Ngaba uneeseli ezibomvu ezifana nameva egazini lakho? Masifunde nge (Acanthocytosis)!

Ngaba wakha weva ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini lakho? Ngokwesiqhelo, zingqukuva, njengeebhola ezincinci ezithe tyaba. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ezi seli zibomvu zegazi zinokutshintsha imo zize zibe yimilo engaqhelekanga, enameva, nenameva. Yiloo nto igama lezonyango lale meko libizwa ngokuba yi-`(Acanthocytosis)`. Cinga nje, igama lesiGrike elithi "acan" lithetha iva, into efana neva. Igama elithi "Cyte" lithetha iseli. Ngoko ke, "iiseli ezifana neva" yintsingiselo elula yoku.

Enyanisweni, sonke sineeseli ezimbalwa ze-thorny cells (ii-Acanthocytes) egazini lethu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ayisiyongxaki inkulu. Kodwa, ukuba unezisele ezininzi ze-thorny cells egazini lakho, kulapho ke kuqala khona iingxaki ezincinci. Uyazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni? Sinesitho esibizwa ngokuba yi-spleen . Sisebenza njengesihluzo esicoca igazi lethu. Oko kwenziwa yi-spleen kukuchonga iiseli ezindala, ezonakeleyo egazini size sizitshabalalise. Ngoko ke, xa ezo seli zibomvu zegazi zidlula kwi-spleen, i-spleen icinga, "Owu, ezi zibonakala zingcolile kancinci, azibonakali njengeeseli eziqhelekileyo." Emva koko i-spleen iqala ukutshabalalisa ezi seli ze-thorny ngesantya esiphezulu. Xa oko kusenzeka, inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni emzimbeni wakho linokuncipha. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-anemia okanye "hemolytic anemia". Oko kukuthi, ukungabikho kwegazi okubangelwa kukuqhekeka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ayipheleli apho, le meko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Acanthocytosis" inokuba luphawu lwezinye izifo ezininzi kunye neengxaki. Ngoko ke, xa ezi seli zinameva zifunyanwa egazini, oko kunokunceda oogqirha ukuba bafumanise ezinye izifo ezisisiseko.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi iimpawu esinokuzifumana ngenxa yale `(Acanthocytosis)`?

Xa i-spleen yakho itshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yesifo se-sickle cell, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"hemolytic anemia" iyenzeka. Unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukutyheli kolusu namehlo: Sikwabiza oku ngokuba yi-"jaundice", njengokuba kwenzeka xa abanye abantu benomkhuhlane otyheli.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu: Akupheleli nje ekudinweni, kodwa kukuziva udiniwe nokuba ulala kangakanani na.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Ukuziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo nokuba uphantsi koxinzelelo oluncinci (ukuphelelwa ngamandla).
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza: Ukuziva isifuba sakho sibetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu nangona umile nje (tachycardia).
• Igazi kumchamo: Ngamanye amaxesha umchamo unokuba bomvu okanye ube mdaka omnyama (hematuria).
• Intlungu yesisu: Oku kudla ngokubangelwa yi-spleen evuvukileyo.

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu, ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo esibangele ukuba ezi seli zineempukane zakheke emzimbeni wakho. Cinga, kwabanye abantu:

• Ukunciphisa umzimba: Ukuba ungumntwana omncinci, ukukhula kusenokucotha.
• Iingxaki zokulungelelanisa imisebenzi yezihlunu: Njengokulahlekelwa yibhalansi (ataxia).
• Iintshukumo zomzimba ezizenzekelayo ezingenakulawulwa ngumntu: umzekelo, ukuqhwanyaza okanye ukujika intamo (ukushukuma).
• Ubunzima bokucinga nokukhumbula: Ukuziva ngathi ingqondo yakho iyehla (ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo).
• Iingxaki zokugaya ukutya.
• Indle ephaphathekileyo: Oku kunokwenzeka xa amafutha engagaywanga kakuhle (i-steatorrhea).
• Umchamo onombala omnyama.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Kutheni ezi ntlobo zeeseli ezinameva zenzeka egazini lethu? Zithini izizathu?

