Khawuthelekelele ukwintlanganiso ebalulekileyo eofisini, okanye uhleka kwaye uncokola nabahlobo. Ngequbuliso, uziva ubuthongo obunganqandekiyo obukwenza uvale amehlo akho. Oku akukokulala nje kancinci okuza emva kwesidlo sasemini. Nokuba wenza ntoni ngelo xesha, awukwazi ukuyeka ukulala. Ulala imizuzu embalwa. Ngaba ukhe waba nalo mava? Okanye ngaba oku kwenzeke kumntu omaziyo? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale ngxaki yokulala abantu abaninzi abangayaziyo, kodwa enokuba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi babo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-narcolepsy.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-narcolepsy?
I-Narcolepsy sisifo semithambo-luvo esibangelwa kubuthongo. Sibonakaliswa kukulala ngequbuliso, ungalawulekiyo emini. Asisisifo esiqhelekileyo. Kodwa iimpawu zaso zicacile kakhulu. Esi sifo sinokuphazamisana kakhulu nobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, umsebenzi, kunye nobudlelwane nabantu. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba kukho unyango olusebenzayo lwesi sifo . Ngoko ke akukho sizathu sokoyika. Masiqonde oku ngokweenkcukacha.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ze-narcolepsy?
Kukho iimpawu ezine eziphambili ze-narcolepsy. Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu onazo zonke ezine. Abanye abantu banokuba nenye okanye ezimbini kuphela. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi mpawu.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukulala kakhulu emini | Olu luphawu oluphambili lwe-narcolepsy. Kufana "nohlaselo lokulala." Kufika ubuthongo obunganqandekiyo ngequbuliso. |
| Ubuthathaka bemisipha ngequbuliso (iCataplexy) | Xa ufumana iimvakalelo ezinamandla, njengokuhleka kakhulu, ukumangaliswa, okanye ukuba nomsindo, izihlunu zomzimba wakho ziphelelwa ngamandla ngequbuliso. Ngamanye amaxesha intamo yakho iyatyhafa, amadolo akho ayaphela kwaye uya kuwa phantsi. |
| Iingcamango ezingaqhelekanga ezinxulumene nokulala | Ukuva izinto ezibonakala ngathi ziyinyani (ezifana namaphupha) ngelixa ulele okanye uvuka. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinto zinokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. |
| Ukukhubazeka Kokulala | Emva kokuvuka, ungavula amehlo akho kodwa awukwazi ukuthetha okanye ukushukuma imizuzwana okanye imizuzu embalwa. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba "yiphupha elingaqhelekanga." |
Makhe sithethe kancinci nge-cataplexy.
Olu phawu lubizwa ngokuba yi-cataplexy lubaluleke kakhulu kuba i-narcolepsy yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezimbini kuxhomekeke ekubeni ikhona na okanye ayikho.
1. I-Narcolepsy Uhlobo 1: Aba bantu baneempawu ze-cataplexy. Malunga nama-20% ezigulane ze-narcolepsy zilolu hlobo.
2. I-Narcolepsy Uhlobo 2: Aba bantu abanazo iimpawu ze-cataplexy. Uninzi, oko kukuthi, malunga nama-80%, lulolu hlobo.
Ngokwesiqhelo, xa silele, ingakumbi ngexesha lokulala kwe-REM, ingqondo yethu iyeka ukulawula izihlunu zethu okwethutyana. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukwenza oko sikuphuphayo ebomini bokwenyani kunokuba yingozi. I-Cataplexy kuxa sifumana ubuthathaka obufanayo bezihlunu xa sivukile .
Ukuba ayihlali ivutha rhoqo, isenokuvakala ngathi izihlunu zobuso bakho ziyawa, okanye umlomo wakho uvulekile. Kodwa ukuba ivutha ngequbuliso, wonke umzimba wakho unokuba ndindisholo kwaye ungawa phantsi . Oku kunokubangela nokwenzakala. Kodwa ihlala imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Ngeli xesha, awuyi kukwazi ukuthetha okanye ukushukuma.
