Masifunde ngePathologist: iqhawe elingadunyiswanga elikunceda uxilonge ngokuchanekileyo isifo sakho!

Xa usiya kugqirha, baya kukucela ukuba wenze uvavanyo oluthile, olufana novavanyo lwegazi kunye novavanyo lomchamo. Basenokuthatha nesampulu encinci yomzimba wakho. Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ngubani ngokwenene owenza olu vavanyo, ofunda iingxelo, kwaye efumanisa ukuba sisiphi isifo onaso? Nangona singadibani rhoqo naba bantu ngokuthe ngqo, kukho iqela loogqirha abaziingcali abasebenza njengeengooqhawe abangadunyiswanga kwinkqubo yethu yezempilo. Ngabo esibabiza ngokuba ziingcali zezifo . Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngaba gqirha babalulekileyo.

Ngubani iPathologist? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, ingcali yezifo ngugqirha ofumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo. Ubuchule babo kukufunda ngezifo kusetyenziswa izicwili zomntu (oko kukuthi, amalungu omzimba), igazi, umchamo, kunye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba. Ngabo ababonelela ngolwazi kunye nesikhokelo esifunekayo ukuze kufunyanwe isifo, sinyangwe, sijongwe inkqubela yaso (ukubeka esweni), kwaye siqikelele ikhondo laso elizayo (ukuxela kwangaphambili). Uphando lwabo lusinceda siqonde ngcono zonke iintlobo zezifo.

Iingcali zezifo ziqokelela olu lwazi ngokujonga iisampuli zezicubu, iiseli, kunye nolwelo lomzimba phantsi kwemakroskopu. Zikwavavanya ezi sampuli zisebenzisa oomatshini, abanjengee-blood analyzers.

Ngoko ke yintoni i-pathology?

I-Pathology kukufunda ngezizathu zesifo kunye nemiphumo yezo zifo kwizicubu zomzimba wakho kwinqanaba leeseli . Oko kukuthi, ijonga indlela isifo esisebenza ngayo ngaphakathi emzimbeni kunye nento eyenzekayo kwiiseli.

Ngaba kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchwephesha phakathi kweengcali zezifo?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Iingcali zezifo zinobuchwephesha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Cinga nje ngokuba noogqirha abahlukeneyo beentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

Ingcali yezifo zebhanki yegazi/utofelo-gazi

Le ngcali ijongene nokugcina igazi lifumaneka esibhedlele. Baqinisekisa ukuba ukunikezelwa kwegazi kukhuselekile kwaye utofelo-gazi (utofelo-gazi kwizitho zomzimba) lwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo. Bakwalungisa iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zegazi, ezifana ne-"plasma" okanye "iiseli zegazi ezibomvu", baze bazinike izigulana njengoko kufuneka.

Ingcali yezifo zamachiza

Le ngcali ifunda nge-biochemistry yomzimba womntu . Oko kukuthi, ijonga indlela iinkqubo zeekhemikhali zomzimba ezichaphazela ngayo izizathu kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezifo .

Ingcali yeCytopathologist

Ezi zezona.Iingcali ezifunda iiseli ukuze zichonge izifo. Umzekelo owaziwayo kukuhlolwa kweeseli kwi-Pap smear yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Intsimi ye-cytopathology idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokuxilongwa komhlaza.

Ingcali yesikhumba

Njengoko igama lisitsho, le ngcali iqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukuxilonga nokujonga izifo zolusu . Ukuba kukho into engaqhelekanga eluswini lwakho, olu hlobo logqirha lusenokuba ngulowo uthatha isampuli encinci yalo aze ayihlole.

Ingcali yezifo ze-forensic

Mhlawumbi ubabonile aba bantu kwiimuvi. Aba ziingcali eziphanda kwaye zivavanye ukufa ngequbuliso, okurhanelekayo, nogonyamelo, kunye nezinye iimeko zokufa ezithile njengoko zichazwe ngumthetho.