Ngamafutshane, imbangela ephambili ye-`(Acanthocytosis)` yimpembelelo kwi-membrane yangaphandle yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, oko kukuthi, i-`(i-membrane yeseli).` Le membrane yeseli yenziwe ngamafutha `(lipids)` kunye neeproteni . Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho isifo okanye imeko echaphazela ezi zinto zibalulekileyo, imo eqhelekileyo ejikelezayo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi iyatshintsha kwaye ziqala ukuthatha loo mbonakalo ifana nemeva.

Ezi seli ze-stem eziguquliweyo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, azihluzwa lula xa zidlula kwi-spleen. Ngenxa yoko, i-spleen iyazitshabalalisa. Ngamanye amaxesha, endaweni yokutshabalalisa ezi seli, i-spleen iyenza buthuntu eminye yemiqolo yazo ize izibuyisele egazini. Ezi seli ze-stem eziguquliweyo ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yi-`(spur cells)`.

Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziphambili ze-acanthocytosis:

• Isifo sesibindi esibi kakhulu: Iiseli ze-spur zihlala ziluphawu lwesifo sesibindi esibi kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha esisongela ubomi. Abanye abantu abanesifo sesibindi baba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-spur cell anemia (SPA). Oku kuthetha ukuba baneeseli ze-spur egazini labo, kwaye banenani eliphantsi leeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• I-Abetalipoproteinemia: Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu, esifumaneka kwimfuza. Oko kukuthi, sifunyanwa ngabazali ukuya ebantwaneni. Esi sifo sibangela ukuba umzimba ungakwazi ukufunxa amafutha kunye neevithamini ezinyibilikayo kumafutha (iivithamini A, D, E, K).
• I-Neuroacanthocytosis: Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga semfuza. Oku kubangela ukungakwazi ukulawula iintshukumo zomzimba. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-chorea-acanthocytosis, i-McLeod syndrome, i-pantothenate-kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), kunye ne-Huntington's disease-like 2.

Ukongeza kwezi zizathu ziphambili, ezinye iimeko zinokubangela "i-Acanthocytosis":

• I-Anorexia nervosa yimeko ebangelwa kukungabi namdla wokutya.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-thyroid gland (i-Hypothyroidism).
• Isifo seMyelodysplastic sisifo somongo wethambo.
• Isifo sezintso.
• Ukususwa kwespleen ngotyando (i-spleenectomy).
• Amayeza athile (umzekelo, amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol afana ne-"statins").

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-acanthocytosis?

Ugqirha wakho unokuxilonga i-acanthocytosis ngokwenza i-peripheral blood smear (PBS) . Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yegazi lakho uze uyijonge phantsi kwe-microscope. Oku kuya kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba zikhona ezi seli zingaqhelekanga nezinamaqhuqhuva.

Emva koko, ukuze ufumane ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela ezi cysts ze-sebaceous, kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwegazi olungakumbi. Nazi:

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (i-CBC)
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwezintso
• Uvavanyo lwehomoni ye-thyroid
• Uvavanyo lwenqanaba lamafutha egazini `(Iphaneli yeLipid)`
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Jonga utshintsho lwemfuza olunxulumene nezifo ezithile ezizuzwa njengelifa.

Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa iimvavanyo ezifana ne-imaging scan ukuze kubonwe ukuba akukho monakalo kwizicubu okanye amalungu omzimba wakho.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Unyango lwe-acanthocytosis luxhomekeke kwisizathu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, xa imeko esisiseko inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibuyela kwisimo sazo esiqhelekileyo.

Cinga nje, unyango lwesifo sesibindi kunye neemeko ezifana ne-"Neuroacanthocytosis" lujolise kakhulu ekulawuleni iimpawu. Ezi zifo zihlala zinzima ukuzinyanga ngokupheleleyo. Ziya ziba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, kwisifo sesibindi esinzima, kukho iimeko apho unyango lokufakelwa kwesibindi kuphela.

Ukuba unesifo semfuza esibizwa ngokuba yi-abetalipoproteinemia, kunokufuneka unciphise ukutya kwakho amafutha angenampilo kwaye ufumane iikhalori ezaneleyo. Kusenokufuneka uthathe izongezo zeevithamini ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana iivithamini ezaneleyo (A, D, E, K) zokwakha iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni.