Into engaqhelekanga kukuba eyona nto ibangela i-cataplexy ziimvakalelo zovuyo ezifana nokuhleka kakhulu okanye ukuqhula. Ngaphandle koko, inokubangelwa ziimvakalelo ezifana nokumangaliswa, uloyiko, nomsindo, kodwa oku akuvamile kangako.
Abantwana banokubonisa iimpawu zoku ngendlela eyahlukileyo kancinci. Basenokutshintsha ubuso babo ngequbuliso, bakhuphe ulwimi lwabo, okanye "bakhulule" izihlunu zabo ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwemvakalelo.
Masifunde nangokuba ne-Sleep Paralysis.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukungakwazi ukuhambisa imizimba yethu ngelixa siphupha. Kodwa olo lawulo kufuneka lubuye xa sivuka. Okwenzekayo kumntu onesifo sokungakwazi ukulala kukuba kuthatha ixesha ukuba olo lawulo lwemisipha lubuye nasemva kokuvuka. Ungavula amehlo akho uphefumle, kodwa awukwazi ukuhambisa umzimba wakho. Abantu abaninzi bafumana imibono ngeli xesha. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungaziva ngathi kukho umntu osegumbini, kukho umntu othethayo, okanye kukho into ekucinezelayo. La ngamava othusayo kakhulu. Kodwa ngethamsanqa, oku kuhlala imizuzu embalwa kuphela.
Ngaba zikhona ezinye iimpawu ze-narcolepsy?
Ewe, ukongeza kwezo mpawu zine ziphambili, ungabona ezinye izinto ezimbalwa.
- Iintshukumo ezizenzekelayo: Amalungu omzimba, njengezandla, ayaqhubeka nokuhamba nokuba ulele. Umzekelo, ungalala ngelixa ubhala, kodwa isandla sakho singaqhubeka nokuhamba ngokungathi ubhala.
- Ukukhumbula: Andikhumbuli ukuba ubusenza ntoni ngaphambi kokuba ulale.
- Ukukhwaza kakhulu ngelixa belele: Xa sele beza kulala, ngequbuliso bathetha igama okanye isivakalisi esingenantsingiselo. Basenokuvuka kwakhona xa beva isandi. Kodwa abanankumbulo yokusithetha.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene emizimbeni yethu?
Ukuze siqonde i-narcolepsy, kufuneka siqale sazi kancinci malunga nokulala kwethu okuqhelekileyo. Ukulala kwethu kunezigaba eziphambili ezininzi.
1. Inqanaba loku-1: Ukulala kancinci. Eli linqanaba elifutshane elivela kwangoko emva kokulala.
2. Inqanaba lesi-2: Ubuthongo obunzulu. Oku kunzulu kancinci. Malunga nama-50% okulala kwethu konke kukweli nqanaba.
3. Inqanaba lesi-3: Ubuthongo obunzulu kakhulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukuvusa umntu okwinqanaba eli. Ukuba uvuka ngeli xesha, uya kuziva ngathi intloko yakho igqunywe yinkungu (Sleep Inertia). Ukuhamba nokuthetha ngamaphupha kwenzeka kweli nqanaba.
4. Ukulala kwe-REM: `REM` imele `iRapid Eye Movement`. Kukweli nqanaba apho siphupha khona.
Xa umntu oqhelekileyo elele, udlula kwizigaba 1, 2, kunye ne-3 ngaphambi kokuba angene ebuthongweni be-'REM'. Lo mjikelo upheleleyo uthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-90. Sigqiba malunga nemijikelo emi-4-5 enjalo ngobusuku.
Kodwa kwenzeka into eyahlukileyo kumntu one-narcolepsy. Bakuba nje belele, baya ngqo ebuthongweni be-REM, mhlawumbi kwimizuzu embalwa. Kwaye ubuthongo babo buyaphazamiseka ubusuku bonke.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, nokuba balala kangakanani ebusuku, baziva belele kakhulu emini. Abakwazi ukunqanda "ukuhlaselwa bubuthongo" obuzayo. Kodwa olo buthongo luhlala ixesha elifutshane, njengemizuzu eli-15-30. Xa bevuka kuloo buthongo, baziva behlaziyekile kakhulu. Kodwa kuba oku kwenzeka amaxesha amaninzi ngemini, i-narcolepsy iba ngumqobo omkhulu ebomini.
