Ngubani lo gqirha wezifo zengqondo? Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha!

Ngaba wakha weva nge-'Forensic Pathologist '? Mhlawumbi ukhe walibona eli gama kwinkqubo yophando lolwaphulo-mthetho kumabonwakude okanye kwiphephandaba. Ngoobani aba bantu? Iyintoni indima ebalulekileyo abayidlalayo? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngako konke oku ngendlela elula kakhulu, ngokungathi sithetha nomhlobo.

Ngubani lo gqirha wezifo zengqondo?

Ngamafutshane, ingcali yezifo zengqondo yingcali yogqirha. Kodwa lo gqirha akangomntu nje onyanga izifo. Umsebenzi wakhe ophambili kukuphanda ngokucokisekileyo ukufa okungalindelekanga, okukrokrelekayo, okungaqhelekanga, okanye okunobundlobongela. Khawuthelekelele, ukuba umntu ufa ngequbuliso kwaye unobangela awucaci, okanye ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa kokuba yayilulwaphulo-mthetho, kulapho ke kufuneka khona uncedo lwale ngcali yezifo zengqondo.

Uyazi na ukuba aba bantu benza njani ezi mvavanyo? Uninzi lwexesha , benza uhlolo lwesidumbu. Oko kukuthi, bahlola umzimba womntu oswelekileyo ngokwezonyango baze bafumane unobangela wokufa kunye nendlela okwenzeke ngayo. Ngoko ke umsebenzi waba bantu unxulumene kakhulu nezonyango kunye nomthetho.

Ngoko ke, yintoni "iPathology" kunye "neForensics"?

Masiqonde la magama mabini kancinci.

"I-Pathology" lelinye isebe elikhethekileyo lezonyango. Ibandakanya ukuthatha iisampuli zezicubu zomzimba uze uzifake kuvavanyo lwelabhoratri ukuze kufunyanwe izifo okanye ufumane ulwazi ngeenjongo zophando . Umzekelo, xa unesifo esithile, ugqirha uthatha iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu kuwe (i-biopsy) aze alithumele ukuba livavanywe, akunjalo? Yiloo nto kanye ekuthethwa ngayo nge-pathology.

Igama elithi "Forensic" lithetha "ukunxulumana neendlela zesayensi zokusombulula ulwaphulo-mthetho." Nangona kunjalo, ayikuko konke ukufa okuhlolwayo yingcali yezifo zolwaphulo-mthetho ekufuneka kube lulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngamanye amaxesha umntu uyafa ngenxa yengozi okanye isifo esingafunyaniswanga. Aba bantu banceda ekuchazeni konke oko.

Zeziphi iindawo ezigxile kuzo ingcali yezifo zengqondo?

Aba gqirha banoqeqesho olukhethekileyo nolwazi olungaphaya kolo loogqirha ngokubanzi. Ezinye zezona ndawo ziphambili zobuchule ziquka:

• I-Toxicology: Eli sebe lezonyango lifunda iintlobo zeetyhefu, indlela ezichaphazela ngayo umzimba, kunye nendlela yokuzibona . Umzekelo, iityhefu ezibangelwa ziigesi ezifana ne-carbon monoxide, ukulunywa yinyoka, ukutyiwa zizinambuzane, kunye neziyobisi ezifana ne-opioids okanye ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo ziyaphandwa kweli candelo.

• Uphononongo lweembumbulu kunye nokwenzakala ezikubangelayo (Amanxeba eembumbulu kunye neembumbulu): KuleIfunda ukuhamba kwezinto ezifana neembumbulu kunye nemiphumo yazo emzimbeni . Ngokuhlola amanxeba omntu odutyulweyo, ungafumanisa izinto ezininzi, njengohlobo lompu oludutyulwe luvela phi kunye nokuba ludutyulwe kude kangakanani.

• Ubungqina bokulandelela: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Kubhekisa kwizinto ezincinci kakhulu ezishiywa ngasemva xa izinto ezimbini okanye abantu ababini bengqubana . Umzekelo, imicu ekwimpahla, ulwelo lomzimba, intsalela yempuphu, iinwele, iminwe, njl. Ezi zinto zincinci zinokunceda ekusombululeni nolwaphulo-mthetho olukhulu.

