Ungathanda ukwazi ngee-tumor markers? Makhe sithethe ngezi zinto ngokulula!

Ngaba wakha waweva amagama athi 'iimpawu zethumba'? Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ugqirha wakho ethetha ngawo, okanye ukhe wawabona kwiphephandaba okanye kumabonwakude. Zithini kanye kanye ezi 'mpawu zethumba'? Zinxulumene njani nomhlaza? Mhlawumbi unemibuzo emininzi ngale nto. Ungakhathazeki, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezi zinto zibonakala zinzima ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo seethumba? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, uphawu lwethumba yiyo nayiphi na into emzimbeni wakho enokusinika ulwazi malunga nomhlaza. Sidla ngokubhekisa kwiiproteni eziveliswa ziiseli zomhlaza njengeempawu zethumba. Iiseli eziqhelekileyo, ezingezizo ezomhlaza nazo zinokwenza ezi zimpawu ngenxa yomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zimpawu zethumba zinokubhekisa kutshintsho okanye iipatheni kwi-DNA yakho.

Njengokuba amapolisa ekhangela imiqondiso emva kolwaphulo-mthetho, oogqirha basebenzisa le miqondiso ebizwa ngokuba 'ziimpawu zesifo somhlaza' ukufumana ulwazi malunga nomhlaza.

Amanye amagama ala magama 'ziimpawu zomhlaza' okanye 'iimpawu zebhayoloji'. Nangona kunjalo, kwintetho yemihla ngemihla, sisebenzisa kakhulu igama elithi 'iimpawu zesifo somhlaza'.

Yintoni esinokuyifunda kwiimpawu zesifo somhlaza?

Usenokuba uzibuza, "Kulungile, yintoni abanokuyifunda oogqirha kwezi zinto?" Iimpawu zesifo somhlaza zibaluleke kakhulu kuba, xa zidityaniswe nezinye iimvavanyo, zinokunceda oogqirha ukuba baxilonge baze banyange iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza. Nantsi into abanokuyenza:

• Ingabonisa ukuba kukho iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza.
• Banceda ugqirha wakho ukuba acwangcise unyango lwakho. Ngokukodwa, bakunceda ukuba ukhethe ukuba loluphi uhlobo lonyango olukulungeleyo.
• Kunokwenzeka ukuvavanya ukuba unyango lomhlaza olusetyenziswayo ngoku luphumelele okanye akunjalo. Oko kukuthi, kunokwenzeka ukubona ukuba unyango luyawunciphisa na umhlaza okanye luhlala lunjalo.
• Ungandinika umbono ngamathuba akho okuphila kwakhona?
• Ezi zikwasetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuphinda kweminye imidlaza.

Kodwa into enye ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ezinye iimpawu zesifo sephepha zibonelela ngolwazi malunga nohlobo oluthile lomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu zesifo sephepha zinokubonelela ngolwazi malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza.

Zifumaneka njani ezi mpawu zesifo seethumba? Zifumaneka phi?

Ngokubanzi kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeempawu zesifo se-tumor:

1. Iimpawu zeTumor ezijikeleza igazi: Ezi zifumaneka kulwelo lomzimba wethu.

2. Iimpawu zeTumor Tissue: Ezi zifumaneka ngqo ngaphakathi kwetumor.

Apho ungazifumana khona ii-circulating tumor Markers

Ezi zezakho:

• Igazi
• Umchamo
• Isitulo
• Ummongo wethambo
• Amathe

Ungafumanisa ngezinto ezinje: Ukuba ufuna isampuli yegazi, ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi. Ukuba ufuna isampuli yomchamo, amathe, okanye indle, baza kukuxelela indlela yokuyithatha. Ukuba ufuna isampuli yomongo wethambo, kuya kufuneka wenze i- bone marrow biopsy .

Apho ungazifumana khona iimpawu zezicubu zethumba

Zezi:

• Kwiithumba ezinomhlaza (kwizicwili zomzimba wakho)

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha uthatha isampuli encinci yezicubu ezichaphazelekayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi -biopsy , aze ayithumele kwilebhu ye-pathology ukuze ihlolwe.