Yintoni ebangela i-narcolepsy?
Isizathu soku siyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-narcolepsy, kodwa zonke zidibene ne -hypothalamus, inxalenye yengqondo yethu elawula ukulala kwethu nokuvuka kwethu.
Isizathu se-Type 1 narcolepsy
Uhlobo lweseli yemithambo-luvo kwi-hypothalamus yengqondo yethu luvelisa ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-orexin (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-hypocretin). Le orexin yiyo esinceda sihlale siphaphile emini.
Kubantu abanesifo se-narcolepsy sohlobo loku-1, inkqubo yomzimba yabo yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa ngempazamo iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezenza i-orexin.Kufana nomkhosi wethu uhlasela inkampu yethu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba.
Xa ezi seli zitshatyalalisiwe, inqanaba le-orexin engqondweni liyehla kakhulu. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuhlala uphaphile emini. Kwakhona, ukulala kwe-REM kuyaphela, kwaye iimpawu (ezifana ne-cataplexy) ziyavela nokuba uvukile. Kukwafunyaniswe ukuba le ngxaki yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela inokuqala emva kosulelo oluthile lwentsholongwane, olufana ne-H1N1, okanye emva komphimbo obuhlungu.
Isizathu se-narcolepsy yohlobo lwesibini
Oogqirha abakaqiniseki ngokupheleleyo ukuba yintoni ebangela uhlobo lwesibini lwe-narcolepsy, kodwa bacinga ukuba isenokuba ibangelwa kukonakala kweeseli ze-orexin okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo ye-orexin.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-narcolepsy ayisosifo esosulelayo. Ayidluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.
Ungayibona njani le meko?
Ugqirha unokukukrokrela oku emva kokuva iimpawu zakho. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ezi mpawu zinokubonakala nakwezinye izifo, ezifana ne-sleep apnea okanye i-epilepsy, kuya kufuneka uvavanyo olukhethekileyo oluninzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe oku ngokuqinisekileyo.
Iimvavanyo eziphambili zezi:
- I-Polysomnogram okanye iSifundo sokulala: Oku kuquka ukukugcina esibhedlele ubusuku bonke nokujonga indlela olala ngayo. Iisensors zinamathele entlokweni nasesifubeni sakho ukulinganisa izinto ezifana namaza obuchopho, isantya sentliziyo, ukuphefumla, kunye neentshukumo zomzimba. Abantu abane-narcolepsy baya ebuthongweni be-REM xa belele, ngoko ke olu vavanyo lunokuyifumanisa.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Multiple Sleep Latency (MSLT): Oku kwenziwa ngosuku olulandela uphando lokulala. Emini, unikwa iiyure ezimbini zokulala. Oku kulinganisa ukuba ulala ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kwaye ungena ngokukhawuleza kangakanani ebuthongweni be-'REM'. Abantu abane-narcolepsy badla ngokulala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.
- Ukubethelwa koMgogodla okanye ukuPhontshelwa eLumbar: Oku akwenzelwa wonke umntu. Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli yolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) olujikeleze umgogodla uze uluvavanye ukuze ubone amanqanaba e-orexin. Kwi-narcolepsy yohlobo 1, la manqanaba aphantsi kakhulu.
Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uvavanyo oluya kwenziwa ngokweemfuno zakho.
Ngaba ikho indlela yonyango lwe-narcolepsy?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Nangona i-narcolepsy ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu olunokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho kwaye uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Unyango luquka amayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.
Iintlobo zamachiza asetyenziswayo
- Amayeza okuphaphama:Amayeza afana neModafinil anokunceda ekunciphiseni ukozela emini. La mayeza adla ngokuba ngawokuqala ukuqala.
- Izinto ezivuselela ingqondo: Amayeza afana neMethylphenidate (Ritalin®) nawo avuselela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo kwaye anciphise ukozela.
- Amayeza okudakumba: Amanye amayeza okudakumba (ii-SSRI, ii-SNRI) aluncedo kakhulu ekulawuleni i-cataplexy, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, kunye nokukhubazeka kokulala.