Ingcali yeHematopathology

Le ngcali igxile kwizifo ezichaphazela iiseli zegazi, ukujiya kwegazi, umongo wamathambo, kunye nee-lymph nodes . Bakhangela iingxaki egazini, ezifana ne-leukemia.

Ingcali yezonyango ngemichiza

Aba ngabantu abachonga iintsholongwane (iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, njl.njl.) ezibangela izifo ezosulelayo. Xa unomkhuhlane, olu hlobo lwengcali lukunceda ufumanise ukuba ingaba ubangelwa yibhaktheriya okanye yintsholongwane.

Ingcali yezifo zemfuza yeemolekyuli

Le ngcali inika ulwazi malunga nesakhiwo, umsebenzi, kunye notshintsho (iinguqu) kwiijini . Zisebenzisa iindlela zelebhu ukunceda ekuxilongeni , ekunyangeni, nasekuqikeleleni ikhondo lexesha elizayo lezifo ezithile zejini.

Ingcali yezifo zengqondo

Le ngcali iqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukuxilonga izifo ezichaphazela inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha yamathambo . Bajonga izifo zengqondo, umqolo, kunye nemisipha.

Ingcali yezifo zabantwana

Aba bantu bagxile ekuxilongeni izifo ezenzeka ngexesha lokukhula komntwana ongekazalwa, ebuntwaneni, nasebuntwaneni ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo zelebhu. Bafunda ngokunzulu izifo ezithile kubantwana abancinci.

Ingcali yezifo zotyando

Le ngcali ifunda izicubu ezisuswa ngoogqirha ngexesha lotyando, inceda ekuxilongeni isifo kwaye iphuhlise isicwangciso sonyango. Umzekelo, ngexesha lotyando lokususa ithumba elinomhlaza, ingcali yezifo zotyando ingajonga izicubu ngoko nangoko phantsi kwe-microscope ize ixelele ugqirha ukuba kufuneka kususwe izicubu ezingaphezulu (umzekelo, ii-lymph nodes). Eli lithuba elihle kakhulu kumguli.

Yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yingcali yezifo?

Indima ephambili yengcali yezifo kukusebenzisa iimvavanyo zelebhu kunye neendlela zokuchonga ukuba kukho isifo na kwiisampuli zezicubu kunye nolwelo oluthathwe emzimbeni wakho. Bangakwenza oku ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Iinkonzo zabo zibalulekile kuzo zonke iinkalo zonyango, ezifana nophando lomhlaza (i-oncology), uphando lwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela (i-immunology), kunye ne-genetics.

Iingcali zezifo zingamalungu abalulekileyo kumaqela eenkonzo zonyango. Zisebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nabanye ababoneleli beenkonzo zempilo, njengeengcali ze-radiology, iingcali zomhlaza, iingcali zegazi, kunye noogqirha botyando. Zinceda:

• Ukuxilonga: Iingcali zezifo zihlala zibandakanyeka ekuxilongeni isifo. Umzekelo, ingcali yezifo ingahlola isampuli yezicubu zomzimba okanye ulwelo ukuze ibone ukuba lunentsholongwane okanye intsholongwane na. Zibandakanyeka kuninzi lwezifo zomhlaza.
• Cebisa iindlela zonyango: Ingcali yezifo ingacebisa i-antibiotic ethile yokunyanga usulelo lwebhaktheriya, okanye igqibe ekubeni yenze i-radiation, i-chemotherapy, okanye utyando lwe-tumor enomhlaza.
• Jonga izifo eziqhubekayo: Umzekelo, ingcali yezifo ingahlalutya iisampuli zegazi ukuze ijonge uphuhliso lwezifo ezithwalwa ligazi ezifana ne-hepatitis B.
• Thetha ngenkqubo yexesha elizayo yesifo: Kwezinye izifo, ezifana ne-leukemia, utshintsho oluthile lwezakhi zofuzo lunokutshintsha kakhulu indlela yexesha elizayo yesifo. Iingcali zezifo zinokubona olu tshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo ngokwenza uvavanyo lwezakhi zofuzo kwiisampuli zezicubu.

