Singathetha ngezakhono zakho zokusebenzisa imisipha kakuhle?

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba izandla zethu ziyenza ngobuchule nangobuchule kangakanani imisebenzi emincinci esiyenzayo yonke imihla, njengokucofa iqhosha, ukubhala ngepeni, okanye ukubamba ikomityi yekofu? Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba zizakhono zokunyakaza kakuhle, okanye ngesiNgesi `( Fine Motor Skills )` . Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezi nkcukacha zincinci. Makhe sijonge ukuba zibaluleke kangakanani ezi zinto kubomi bethu, indlela ezikhula ngayo, kunye nemiba enokuzichaphazela.

Zithini ezi zakhono zintle zokuqhuba iimoto?

Ngamafutshane, izakhono zemisipha emihle ziintshukumo ezincinci nezichanekileyo esizenzayo sisebenzisa izandla zethu, iminwe, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iinyawo neenzwane zethu. Ukuze senze oku ngokuchanekileyo, sidinga ulungelelwaniso oluhle kakhulu phakathi kwemisipha yethu, amalungu kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo .

Xa sithetha "ngezakhono zoMzimba eziLungileyo", sihlala sicinga ngezinto esizenzayo ngezandla zethu, ezihlahleni, nakwiminwe. Njengaxa usebenzisa umnwe wakho wokukhomba nobhontsi ukucosha into encinci. Kodwa, ubusazi, singenza ezi ntshukumo zincinci ngeenyawo zethu, amaqatha, neenzwane. Ezi zibaluleke kakhulu kwimidlalo efana nokudanisa nokudlala ibhola ekhatywayo. Kukwakho namaxesha apho abanye abantu basebenzisa iinyawo zabo endaweni yezandla zabo.

Olu hlengahlengiso lolawulo lwemoto luyinkqubo enzima kakhulu. Lufuna oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuqonda kunye nokucwangcisa: Ukukwazi ukucinga ngento ekufuneka yenziwe kunye nendlela yokuyenza.
• Ukulungelelanisa: Ingqondo, imithambo-luvo, kunye nemisipha zisebenza kunye.
• Amandla emisipha : Amandla afunekayo ukuze umntu ashukume.
• Imvakalelo eqhelekileyo: Ukuba nemvakalelo eqhelekileyo ezandleni, kwiminwe (okanye ezinyaweni, ezinzwaneni).
• Ubukrelekrele: Ukukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngobuchule nangokuchaneka okukhulu.

Iingxaki ngezi zakhono zinokubakho nakweyiphi na iminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, xa oogqirha bethu kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo bethetha ngophuhliso lomntwana, banikela ingqalelo engakumbi kwezi zakhono zintle zemisipha. Njengoko umntwana ekhula ngokuhamba kwexesha, zonke iinkalo ezine zophuhliso lwakhe ziyaphuhliswa: ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwengqondo, ngolwimi, nangokwentlalo-ngokweemvakalelo. Ezi "Zikhono Zintle Zemisipha" ziyinxalenye yophuhliso lomzimba .

Oogqirha bahlola ezi ngononophelo kuba ukuba kukho ukulibaziseka okukhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwezi zakhono, kunokuba luphawu lwezifo ezahlukeneyo zemithambo-luvo okanye iimeko zomzimba. Ngoko ke, okukhona le ngxaki ibonwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona ungafumana uncedo olufunekayo kumntwana wakho ngokukhawuleza.

Kutheni le nto ezi zakhono zintle zokunyakaza zibaluleke kangaka kuthi?

Khawuthelekelele ukuba ubomi bebuya kuba njani ukuba thina, njengabantu, besingenazo ezi zakhono zibalaseleyo zokunyakaza.

Ezi ntshukumo zincinci nezithambileyo zibalulekile kwimisebenzi emininzi esiyenzayo yonke imihla. Ukususela ekuhlambeni amazinyo kusasa, ekuphekeni nasekutyeni, ekunxibeni, ezi zakhono ziyafuneka. Zisetyenziselwa ukuthumela imiyalezo kwifowuni yakho, ukuphulula isisu senja yakho. Zonke ezi zinto zibalulekile ekuzimeleni kwethu nasekuzinyamekeleni . Zikwasinceda ukuba sonwabele izinto esizithandayo ezifana nokudlala izixhobo zomculo, ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo , nokwenza imisebenzi yezandla.

Kumntwana , ezi "Fine Motor Skills" zibalulekile kumsebenzi wesikolo, njengokuzoba nokubhala. Ayipheleli apho, kodwa ezi zakhono zibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi emininzi , njengokusebenzisa izixhobo kwimisebenzi enxulumene nokwakha, ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha, nokwenza utyando.

