Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba umsebenzi omninzi owenziwa ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho, ngaphandle kokuba ungazi? Cinga ngako, intliziyo yakho ibetha, ukuphefumla kwakho, ukukhumbula ubuso obububonileyo, ukuhambisa kwakho iingalo nemilenze... Konke oku akwenzeki simahla. Emva kwako konke oku kukho ii-chemical messengers ezincinci. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngomnye wezo zithunywa zibalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Igama layo yi-acetylcholine, okanye (ACh) ngamafutshane.
Ngoko ke ngubani le acetylcholine (ACh)?
Ngamafutshane, i-acetylcholine (ACh) luhlobo lwekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-neurotransmitter. Cinga ngayo njengonxibelelwano lwefowuni phakathi kwengqondo yethu kunye nomzimba wethu wonke. Ngoko ke ezi (neurotransmitters) zifana 'nezithunywa' ezithwala imiyalezo zibuyela umva kulo lonke olo nxibelelwano.
I-Acetylcholine yi-neurotransmitter evuselelayo. Oko kuthetha ukuba esi sithunywa siya kwiseli yemithambo-luvo elandelayo size "siyivuse," "siyishukumise kakuhle," sisithi, "Kulungile, ngoku lixesha lakho, qhubela phambili lo myalezo."
Igama layo livela kwizinto ezimbini eyenziwe ngazo. Liqela le-acetyl kunye nesondlo esibizwa ngokuba yi-choline. Le choline singayifumana ekutyeni. Ifumaneka kwizinto ezifana neengqayi zamaqanda, i-soy, kunye nemifuno kunye namandongomane. Ikwaveliswa sisibindi sethu.
I-Acetylcholine yenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Ibaluleke kakhulu ekushukumeni kwemisipha ngokuzithandela . Ikwadlala indima enkulu kwimisebenzi yengqondo efana nokukhumbula, ukucinga, nokufunda izinto ezintsha .
Oku kwenzeka njani ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu?
Sine-enzyme emizimbeni yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-'choline acetyltransferase'. Cinga ngayo njengompheki. Le enzyme yiyo edibanisa i-choline ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili kunye neqela le-acetyl ukwenza i-acetylcholine (ACh) emnandi ye-messenger. Le nkqubo yenzeka eziphelweni zeeseli zethu zemithambo-luvo.
Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba lo myalezo uhamba njani.
Emva kokuba i-acetylcholine (ACh) yenziwe, igcinwa ekupheleni kweseli yemithambo-luvo, njengenqwaba yeeleta eposini. Le ACh igciniweyo ikhutshwa xa kufika umyalezo ovela engqondweni.
Emva koko le ACh itsibela kwisithuba esincinci phakathi kweeseli ezimbini zemithambo-luvo. Esi sithuba sibizwa ngokuba yi-synaptic cleft. Cinga ngaso njengomyalezo otsibela ngaphesheya komlambo.
Iseli yemithambo-luvo ecaleni kwayo ineendawo ezikhethekileyo zokubamba le ACh ingenayo. Ukuchaneka, ifana nesitshixo esifanelana nesitshixo. Ezi receptor sizibiza ngokuba zi-receptors. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-receptors ze-acetylcholine:
1. Ii-receptors zeNicotinic
2. Ii-Muscarinic receptors
Xa isitshixo se-ACh sibopha kwenye yezi zitshixo zimbini ze-Ibi, umyalezo udluliselwa kwiseli elandelayo. Ngale ndlela, umyalezo udlula ukusuka kwiseli ukuya kwenye uze ufikelele kwindawo efanelekileyo (umzekelo, umsipha).
Emva kokuba umyalezo uthunyelwe, kukho umntu osusa i-ACh eseleyo kuloo mngxuma. Loo nto yi-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-'acetylcholinesterase.' Oku kukwenza kukwahlula i-ACh eseleyo ize iyiguqule ibe ziinxalenye ezintsha ngokupheleleyo . Emva koko ezo nxalenye zingasetyenziswa kwakhona ukwenza i-ACh entsha. Kufana nokucoca indlela emva kokuba umyalezo uthunyelwe kwaye uvumele umyalezo olandelayo ukuba udlule.
Zeziphi izinto eziphambili ezenziwa yi-acetylcholine (ACh) emizimbeni yethu?
I-Acetylcholine (ACh) inemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Umsebenzi wayo uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwi-receptor ebopha kuyo. Makhe sijonge imisebenzi yayo ephambili.
| Uhlobo lweSamkeli | Umsebenzi oPhambili |
|---|---|
| Xa iqhotyoshelwe kwi-muscarinic receptors |
|
| Xa iqhotyoshelwe kwi-nicotinic receptors |
|
Zombini ezi ntlobo zee-receptors zibandakanyeka kuyo yonke into ukusuka ekugcineni iinkumbulo zethu, ukuya ekwakheni iinkumbulo ezintsha, ukuzigcina, nokuzikhumbula . Zikwabaluleke kakhulu engqondweni, ukuze sinikele ingqalelo, sizimisele ukufunda, kunye nesigaba sokulala nzulu esibizwa ngokuba yi-REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep.