Ukuba i-acanthocytosis ibangelwa yi-anorexia okanye i-hypothyroidism, imeko idla ngokuba ngcono xa imeko engaphantsi kwayo inyangwa. Kwakhona, ukuba kufumaniseke ukuba iyeza elibangela i-acanthocytosis, imeko idla ngokuphela xa iyekile ukusebenzisa iyeza.

Ukuba ndinayo le meko, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Kwezinye iimeko, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-acanthocytosis inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngonyango. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibuyela esiqhelweni.

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, iziphumo zempilo yakho zixhomekeke ekubeni yintoni ebangele ukukhula kwezi glands ze-sebaceous kunye nokuba uqala ngokukhawuleza kangakanani unyango lwazo.

Umzekelo, izifo ezifana ne-`(Neuroacanthocytosis)` kunye ne-`(Abetalipoproteinemia)` zinokubangela umonakalo wexesha elide kwizicwili zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwaye sinyangwa kwangethuba,, inokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kweempawu.

Ngokubanzi, ukuba une-`(Acanthocytosis)` enesifo sesibindi, inokuba yinto embi kakhulu. Abantu abaninzi abane-`(spur cell anemia)` ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla bafa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Ke ngoko, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwazi ngemeko yakho kukuvela kugqirha okunyangayo. Uza kujonga impilo yakho iyonke kunye nesizathu sezi seli ze-spur, aze achaze ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kuwe.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela le `(Acanthocytosis)` ukuba ingenzeki?

Enyanisweni, ukuba i-acanthocytosis ibangelwa sisifo semfuza, akukho ndlela yokuyithintela. Kuba yinto esiyizuz’ ilifa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana le meko ngenxa yezinye izizathu.

• Kuphephe okanye unciphise ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Oku kunokunceda ekuthinteleni izifo zesibindi ezinxulumene notywala.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Umzimba wakho udinga ukufumana izondlo ezifanelekileyo ukuze wenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokukhetha ukutya okufanelekileyo kuwe, qhagamshelana nogqirha wezondlo.
• Fumana unyango kwangethuba: Ezinye iimeko ezibangela i-sebaceous cysts zinokuba nzima ngokukhawuleza ukuba azinyangwa. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha kwangoko xa kuvela iimpawu, uxilonge imeko, kwaye uqale unyango.

Ndingayinyamekela njani impilo yam?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela unyango oluchazwe ngugqirha wakho kwimeko ebangela i-acanthocytosis yakho.

Ukuba unesifo semfuza esibizwa ngokuba yi-acanthocytosis, cinga ngokufumana ingcebiso ngemfuza . Umcebisi ngemfuza angakunika ingcebiso malunga nendlela esi sifo esinokukuchaphazela ngayo wena nosapho lwakho, kunye nethuba lokuba uza kudlulisela utshintsho lwemfuza olubangela eso sifo kubantwana bakho.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Xa usiya kugqirha, ungathandabuzi ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba kufuneka ndikhathazeke ngokuba nezi seli ezinameva (ii-Acanthocytes) egazini lam?
• Zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo ekufuneka ndizenze ukuze ndifumane unobangela woku?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango olucebisa mna?
• Luhlobo luni lweziphumo endinokuzilindela kwezi ndlela zonyango?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndidibane nomcebisi wezemfuza?

Okokugqibela, kufuneka ndithi... (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Xa oogqirha bekuxilonga, bajonga nembonakalo yeeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Ukuba uxilongwe ukuba une-`(Acanthocytosis)` kuthetha ukuba uneeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingaqhelekanga egazini lakho. Ungakhathazeki. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lunokubuyisela iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi kwimeko eqhelekileyo. Okanye, lunokunceda ekulawuleni isifo esisisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba nee-acanthocytes egazini lakho kunokuba luphawu lwemeko enzima, njengesifo sesibindi esinzima. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono ukuchaza ngqo indlela ukuba ne-`(Acanthocytosis)` echaphazela ngayo impilo yakho. Ukuba umamela oko akuthethayo kwaye ulandele unyango ngokuchanekileyo, imeko inokulawulwa rhoqo.

I- Acanthocytosis, Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu, iScutellaria, iSpleen, i-Anemia, isifo sesibindi