• I-Serology: Oku kuquka ukuhlola igazi kunye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba phantsi kwe-microscope, okanye ukusebenzisa oomatshini abakhethekileyo (ii-analyzers) ukwenza uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo kwezi sampuli. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni uhlobo lwegazi kunye nokuba izifo ezithile zikhona na.

• Iteknoloji ye-DNA: Mhlawumbi ukhe weva nge-DNA. Ibandakanya ukufunda izinto zemfuza (i-DNA) kunye nokuyisebenzisa kuphando lolwaphulo-mthetho. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lwe-DNA lusetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa isampulu ye-DNA efunyenwe kwindawo yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye ne-DNA yomrhanelwa, okanye ukuqinisekisa ubuwena bomntu oswelekileyo.

Yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yingcali yezifo zengqondo?

Ngoku makhe sijonge imisebenzi yakhe ephambili. Xa umntu esifa ngequbuliso okanye ngogonyamelo, umsebenzi wakhe oyintloko kukufumanisa unobangela wokufa, ixesha lokufa, kunye nendlela yokufa (oko kukuthi, nokuba kukubulala, ukuzibulala, ingozi, ukufa kwendalo, okanye enye into engenakumiselwa ngokuqinisekileyo).

Ukuze enze ezi zinto, ingcali yezifo zengqondo ilandela la manyathelo:

1. Ukuqinisekisa ubuwena bomfi okanye ukuqokelela ulwazi olufunekayo ukuqinisekisa ubuwena: Ngamanye amaxesha kukho amaxesha apho kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani umfi. Ngelo xesha, aba bantu banceda ekufumaneni ubuwena ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zesayensi.

2. Ukufunda imbali yezonyango zomfi: Oku kuthetha ukujonga izifo zakhe zangaphambili kunye namayeza akhe, njengoko ezi zinto ngamanye amaxesha zinokuchaphazela ukufa.

3. Ukuba lulwaphulo-mthetho, jonga ubungqina obukwindawo yolwaphulo-mthetho ngokunxulumene nokufa: Aba bantu bahlola indlela ukufa okunxulumene ngayo nobungqina obuqokelelwe ngamapolisa.

4. Ukuhlola isidumbu ukuze kufunyanwe ubungqina bokwenzakala okanye ukugula: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo abantu abaninzi abayaziyo. Umzimba uyahlolwa, ukwenzakala kwangaphakathi, iimpawu,Izinto ezinjalo ziyafunyanwa. Obu bungqina kufuneka bubhalwe phantsi ngononophelo olukhulu, kuba buza kuba baluleke kakhulu kwityala lenkundla kamva.

5. Ukuqokelela nokuhlalutya ubungqina obubonakalayo emzimbeni: Izinto esithethe ngazo ngaphambili, ezifana neefayibha neenwele, ziyaqokelelwa ngeli xesha zize zithunyelwe ukuze zivavanywe.

Emva kokuba zonke ezi mvavanyo zigqityiwe, ingcali yezifo zophando ilungiselela ingxelo ebhaliweyo echaza unobangela, ixesha, kunye nendlela yokufa . Basenokufuneka ukuba banike ubungqina ngezi ziphumo njengengqina eliyingcali enkundleni, ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Inqaku elibalulekileyo: Iingcali zezifo zengqondo ngamanye amaxesha zihlola izigulana eziphilayo eziye zaxhatshazwa ngokwesondo okanye zaxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni.

Zisebenza phi ezi ngcali zezifo zengqondo?

Amaxesha amaninzi, iingcali zezifo zengqondo zisebenza kwiiofisi zeMedical Examiner okanye iCoroner phantsi kwebhunga likamasipala okanye lesithili. Oko kukuthi, kumaziko karhulumente. Ukongeza, abanye banikezela ngeenkonzo zovavanyo emva kokufa kwizibhedlele, kwizikolo zonyango, okanye ngamaziko abucala kumagqwetha nakwiintsapho.

Aba bantu bachitha ixesha elininzi kwigumbi lokugcina izidumbu besenza uvavanyo emva kokufa okanye kwilabhoratri behlola iisampulu zezicubu. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka baye kwindawo yokufa ukuze basebenze nabaphandi bamapolisa.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Forensic Pathologist, i-Coroner, kunye ne-Medical Examiner?

La magama mathathu anokuba yinto edidayo kancinci. Masibone ukuba athetha ukuthini.