Zeziphi izifo ezinokuvela ukuba oku kuncitshisiwe?
Ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-acetylcholine (ACh) emzimbeni wethu kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezininzi zempilo ezinzulu. Ezona ziphambili zezi:
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer: Esi sisifo esichaphazela kakhulu inkumbulo. Kufunyenwe ukuba abantu abanesifo sika-Alzheimer banamanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu e-acetylcholine engqondweni.
- I-Myasthenia gravis: Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela isebenza ngokuchasene nathi. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba ii-antibodies zethu ziyahamba zize zonakalise ii-acetylcholine receptors (ACh) kwimisipha. Emva koko i-ACh ayikwazi ukuthumela umyalezo, ngoko ke imisipha iyathamba kancinci kancinci.
- Isifo se-Lambert-Eaton myasthenic: Oku kukwabangela ubuthathaka bemisipha. Kodwa unobangela wahlukile. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo azikhuphi i-ACh eyaneleyo.
Ezinye izinto ezichaphazela i-acetylcholine (ACh)
Okubuhlungu kukuba, abanye baye basebenzisa ulwazi lwendlela i-acetylcholine esebenza ngayo ukwenzakalisa abantu.
Umzekelo, iigesi zemithambo-luvo ezifana ne-sarin kunye nezinye izibulali-zinambuzane zisebenza ngokuvala i-enzyme yokucoca i-acetylcholinesterase esithethe ngayo ngaphambili. Oku kuvumela i-ACh ukuba iqokelele, ikhubaze izihlunu kwaye ide ibangele ukufa.
Kwakhona, xa ityiwe, ubuthi besicabucabu se-black widow bubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-ACh anyuke kakhulu. Oku kunokubangela ukushwabana okukhulu kwemisipha, ukuxhuzula, kunye nokukhubazeka, kwanokufa.
Kwimeko kaxakeka efana nokutyhefwa, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuya ngokukhawuleza kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane . Ukuba kuyimfuneko, oogqirha baya kuqhagamshelana neZiko loLwazi lweTyhefu leSizwe kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo ukuze bafumane iingcebiso.
Ngaba kukho amayeza ajolise koku?
Ewe. Amayeza ajoliswe kwi-acetylcholine asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye izifo.
Udidi oluphambili lwamayeza 'zii-cholinesterase inhibitors'. La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela i-enzyme ephula i-ACh. Oku kuvumela i-ACh ukuba ihlale kwindawo ephakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo ixesha elide, nto leyo enyusa umsebenzi wayo. La mayeza (umz. i-donepezil, i-rivastigmine) asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko apho amanqanaba e-ACh aphantsi, njengesifo se-Alzheimer kunye ne-myasthenia gravis .
Omnye umzekelo yiBotulinum toxin , okanye njengoko sonke sisazi, 'iBotox'. Isebenza ngokuthintela ukukhululwa kwe-ACh kwiziphelo zemithambo-luvo. Oku kubangela ukuba izihlunu ziphumle endaweni yokuba zinciphe. Isetyenziselwa iinjongo zobuhle (ukunciphisa imibimbi) kunye nokunyanga iimeko ezifana nemigraines.
Ngaba singayithatha le nto njengepilisi? Ngaba singayifumana ekutyeni?
I-Acetylcholine (ACh) ngokwayo ayinakuthatyathwa njengepilisi. Nangona kunjalo, izondlo ezinceda ekwenzeni oku, i-choline, zingathathwa njengesongezelelo. Ezinye izongezo zemifuno, ezifana neGinkgo biloba, nazo zikholelwa ukuba zichaphazela amanqanaba e-ACh.
Kodwa nantsi into ekufuneka uyikhumbule ngokuqinisekileyo . Ungaze usebenzise naziphi na izongezo ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho okanye nekhemisti kuqala . Zinokuchaphazelana nezinye iiyeza ozisebenzisayo, okanye zinokuba yingozi kuwe.
Kodwa singayifumana i-choline ngokwendalo ekutyeni. Ezinye zezona zinto ziphambili ekukutya okuquletheyo zezi:
- Isibindi senyama yenkomo
- Amaqanda
- Inyama yenkomo
- Iimbotyi zesoya, iitships
- Inkukhu
- Intlanzi yeCod
- IQuinoa
- Amakhowa, ibroccoli
- Ubisi
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Acetylcholine (ACh) sisithunywa esibalulekileyo sekhemikhali esilawula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana nenkumbulo yethu, intshukumo yemisipha, kunye nesantya sentliziyo.
- Amanqanaba aphantsi oku anokubangela izifo ezinzulu ezifana nesifo sika-Alzheimer kunye ne-myasthenia gravis.
- Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ingakumbi ukutya okune-choline, kunokukunceda ufumane izondlo ezifunwa ngumzimba wakho.
- Ungaze uthathe izongezo zokuphucula inkumbulo okanye nangasiphi na esinye isizathu ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho.
💬 Comments (0)
Akukho zimvo zithunyelweyo okwangoku. Faka uluvo lwakho apha okokuqala.
Faka uluvo lwakho