambili kakhulu, olukhuselekileyo, nolusebenzayo olunikwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia (emva kokuba ulele ngokupheleleyo). Lisetyenziswa kubantu abanesifo sokudakumba esinzima abangasabeliyo kumayeza, okanye xa kufuneka iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo.
- Unyango Lokukhanya / Unyango Lokukhanya: Oku kusetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwi-seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Kubandakanya ukuvezwa imihla ngemihla kwisibane esikhethekileyo esikhanya kakhulu kunezibane zasekhaya, kwaye sifana nokukhanya kwelanga.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukudakumba akubobuthathaka, sisifo sokwenyani esinokunyangwa.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unale mpawu, ungoyiki ukuthetha ngayo.
- Ingcali yezengqondo ingakunika amayeza, ngelixa ingcali yezengqondo ikakhulu inika unyango lokuthetha. Zombini ziingcali ezinokukunceda.
- Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango. Amayeza, unyango lwengqondo, okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini zinokuba luncedo.
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga noku, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho . Ungafumana icebiso kunye noncedo olufanelekileyo apho.
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