Makhe sijonge imizekelo ethile kubomi bemihla ngemihla?

Nazi ezinye zeendlela ezisetyenziswa ngazo izakhono zemoto ezintle:

• Ephethe ipensile aze abhale, ezoba.
• Ukusebenzisa izikere.
• Iimpahla ezisongwayo.
• Ukuthayipha kwikhibhodi.
• Ukubeka iqhosha.
• Ukutsala iziphu.
• Ukubopha imitya yezihlangu.
• Ukuguqula isitshixo somnyango.
• Ukutya ukutya usebenzisa izinto ezifana necephe nefolokhwe.
• Ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo usebenzisa isilawuli.
• Ukudlala isixhobo somculo esifana negitare, iflute, okanye ipiyano.

Khawucinge nje ukuba ubomi bemihla ngemihla buya kuba nzima kangakanani ukuba ubungenakukwazi ukwenza nenye kwezi zinto ngokufanelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto ezi zakhono zixabiseke kangaka.

Indlela ezi zakhono eziphuhla ngayo ebantwaneni abancinci (iziganeko zophuhliso)

Iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zokukhula ziindlela zokuziphatha kunye nezakhono umntwana azibonisayo kwiminyaka ethile njengoko ekhula. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ayingabo bonke abantwana abakhula ngesantya esifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantwana luhlangabezana nolu tshintsho phantse ngexesha elifanayo njengoko bekhula.

Eminye imizekelo (kodwa ingaphelelanga apho) yezakhono zomzimba ezibonakala kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci ibandakanya:

• Usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa: luzama ukubamba into ngesandla salo (le yimpendulo engenziwanga ngabom ebizwa ngokuba yi-'grasp reflex').
• Phakathi kweenyanga ezi-3-6: Udibanisa izandla, ezama ukubamba ithoyi.
• Phakathi kweenyanga ezi-6-9: Udlulisela izinto ukusuka kwesinye isandla ukuya kwesinye, uqala ukubamba izinto ezincinci ngeminwe yakhe (pincer grasp).
• Phakathi kweenyanga ezili-9-12: Uthatha iziqwenga zokutya ezincinci ngeminwe aze azame ukuqokelela iibhloko phezu kwezinye.
• Phakathi konyaka omnye ukuya kwemibini: Ubamba ipensile okanye ikhrayoni, azobe imigca, aze ajike amaphepha encwadi.
• Phakathi kweminyaka emi-2-3:Ndizama ukusika ngesikere (ngoncedo), ndizama ukufaka amaqhosha amakhulu.
• Phakathi kweminyaka emi-3-4: Ufaka imibala kwimifanekiso aze azobe iimilo ezilula ezifana nonxantathu.
• Phakathi kweminyaka emi-4-5: Bayakwazi ukubhala amagama abo, basike kakuhle ngesikere, baze bazame ukubopha imitya yezihlangu.

Ezi zakhono zintle zokunyakaza komzimba ziyaqhubeka nokukhula kwaye ziqina nasemva kokuba le mida yobudala ifezekisiwe. Into ebalulekileyo kukuqonda ukuba umntwana ngamnye ukhula ngesantya sakhe. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nobuchule bomntwana wakho, thetha nogqirha wakhe.

Ezi zakhono zintle zentshukumo yomzimba ziphuhliswa njani?

Ezi "Fine Motor Skills" ziqala ukukhula ukususela ekuzalweni kwethu. Umzekelo, abantwana badla ngokuzalwa bene "grasp reflex". Ukuba uhambisa umnwe wakho engalweni yomntwana, uya kufikelela phezulu aze abambe umnwe wakho. Le yenye yezakhono zokuqala zomzimba ezibonwayo.

Njengoko umntwana ekhula, ezi ntshukumo zincinci ziyaqhubeka zikhula – de kube ngumntu omdala. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, izihlunu zomntwana wakho ziyaqina, kwaye ziphuhlisa ulungelelwaniso olufunekayo ukuze enze iintshukumo ezichanekileyo.

Kwanabantu abadala banokuziphucula izakhono zabo zokunyakaza. Umzekelo, abantu abakhwela amatye baziqhelisa ukuxhoma kwiimfanta ezincinci ematyeni ukuze baqinise amandla abo okubamba. Oogqirha baziqhelisa iintshukumo zezandla ukuze zichaneke, zihambelane, kwaye zichaneke.

Kwakhona, kukho iindlela zokunceda umntwana wakho aziqhelisele ezi zakhono zintle zokunyakaza.

