Njengokuba umntu ongaboni kakuhle enokulibona kakuhle ihlabathi xa enxibe iiglasi, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, amayeza e-ADHD anokunceda abantu abane-ADHD ukuba bagxile kwiingcinga zabo, bayeke ukuphazamiseka zizinto ezingeyomfuneko, kwaye balawule indlela abaziphatha ngayo. La mayeza awanakunyanga ngokupheleleyo i-ADHD, kodwa anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kwaye abancede basebenze kakuhle ngelixa besela amayeza.
Okokuqala, yintoni i-ADHD?
Ngamafutshane, i-ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) sisifo esixhaphakileyo se-neurodevelopmental disorder. Abantwana abanale meko banokuba nomdla kakhulu, babonakalise ukuziphatha okungxamayo, kwaye babe nobunzima bokunikel’ ingqalelo, ukulandela imiyalelo, kunye nokugqiba imisebenzi.
Iimpawu ze-ADHD eziqala ebuntwaneni zihlala ziqhubeka de kube mdala. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90% yeempawu zobuntwana zihlala ziqhubeka de kube mdala. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abaqondi nokuba bane-ADHD de babe badala.
Abantu abadala abane-ADHD banokuba nobunzima bokulandela imiyalelo, ukukhumbula ulwazi, ukuhlala begxile, kunye nokuhlela imisebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu kubantu abadala zinokubonakala zahlukile kancinci kuneempawu kubantwana. Umzekelo, ukusebenza kakhulu emntwaneni kunokubonakala ngathi kukungazinzi kakhulu kumntu omdala.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene ngamayeza e-ADHD?
Amayeza e-ADHD asebenza ngokwahlukileyo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwamayeza anikwa wona. Kodwa phantse onke amayeza e-ADHD asebenza ngokunyusa amanqanaba eekhemikhali ezibalulekileyo (ii-neurotransmitters) engqondweni yethu. Ezona khemikhali zibalulekileyo yi-dopamine kunye ne-norepinephrine.
Njengoko la manqanaba enyuka, iimpawu ze-ADHD ziqala ukulawula. Oku kuthetha ukuba:
- Ixesha onokugxila kulo kwinto enye liyakhula.
- Umsebenzi ogqithisileyo uyancipha.
- Ukuziphatha okungacwangciswanga kuyalawulwa.
- Ubuchule bokucwangcisa nokucwangcisa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (ukungasebenzi kakuhle kolawulo) buyaphucuka.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba amayeza e-ADHD awasebenzi ngendlela efanayo kuye wonke umntu. Okusebenza komnye umntu kusenokungasebenzi kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho. Ngoko ke musa ukucinga ukuba amayeza okuqala oqala ngawo afanelekile. Asenokungasebenzi, okanye anokuba nemiphumo emibi ecaphukisayo. Okanye nokuba amayeza afanelekile, idosi inokufuneka itshintshwe.
Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho malunga nawo onke amayeza, iivithamini, kunye nezongezo ozithathayo wena okanye umntwana wakho, kunye nokuba usela i-caffeine engakanani ngosuku, njengekofu.Kuba ukuthatha amayeza kunye kunokuba nemiphumo emibi emzimbeni.
Ugqirha wakho unokuzama amayeza ahlukeneyo kunye needosi ezahlukeneyo de afumane amayeza afanelekileyo kunye nedosi efanelekileyo kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho. Ngeli xesha, baya kukujonga baze balungise idosi ukuze bafumane ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi kweenzuzo zamayeza kunye nemiphumo emibi. Nje ukuba kufunyanwe amayeza afanelekileyo kunye nedosi, uninzi lwabantu abane-ADHD bayakwazi ukulawula iimpawu zabo kakuhle.
Zithini amayeza e-ADHD?
I-ADHD inyangwa kakhulu ngezinto ezivuselelayo kunye nezinto ezingavuseleliyo. Ngamanye amaxesha amayeza okudakumba nawo anokunikwa.