- I-Sodium Oxybate: Eli yeza linceda ukuphucula ubuthongo ebusuku kwaye linciphise ukulala emini kunye ne-cataplexy.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokugqiba ukuba la mayeza afanelekile na kuwe kwaye kufuneka abe njani na. Ungaze uwasebenzise la mayeza ngokweengcebiso zabanye okanye njengoko ubona kufanelekile.
Izinto onokuzenza ukulawula iimpawu
Ukongeza kumayeza, utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela ophila ngayo lunokwenza umahluko omkhulu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba "yimikhwa emihle yokulala" (Sleep Hygiene).
- Hlala ulala ixesha elifanayo: Kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ziqhelisele ukuya kulala nokuvuka ngexesha elifanayo yonke imihla. Zama ukunamathela kule nkqubo nokuba ngeempelaveki.
- Lala kancinci emini: Fumana ukuba uziva ulele nini kwaye ucebe ukulala imizuzu eli-15-20 ngaphambi kwelo xesha. Oku kuya kukunceda uhlale uhlaziyekile imini yonke.
- Ziphephe iicaffeine notywala: Ziphephe ukusela izinto ezifana neti, ikofu, kunye ne-cola, ingakumbi ngokuhlwa nasebusuku. Ukusela utywala kunokuphazamisa ubuthongo bakho ebusuku.
- Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga rhoqo emini kunokukunceda ulale ngcono ebusuku. Kodwa kuphephe ukuzilolonga okunzima xa sele usondele ixesha lokulala.
- Isidlo sangokuhlwa: Kuphephe ukutya ukutya okunzima xa sele kusondele ixesha lokulala ukuze ugcwalise isisu sakho.
Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kukhuseleko!
Ngenxa yokuba umntu one-narcolepsy angalala ngequbuliso, kufuneka alumke kakhulu xa esenza izinto ezithile.
Ukuqhuba: Le yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu. Ungacinga ngomonakalo onokwenzeka ukuba ulala ngequbuliso ngelixa uqhuba. Ngoko ke, ungaze uqhube de ugqirha wakho aqinisekise ukuba imeko yakho ilawulwa kakuhle kwaye kukhuselekile ukuqhuba.
Imisebenzi enxulumene namanzi: "Uhlaselo lokulala" lunokuba yingozi ebomini ukuba luyenzeka ngelixa udada okanye uhamba ngesikhephe. Ngoko ke, soloko unxiba ijakethi yokusindisa ubomi. Musa ukungena emanzini wedwa.
Ukusebenza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, ukusebenzisa oomatshini: Kufuneka ulumke kakhulu xa usenza umsebenzi onobungozi ngolu hlobo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngomsebenzi wakho uze ufumane ingcebiso efunekayo.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unengxaki yokulala emini, ingakumbi ukuba iphazamisana nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha. Ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa nazezinye iimeko zonyango, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufumana unobangela ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba ngequbuliso uyawa okanye ulahlekelwe zingqondo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko, kuba oko kunokuba luphawu lwemeko embi, njengokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Narcolepsy ayibobuvila, yimeko yokwenyani yengqondo.
- Uphawu oluphambili kukuhlaselwa bubuthongo ngequbuliso, okungalawulekiyo okwenzeka emini.
- Iimpawu zingabandakanya ubuthathaka bemisipha ngequbuliso (i-cataplexy) kunye neemvakalelo ezifana nolonwabo nokuhleka, ukungakwazi ukuhambisa umzimba xa uzama ukulala okanye ukuvuka (ukukhubazeka kokulala), kunye nokubona izinto ezingekhoyo.
- Nangona le meko ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, inokulawulwa ngempumelelo kakhulu ngamayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo, nto leyo ekuvumela ukuba uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
- Ukuba unale mpawu, ungoyiki okanye ungabi nantloni, bonana nogqirha ofanelekileyo uze ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo kunye nonyango.
- Soloko ucinga ngokhuseleko. Landela icebiso likagqirha wakho, ingakumbi xa uqhuba kwaye usenza imisebenzi enobungozi.
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