Ngaba zonke iintlobo zomhlaza zingafunyanwa ngeempawu zesifo se-tumor?

Hayi. Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Iimpawu zesifo sephepha azikafunyanwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza. Oku kuthetha ukuba iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza azinakuvavanywa kwezi zimpawu zesifo sephepha. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo zelebhu, ezifana ne -CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) okanye i-MRI scan (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) .

Zeziphi iimpawu zethumba esihlala sithetha ngazo?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeempawu zesifo somhlaza ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Nazi ezinye zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu:

• I-AFP (i-Alpha-fetoprotein): Besebenzisa isampuli yegazi lakho, oogqirha bajonga oku ukuze bafumanise umhlaza wesibindi , umhlaza wamasende, kunye nezinye iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane , kwaye babone ukuba unyango lusebenza kangakanani.
• Ukulungiswa kwakhona kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BCL2: Oku kwenziwa ngokuthatha isampuli yegazi lakho, umongo wethambo, okanye ithumba uze ulijonge ukuze uxilonge kwaye ucwangcise unyango lwemihlaza efana ne -leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma .
• Utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo lwe-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2: Olu tshintsho lunokuvavanywa kwisampulu yegazi, amathe, okanye ithumba ukunceda ekuxilongeni umhlaza webele kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko , kwaye luncede ekucwangciseni uhlolo kunye nonyango.
• I-CA 19-9: Oku kulinganiswa kwisampulu yegazi kwaye kusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga umhlaza wepancreas , umhlaza wenyongo , umhlaza we-bile duct, kunye nomhlaza wesisu , kunye nokuvavanya impumelelo yonyango.
• I-Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA): WenaUkuba unomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, kuthathwa isampuli yegazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba unyango luphumelele kangakanani, nokuba umhlaza usasazeke na, okanye nokuba ubuyile na.
• I-Fibrin/i-Fibrinogen: Oku kuvavanywa kwisampulu yomchamo wakho ukuze kubonwe ukuba unyango lomhlaza wesinyi luphumelela kangakanani.
• I-Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH): Le ilinganiswa kwisampulu yegazi kwaye isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa inqanaba le -leukemia , i-lymphoma , i-melanoma , i-neuroblastoma, kunye neethumba ze-germ cell okanye ukujonga impumelelo yonyango.
• I-Prostate-specific antigen (PSA): Le ilinganiswa kwisampulu yegazi kwaye inceda ekuxilongeni umhlaza weprostate , ukubona ukuba unyango luphumelele kangakanani, kunye nokuba lubuyile na.
• I-Thyroglobulin: Ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza we-thyroid , oku kulinganiswa kwisampulu yegazi ukuze kubonwe ukuba unyango luye lwaphumelela kangakanani na kunye nokuba umhlaza ubuyile na.
• Uhlobo lwe-UGT1A1*28 lwe-homozygosity: Ukuba unomhlaza we-colorectal , oku kunokuvavanywa kwisampulu yegazi okanye kwi-cheek swab ukuze kuqikelelwe ukuba uza kuba nobunzima obungakanani kwiyeza le-chemotherapy i- Irinotecan .

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba ezi mpawu zesifo seethumba zahlukahlukene kangakanani, kwaye zibaluleke kangakanani.

Lwenziwa njani uvavanyo lwe-tumor marker?

Oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza ugqirha wakho aluvavanyayo. Uvavanyo lwe-tumor marker ludla ngokufuna enye yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lwamathe
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo
• Uvavanyo lwesitulo
• I-Biopsy

Oogqirha benza olu vavanyo ukunceda ekuxilongeni umhlaza, bacebe unyango, okanye bajonge ukuba unyango lwakho lwangoku lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani na. Ngamanye amaxesha unokufuna uvavanyo olungaphezulu kwesinye seempawu zethumba.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana ingxelo yovavanyo?

Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ingakumbi uhlobo lovavanyo lwe-tumor marker oluyalelwe ngugqirha wakho. Unokufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi, umchamo, indle, okanye amathe ngosuku okanye ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna i-biopsy , kungathatha iveki okanye ngaphezulu ukufumana iziphumo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba nomonde kwaye ungoyiki.

Zithini ixabiso eliqhelekileyo leempawu zomhlaza?

Oku kuyinto abantu abaninzi abayibuzayo. Enyanisweni, ekubeni kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeempawu zomhlaza, uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwesifo ngasinye lwahlukile. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga namaxabiso eempawu zesifo somhlaza kuhlobo oluthile lomhlaza, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba iimpawu ze-tumor ziphakanyisiwe?

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-tumor marker zibonisa ukuba ii-markers ziphezulu, oko kunokubangela ukurhaneleka kokuba umhlaza unokubakho. Okanye, kunokuthetha ukuba umhlaza ukhule okanye usasazeke kwezinye iindawo (ezine-metastasized) .

Nangona kunjalo, khumbula oku: into yokuba uphawu lwe-tumor luphakanyisiwe alwanelanga ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho umhlaza.

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho ziphezulu, ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ukuba la manani athetha ukuthini. Basenokuyalela nezinye iimvavanyo.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba iimpawu ze-tumor ziyancipha?

Ukuncipha kweempawu zesifo sephepha kunokuthetha ukuba unyango luyasebenza. Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi ngokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zesifo sephepha ngamanye amaxesha zinokunyuka zize zehle kulo lonke unyango. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kunokuba nzima ukuzilinganisa rhoqo. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha besebenzisa iimvavanyo zeempawu zesifo sephepha kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zokuxilonga.

Ngaba iimpawu ze-tumor zingaphakanyiswa ngaphandle komhlaza?

Ewe, inokuba njalo! Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye izifo ezininzi ezingezizo umhlaza nazo zinokubangela amanqanaba aphezulu eempawu zesifo somhlaza. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• I-anemia
• Isifo se-thyroid
• Ii-cysts ze-ovarian (ezingenobungozi, oko kuthetha ukuba azinamhlaza)
• Isifo sezintso
• Amatye ezintso
• I-Hepatitis (ukudumba kwesibindi)
• I-Sarcoidosis ( imeko yokuvuvukala eyenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba)

Ngoko ke, musa ukoyika kuba nje uphawu lwethumba luphakanyisiwe. Ugqirha wakho uza kufumanisa unobangela ochanekileyo aze akuxelele.

Ngaba uxinzelelo lunokubangela ukuba iimpawu ze-tumor zinyuke?

Abanye abantu bathetha ngale nto. Uphando lufumanise ukuba uxinzelelo olungapheliyo lunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphinda umhlaza kubantu abaye baphiliswa kumhlaza ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuze kuchongwe ukuba uxinzelelo luyazinyusa ngokuthe ngqo na iimpawu zesifo somhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukugcina impilo yengqondo entle kubalulekile kuzo zonke iinkalo.

Ngoko ke, umyalezo wokugqibela oza kugoduka nawo:

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngeempawu zesifo somhlaza namhlanje, akunjalo? Ndicinga ukuba uziqonda kakuhle ezi zinto. Okokugqibela, khumbula la manqaku:

• Iimpawu zesifo somhlaza zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo ezinceda oogqirha ukuba baxilonge, banyange, kwaye bajonge umhlaza.
• Kukho iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zesifo seentsholongwane kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezineempawu.
• Ukuba nje uphawu lwe-tumor luphakanyisiwe akwanelanga ukuqinisekisa umhlaza. Kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe oko.
• Iimpawu zethumba zinokunyuka ngenxa yezinye iimeko ezingezizo zomhlaza.
• Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onazo malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwe-tumor marker. Banokuchaza ulwazi ngendlela efanelekileyo kuwe.

Khumbula, ukuqonda yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokujongana nayo nayiphi na ingxaki yempilo. Ndikunqwenelela impilo entle!

Umhlaza , iimpawu zesifo somhlaza, iimpawu zomhlaza, uvavanyo lomhlaza, ukuxilongwa komhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, ulwazi ngempilo