• I-Forensic Pathology lisebe elikhethekileyo lezonyango. Oko kukuthi, i-forensic pathologist ngumntu onedigri yezonyango kwaye ofumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo.
• "Umhloli Wezonyango" sisikhundla somsebenzi esidla ngokunikwa ingcali yezonyango esebenza kurhulumente. Oko kukuthi, umhloli wezonyango kusenokwenzeka ukuba yingcali yezonyango.
• "I-Coroner" ligosa likarhulumente elimiselweyo okanye elinyuliweyo eliqinisekisa unobangela wokufa. I-Coroner idla ngokuba ngoogqirha. Ke ngoko, badla ngokusebenza kunye nengcali yezifo ezinobungozi. Ungayibona le nkqubo naseSri Lanka.

Ngamafutshane, ingcali yezifo zengqondo ngumntu oqeqeshwe kakhulu kwezonyango. Ezinye izikhundla ezimbini zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yezomthetho yamanye amazwe.

Uba njani yingcali yezifo zengqondo?

Olu hambo alulula. Ukuba yingcali yezifo zengqondo kufuna umsebenzi onzima kunye nokufunda okuninzi. Indlela eqhelekileyo ekufuneka uyilandele yile:

1. Gqibezela imfundo yangaphambi kokufumana unyango eyunivesithi uze ufumane isidanga.

2. Bhalisa kwisikolo sezonyango uze ugqibezele isidanga sezonyango (`MD - Doctor of Medicine` okanye `DO - Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine`).Oku kulingana nesidanga se-`MBBS' eSri Lanka.

3. Ukugqiba ubuncinane iminyaka emithathu yoqeqesho lwezonyango emva kwesidanga sokuqala (`inkqubo yoqeqesho lokuhlala`). Oku kuquka zombini iinkalo ze-Anatomical Pathology kunye ne-Clinical Pathology.

4. Ukuphumelela iimviwo zebhodi yeengcali. Umzekelo, eMelika, kufuneka ufumane esi siqinisekiso kwimibutho efana ne-American Board of Pathology.

5. Emva koko, gqibezela uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lobudlelwane kwi-Forensic Pathology. Eli lelona nqanaba liphezulu loqeqesho olukhethekileyo kweli candelo.

Uyabona, le yinkqubo ende yemfundo noqeqesho. Umonde, ukuzinikela, kunye nomdla omkhulu kwesi sifundo kubalulekile.

Olu hambo luthatha ixesha elingakanani?

Ngokomyinge, kuthatha malunga neminyaka eli-13 ukuba yingcali yezifo zengqondo. Oku kuquka imfundo yangaphambi kwezonyango, isikolo sezonyango, uqeqesho lokuhlala, kunye noqeqesho lobudlelane. Ngoko ke kukuzibophelela okukhulu ngokwenene.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Iingcali zezifo zengqondo ze-forensic liqela leengcali zonyango ezenza inkonzo ebaluleke kakhulu ngasemva kweziganeko. Xa kwenzeka ukufa okungalindelekanga okanye okukrokrisayo, ulwazi lwabo kunye nezakhono zabo zibalulekile ekufumaneni unobangela ochanekileyo nokuqinisekisa ukuba ubulungisa buyafezekiswa. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha singava nto ingako ngaba bantu, igalelo labo kwinkqubo yokulawula ubulungisa kuluntu lixabiseke kakhulu.

Khawucinge nje, xa umntu esifa ngenxa yengozi, ulwaphulo-mthetho, okanye ngesizathu esithile, mingaphi imibuzo amalungu osapho anayo? "Kutheni oku kwenzeke?", "Ngubani onoxanduva lwale nto?" Izinto ezinjalo. Iingcali zezifo zengqondo zenza umsebenzi omhle wokubonelela ngeempendulo zesayensi kuloo mibuzo, mhlawumbi zinike ubungqina obufunekayo ukuze umntu onetyala agwetywe ukuba ukho.

Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo xa usiva ngo-"Forensic Pathologist", ngoku uyazi ukuba bangoobani kwaye loluphi uhlobo lwenkonzo exabisekileyo abayinikelayo.

I- Forensic Pathology, Ingcali yezifo, Utyando lwesidumbu, Uvavanyo lwasemva kwesidumbu, i-DNA, i-Toxicology, uGqirha wezomthetho, ingcali yezifo zasemva kwesidumbu, Utyando lwesidumbu