Izinto ezikhuthazayo
La ngamayeza aqhelekileyo anikwa i-ADHD. Nangona igama elithi "stimulants," la mayeza awakwenzi uzive uphaphile ngakumbi. Anyusa amanqanaba e-dopamine kunye ne-norepinephrine engqondweni yakho. La mayeza abalulekile ekuqwalaseleni kwakho, ekucingeni nasekukhuthazeni. Izifundo zibonise ukuba malunga ne-80% yabantwana abane-ADHD bafumana iimpawu ezinciphileyo xa befumene amayeza afanelekileyo okukhuthaza kunye nomthamo.
La mayeza athathwa njengezinto ezilawulwayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba anokuba yingozi okanye asetyenziswe kakubi. Nangona kunjalo, akhuselekile kakhulu xa ethathwa phantsi kweliso likagqirha. Ngaphambi kokuba anike amayeza, ugqirha wakho unokwenza i-EKG ukujonga naziphi na iingxaki zentliziyo ezingabonwanga.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezinto ezivuselelayo:
- Ukukhululwa kwangoko/ukusebenza kancinci: Ezi zihlala zithathwa xa kufuneka. Zihlala malunga neeyure ezi-4. Xa iziphumo zolu hlobo lwamayeza ziphela, abanye abantu bafumana "ukuqhekeka" okanye "isiphumo sokubuyela umva." Oku kuthetha ukuba ngequbuliso baphelelwa ngamandla, bazive belambile kakhulu, kwaye abanye abantu bafumana ukwehla kwemvakalelo ngequbuliso.
- Ukukhululwa ixesha elide/ukusebenza ixesha elide: Ezi zihlala zithathwa kanye ngemini kusasa. Ezinye zisebenza iiyure ezi-6-8, ngelixa ezinye zinokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezili-16. La mayeza anciphisa ukunyuka nokwehla kwamandla kunye neemvakalelo imini yonke. Oku kunciphisa nesidingo somthamo owongezelelweyo esikolweni okanye emsebenzini.
Izinto ezingezizo ezivuselelayo
La mayeza akwangumyalelo kagqirha, kodwa awanazo izinto ezilawulwayo ezifana nezivuseleli. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho mngcipheko mkhulu wokulutha okanye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa. Asebenza ikakhulu ngokunyusa izinga le-norepinephrine engqondweni.
La mayeza athatha ixesha elide ukuqala ukusebenza kunezivuselelayo. Kufuneka uwathathe rhoqo amayeza ubuncinane iiveki ezi-3-4 ukuze uve iziphumo ezipheleleyo.Kodwa ezi zinokulawula ingqalelo yakho, ulungelelwaniso, kunye namandla akho okuzimisela. Zingasebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-24.
Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba ugqirha angakunika olu hlobo lwamayeza:
- Ukuba amayeza okuvuselela umzimba awasebenzi.
- Ukuba ufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwizikhuthazi.
- Ukuba ufuna ukwandisa iziphumo, yinike kunye nezinto ezikhuthazayo.
Amayeza okudakumba
La mayeza angowona avunyiweyo ngokukodwa ukunyanga i-ADHD. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bawanika ewodwa okanye xa bewadibanisa nezinto ezivuselela i-ADHD. Amayeza okudakumba e-ADHD nawo achaphazela amanqanaba e-dopamine kunye ne-norepinephrine engqondweni.
Ngaba amayeza e-ADHD anemiphumo emibi?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwenzeka xa uqala ukuthatha amayeza. Kodwa ezi zihlala zizezexeshana kwaye azibi zimbi kakhulu. Ziya kuphela emva kweeveki ezimbalwa njengoko umzimba wakho uqhelana namayeza. Kodwa azifane zibe qatha okanye ziqhubeke.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo zezi:
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya: Oku kuchaphazela malunga nama-80% abantu abathatha izikhuthazi-mzimba.
- Ukunciphisa umzimba: Oku kungalawulwa ngokuthatha amayeza emva kokutya okanye ngokongeza izinto ezifana neeprotein shakes ekutyeni kwakho.
- Ubunzima bokulala: Oku kungabandakanya ubunzima bokulala nokuvuka rhoqo. Ukutshintsha ixesha losuku olithathayo amayeza akho kunokunceda ekunciphiseni oku kakhulu.
Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga:
- Isiphumo sokubuyela umva: Ukuziva udiniwe okwethutyana, ukucaphuka okukhulu, okanye utshintsho kwimo yengqondo njengoko isiyobisi siphela.
- Ixhala: Ukuqala okutsha okanye ukuba mandundu kwexhala.
- Iintshukumo: Iintshukumo okanye izandi eziphindaphindayo ngequbuliso (umz., ukuqhwanyaza amehlo, ukuhla komphimbo). Amayeza e-ADHD awabangeli iintshukumo, kodwa anokubonakala ngakumbi kunangaphandle kwamayeza.
- Ukungakhululeki esiswini: izinto ezifana nokucaphuka nokuhlanza.
- Utshintsho kuxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesantya sentliziyo: Amanye amayeza anokubangela ukunyuka okuncinci koxinzelelo lwegazi. Isantya sentliziyo sinokunyuka kancinci. Oku akusoloko kuyingozi, kodwa ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninembali yesifo sentliziyo , ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka nixelele ugqirha wakho.
Ukuba ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga azipheli emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukuzilawula ngokutshintsha idosi okanye ixesha leyeza lakho, ukutshintshela kwiyeza elisebenza ixesha elide, okanye ukuzama uhlobo olwahlukileyo lweyeza.
Ngaba i-ADHD ingalawulwa ngaphandle kwamayeza?
Unyango lokuqala lwe-ADHD ngamayeza.Izifundo zibonise ukuba malunga ne-80% yabantwana bayaphumelela ngamayeza. Kodwa mhlawumbi uyoyika iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza, okanye ungathanda ukungawasebenzisi amayeza ngenxa yesinye isizathu.
Kwabaninzi abantu , unyango lokuziphatha lukhetho oluhle. Unyango lokuziphatha lubandakanya ukufundisa nokuqinisa ukuziphatha okuhle kunye nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo nokungalunganga.
- Kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala: Kucetyiswa ukuba abazali bafumane uqeqesho lokulawula ukuziphatha. Ngale ndlela, abazali banokufunda iindlela kunye namaqhinga okunceda umntwana wabo.
- Emva kweminyaka emi-6: Unyango lokuziphatha luyacetyiswa kunye namayeza. Isikolo somntwana sikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesi sicwangciso sonyango.
| Uhlobo lweyeza | Imizekelo esetyenziswa rhoqo (Igama eliqhelekileyo / Igama lophawu) |
|---|---|
| Izinto ezikhuthazayo | I-Methylphenidate (iRitalin, iConcerta), i-Amphetamine (iAdderall, iVyvanse) |
| Izinto ezingezizo ezivuselelayo | IAtomoxetine (iStrattera), iGuanfacine (Intuniv) |
| Amayeza okudakumba (Isetyenziswa kwezinye iimeko) | I-Bupropion (iWellbutrin) |
Kufuneka ndithathe eli yeza ixesha elingakanani?
I-ADHD yimeko ehlala ubomi bonke engenakunyangeka. Ke ngoko, unokufuna ukuthatha amayeza okulawula iimpawu zakho. Ukuba ufumana amayeza akusebenzelayo kwaye alawula iimpawu zakho, kunokuba luncedo ukuwasebenzisa ubomi bakho bonke. Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono ukuthetha naye ngale nto.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Amayeza e-ADHD afana neeglasi zamehlo. Anceda ingqondo igxile kwaye igxile kwiingcinga zayo.
- La mayeza alungelelanisa iikhemikhali zobuchopho kwaye alawula ingqalelo, ulawulo lokuziphatha, kunye nomsebenzi.
- Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana amayeza afanelekileyo kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nogqirha wakho kolu hambo.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziqhelekile, kodwa zihlala zikho okwexeshana. Musa ukukhathazeka ngazo, kodwa thetha nogqirha wakho. Unokukunceda uzilawule.
- Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
- Kunye namayeza, unyango lokuziphatha luyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yolawulo lwe-ADHD.
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