Xa kuthelekiswa nabanye oogqirha, iingcali zezifo zihlala zingadibani ngqo nezigulane. Nangona zidlala indima enkulu ekuxilongeni izifo, ayingabo abakuxelelayo ukuba uxilongiwe. Ingcali eyayalela uvavanyo, umzekelo ingcali yesisu okanye ingcali yezifo zabesifazane, iya kukuxelela ukuba uxilongiwe ngokusekelwe kulwazi olukwingxelo yengcali yezifo.

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingcali ezingaphantsi, ezifana neengcali zezifo ezisebenza kwiibhanki zegazi nakwiinkonzo zotofelo-gazi, zidibana nezigulana imihla ngemihla.

Iingcali zezifo zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphando lwezonyango. Zisebenza ekuphuhliseni unyango olutsha lokulwa okanye ukuthintela iintsholongwane, usulelo, kunye nezifo. Oku kungabandakanya ukuqhubela phambili kwezonyango ezifana nokugonya okutsha kunye nonyango olujoliswe kulo.

Ingaba ingcali yezifo ngugqirha?

Ewe, ingcali yezifo ngugqirha ngokuqinisekileyo. Baya kwisikolo sezonyango baze bafumane isidanga sezonyango (`uGqirha wezonyango (MD)` okanye `uGqirha wezonyango lwe-Osteopathic (DO)`).

Zisebenza phi iingcali zezifo?

Iingcali zezifo zingasebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo:

• Kwizibhedlele nakwiikliniki zoluntu
• Kwizibhedlele nakwiikliniki zaseyunivesithi
• Kwizibhedlele nakwiikliniki zikarhulumente
• Kwiilabhoratri ezizimeleyo
• Kwiiofisi zabucala

Uba yingcali yezifo njani? Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani?

Ukuze ube yingcali yezifo zengqondo eqinisekisiweyo, kufuneka ugcwalise oku kulandelayo:

• Kufuneka ugqibezele imfundo yangaphambi kokufumana unyango ekholejini okanye eyunivesithi kwaye ufumane isidanga.
• Kufuneka ugqibezele imfundo yakho yesikolo sezonyango kwaye ufumane isidanga sezonyango (`MD` okanye `DO`).
• Kufuneka ugqibe ubuncinci iminyaka emithathu yemfundo yezonyango ephucukileyo kwinkqubo yoqeqesho lokuhlala.
• Kufuneka uphumelele iimviwo zesatifikethi eziqhutywa liqumrhu elaziwayo njenge-American Board of Pathology. (ESri Lanka, ubhaliso kwibhodi yezonyango efanelekileyo kunye noqeqesho lweengcali luyafuneka.)

Uninzi lweengcali zezifo luqeqeshwe kwizifo zeklinikhi kunye nezifo zomzimba. Uninzi lukwagxile kwicandelo elithile lezifo, njenge-hematopathology okanye i-chemical pathology.

Ngokwesiqhelo kuthatha ubuncinane iminyaka eli-11 ukuba yingcali yezifo. Oku kuquka imfundo yangaphambi kwezonyango, imfundo yesikolo sezonyango, kunye noqeqesho lweminyaka emithathu ubuncinane lokufundela ukuhlala apho.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ngoku ungabona ukuba zibaluleke kangakanani kwaye zibaluleke kangakanani iingcali zethu zezempilo. Usenokungadibani nabo ngokuthe ngqo, uninzi lwabo basebenza ngasemva kweziganeko. Kodwa benza inkonzo entle ngokuthula kwimpilo-ntle yakho ngokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo isifo sakho nokukhetha unyango olufanelekileyo kuso.

Ukuba ukhe wafumana ingxelo ye-pathology, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga noko ikuthethayo. Le ngxelo iqulethe ulwazi oluninzi oluxabisekileyo malunga nempilo yakho. Ingcali ye-pathology kunye nabanye oogqirha bakho basebenzisana ukukunika unyango olungcono.

Ingcali yezifo , iPathology, Uxilongo, Uvavanyo lwezicubu, Uvavanyo lwegazi, iNgcali yezonyango, iCytology