Zeziphi izinto ezinokuphuhlisa ezi zakhono kubantwana abancinci?

Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukunceda ukuphuhlisa izakhono zomzimba zomntwana wakho okanye umntwana omncinci:

• Ukubavumela badlale ngePlay-Doh okanye ngodongwe: Ukucinezela, ukuqengqeleka, kunye nokubumba ngezandla zabo kuqinisa izihlunu zeminwe yabo.
• Ukuzivumela ukuba zibophe iintsimbi ezinkulu: Oku kuphucula ukulungelelaniswa kwesandla namehlo.
• Ukudlala ngamathoyizi anjenge `Blocks` okanye `Lego`: Oku kufuna iintshukumo ezincinci xa uzidibanisa kwaye uziqhekeza.
• Ukuzoba nombala: Abantwana bafunda indlela yokubamba nokulawula izinto ezifana neepensile, iikhrayoni, kunye neewatercolors.
• Ukuvumela ukuba basike iphepha ngesikere: Okokuqala, mabasike ngokwemigca elula, uze emva koko uziqhelise ukusika iimilo ezintsonkothileyo (kufuneka ucinge nangokhuseleko).
• Ukubavumela ukuba bakhe iphazili: Ukubamba iziqwenga ezincinci nokuzibeka kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo kufuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo.
• Ukubavumela badlale ngamanzi: Ukugalela amanzi ukusuka kwenye ikomityi ukuya kwenye okanye ukucinezela isiponji kusebenzisa izihlunu ezisezandleni zabo.
• Ukunceda nokuziqhelanisa nokuqhobosha iimpahla, ukuzivala, kunye nokubopha imitya yezihlangu.
• Ukufumana uncedo oluncinci ngelixa upheka: izinto ezinje ngokuhlamba imifuno, ukuxova intlama, njl.

Zeziphi iimeko ezinokuchaphazela ezi zakhono zintle zokunyakaza?

Ukuba kukho ingxaki nakweyiphi na kwezi ndawo zomzimba wethu, inokuchaphazela izakhono zomzimba ezichanekileyo:

• Ingqondo
• Umqolo
• Iimithambo-luvo zePeripheral (iimithambo-luvo eziphuma engqondweni nakwi-spinal cord)
• Izihlunu
• Amalungu ezandla neenyawo
• Amathambo ezandla neenyawo

Ngenxa yoko, amakhulu eemeko anokuphazamisana nezi zakhono zentshukumo entle. Ezi ngxaki zinokuqala kwezincinci ukuya kwezinzima. Umzekelo, kungathatha ixesha elide nomgudu omkhulu kunesiqhelo ukucofa iqhosha, okanye kusenokungabi lula ukwenza loo msebenzi kwaphela.

Ezinye zezi meko zinokunyangwa okanye zilawulwe , ngelixa ezinye zinokubangela ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo kwizakhono zomzimba.

Iimeko ezinokuchaphazela izakhono zabantwana zokunyakaza komzimba ziquka (kodwa azipheleli apho):

• Ingxaki ye-Autism Spectrum
• Umvakalelo yokitazo
• Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso
• I-Down Syndrome
• Ubunzima bokubhala (`iDysgraphia`)
• Ingxaki yoLungelelaniso loPhuhliso
• I-Hydrocephalus
• Ingxaki Yokusebenza Kweemvakalelo (imeko echaphazela indlela ingqondo esebenza ngayo kwiimvakalelo ezifana nokuchukumisa, ukubona, ukuva, ukuvumba, kunye nokungcamla)
• I-Spin Bifida

Iimeko ezinokuchaphazela izakhono zemoto ezintle kubantwana nakubantu abadala ziquka:

• Iimeko zeMfuzo
• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisipha
• Isifo samathambo sabantwana abakwishumi elivisayo
• Ukwenzakala kwemisipha, imithambo-luvo, amalungu, kunye namathambo, umzekelo, ukwenzakala kwe-brachial plexus
• Istroke (ngaphambi, ngexesha okanye emva kokuzalwa)
• Ukulimala Kwengqondo Okubuhlungu

Iimeko ezinokuchaphazela izakhono zokuhamba kakuhle kwabantu abadala:

• I-rheumatoid arthritis yamalungu eminwe, izandla, amaqatha, okanye iinzwane
• Isifo seCarpal Tunnel
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Isifo sikaHuntington
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• I-Peripheral Neuropathy echaphazela izandla kunye/okanye iinyawo

Siyenza njani imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ibe lula xa sijongene nobunzima obunjalo?

Ukufumanisa ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninengxaki yokusebenzisa izakhono zomzimba ezichanekileyo kunokuba nzima ekuqaleni.Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kukho iindlela ezininzi zokutshintsha okanye zokulungelelanisa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nemisebenzi ukuze kube lula ukuyenza.

Ungafumana uncedo kwingcali yezonyango ngomsebenzi . Ingcali yezonyango ngumsebenzi wezempilo onceda abantu bayo yonke iminyaka ukuphucula amandla abo okwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Baza kukubonisa indlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo okanye iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze ubandakanyeke ngokukhuselekileyo kwimisebenzi yakho. Ingcali yezonyango ingakufundisa imithambo kunye nendlela yokulawula izinto ezahlukeneyo. Kubantwana, oku kungabandakanya ukudlala ngamathoyizi kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo zesikolo. Unyango lomsebenzi lunceda abantu baphile ngokuzimela kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Bakunika izimvo, imithambo, kunye nezixhobo onokuzisebenzisa ekhaya.

Eminye imizekelo yokuziqhelanisa:

• Ukuzinzisa: Ukwenza ithoyizi okanye into izinze ngakumbi ngelixa umntu esebenza ngayo. Ungasebenzisa iVelcro®, iikomityi zokufunxa, iiclamp, okanye iimagnethi ukugcina amathoyizi okanye izinto zingaqengqeleki lula, kwaye uzigcine zisendaweni yazo ngelixa umntwana wakho ezisebenzisa.
• Ukwandisa okanye ukwandisa: Ukongeza into ethile kwinto yokudlala okanye kwinto ukuze kube lula ukuyibamba okanye ukuyilawula. Umzekelo, ungongeza 'into yokubamba ipensile' enkulu ukuze kube lula ukuyibamba ipensile. Okanye ungongeza 'amaqhina' ukuze kube lula ukuyilawula iziqwenga zephazili.
• Ukwenza lula: Ukunciphisa inani lamanyathelo afunekayo ukuze kugqitywe umsebenzi. Umzekelo, umntwana wakho angatshintsha izihlangu ezinemitya yeVelcro, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuzinxiba. Iimpahla ezolulekileyo zinokuba lula ukuzinxiba nokuzikhulula kuneempahla ezineziphu okanye amaqhosha. Ukusela kwistraw kunokuba lula kunokubamba ikomityi uze uyiphakamisele emlonyeni wakho.

Kukwakho neentlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo ezizilungelelanisayo . Umzekelo, i-hook enamaqhosha ikuvumela ukuba ubophe amaqhosha ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iminwe yakho (ubamba i-hook ngesiphatho). Kukwakho neentlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zokutya ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukukunceda utye wedwa.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba ukhathazekile kukuba umntwana wakho akafikeleli kwimigangatho yezakhono zakhe zomzimba, thetha nogqirha wezingane womntwana wakho. Angabuza imibuzo malunga neenkxalabo zakho aze enze uvavanyo ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ungaqhagamshelana nesikolo somntwana wakho ukuze kuhlolwe.

Ukuba ubona ukwehla kwezakhono zakho zokunyakaza okanye zomntwana wakho, ingakumbi ukuba ukwehla kwenzeka ngequbuliso, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Oku kungaba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu esingabonakaliyo.

Ngoko ke, nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kwizinto esithethe ngazo:

Ngoko ke, ungabona ukuba ezi zinto zincinci zibizwa ngokuba zizakhono zokunyakaza ezisemgangathweni zibaluleke kangakanani ebomini bethu. Ezi zinto zikhula ukususela kumhla esizalwa ngawo ukuya kuthi ga ebudaleni. Kubantwana abancinci, ukuhlola indawo ebangqongileyo kubanceda baphuhlise ezi zakhono. Kwaye ungaxhasa nophuhliso lwabo ngemisebenzi esithethe ngayo ngaphambili.

Khumbula, wonke umntwana wahlukile. Bakhula ngesantya sabo. Ngoko ke, musa ukuzithelekisa nabanye ngokungeyomfuneko.

Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga nobuchule bomntwana wakho, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha ngaloo nto. Ngenxa yokuba kukho iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela ezi ntshukumo zincinci, okukhona zibonwa kwangoko, kokukhona zingcono. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, unokufumana uncedo oluninzi lokumelana nezi ngxaki kwaye wenze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ibe lula ngezinto ezifana nonyango lomsebenzi.

Izakhono Ezilungileyo Zomzimba, Uphuhliso Lomntwana, Izakhono Zesandla, Ukusetyenziswa Kweminwe, Iziganeko Zophuhliso, Unyango Lomsebenzi