Usenokuba ubungazi ukuba unesifo sentliziyo ukususela ebuntwaneni. Kodwa njengoko ukhula, okanye njengoko ukhula, ngaba uqalise ukuziva udiniwe, uphelelwa ngumphefumlo, okanye ukubetha esifubeni sakho? Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba isifo sentliziyo yinto eza nokwaluphala. Kodwa inyani yile, ezinye izifo zentliziyo zizuzwa njengelifa. Namhlanje, sithetha ngezifo zentliziyo zokuzalwa, ezifunyaniswa okanye zinyangwa xa umdala.
Yintoni iSifo seNtliziyo saBantu Abadala (i-ACHD)?
Ngamafutshane, esi sisiphene kwimilo okanye kwisakhiwo sentliziyo yakho esikhoyo xa uzalwa. Igama elithi “congenital” lithetha “ukususela ekuzalweni.” Ezi ziphene zikhula ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni. Ezi ziphene zinokuchaphazela indlela igazi elihamba ngayo entliziyweni . Sikwabiza ezi “ziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo.”
Ezinye zezi ngxaki zentliziyo zincinci kakhulu. Ezinye zinokuba nzima kakhulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobunzima besiphene, abanye abantu basenokungabi nazimpawu de babe ngabantu abadala. Abanye basenokungabi nazimpawu konke konke ebomini babo. Abanye banganyangelwa oko besebancinci kodwa bavelise iziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide xa sele bebadala.
Kodwa akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka. Ngokuhambela phambili kwezonyango zanamhlanje, iindlela zokuxilonga nokunyanga ezi zifo ziphucuke kakhulu. Enyanisweni, abantu abangaphezu kwama-90% abanyangwa kwezi zifo zentliziyo njengoko abantwana beqhubeka nokuphila ubomi obusempilweni. Nokuba ufunyaniswe unale sifo usengumntwana okanye usemdala, uya kufuna iingcebiso zonyango kunye novavanyo lobomi bonke ukuze ujonge imeko yakho.
Zeziphi iindawo zentliziyo ezinokuchaphazeleka yile nto?
Ezi ziphene zentliziyo zokuzalwa nazo zinokuchaphazela naliphi na icala lentliziyo. Iindawo eziphambili ezinokuchaphazeleka zezi:
- Imithambo yegazi : Imithambo yegazi entliziyweni ithwala igazi emzimbeni wonke ize ilibuyisele entliziyweni. Imithambo yegazi ithwala igazi elineoksijini eninzi ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni. Imithambo yegazi ithwala igazi elingenaoksijini libuyele entliziyweni.
- Amagumbi entliziyo: Ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokujikeleza kwegaziIlawulwa zezi gumbi. Kukho amagumbi amabini aphezulu (i-atria yasekunene neyasekhohlo) kunye namagumbi amabini asezantsi (ii-ventricle zasekunene neyasekhohlo). La magumbi ahlukaniswe ngodonga (i-septum).
- Iivalvu zentliziyo : Ezi valve zine zinceda igazi ukuba lihambe entliziyweni kwicala elinye kuphela. Zifana neengcango ezithintela igazi ukuba lingahambi kwicala elingalunganga.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso esixhaphakileyo kubantu abadala. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.
| Uhlobo lwempazamo | Imizekelo kunye nenkcazo elula |
|---|---|
| Iziphene zemithambo yegazi | Xa imithambo yegazi incipha kwezinye iindawo, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. Ngamanye amaxesha imithambo yegazi inokuphazamiseka, nto leyo evumela igazi elingenaoksijini ukuba lihambe liye emzimbeni kwaye igazi elineoksijini lihambe liye emiphungeni. Imizekelo: Ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi, i-Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), i-Pulmonary artery stenosis . |
| Iziphene zevalvu yentliziyo | Iivalvu zentliziyo zinokuba mxinwa, zingavaleki kakuhle, zivaleke ngokupheleleyo, okanye zingabi nasimilo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba intliziyo ipompe igazi emzimbeni wonke. Imizekelo: Isifo se-aortic valve ye-Bicuspid, i-Ebstein's anomaly, i-Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) . |
| Iziphene zeSeptal (iziphene ezindongeni eziphakathi kwamagumbi entliziyo) | Le “yimingxuma esentliziyweni” esiye seva ngayo sonke. Lo ngumngxuma oseludongeni phakathi kwamagumbi amabini aphezulu (i-atria) okanye amagumbi amabini asezantsi (i-atrium). Oku kuvumela igazi elineoksijini eninzi ukuba lixubane negazi elingenaoksijini. Oku kunciphisa ubungakanani beoksijini egazini ehamba ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni. Imizekelo: I-Atrial septal defect (ASD), i-Patent foramen ovale (PFO), i-Ventricular septal defect (VSD) . |
Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana ezi meko?
Ezi meko zinokuchaphazela nabani na, nokuba ungowasiphi na isini, ubudala, okanye uhlanga. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko zixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini kunamadoda. Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne-'Atrial septal defect (ASD)' kunye ne-'Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)' zixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini. Iimeko ezifana ne-'Aortic coarctation' zixhaphake kakhulu kwamadoda. Kwakhona, abantu abaneemeko zemfuza ezifana ne-'Down syndrome' okanye i-'Turner syndrome' nabo basengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso.
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Amaxesha amaninzi, noogqirha abakwazi ukusho ngqo ukuba kutheni isiphene sentliziyo esifana nesi sisenzeka. Ezinye zazo zinokuzuzwa njengelifa. Oko kukuthi, ngemfuza.
Kwakhona, ezinye iimeko umama ajongene nazo ngexesha lokukhulelwa zinokwandisa le ngozi kumntwana.
- Ukuba umama ufumana usulelo olufana ne -rubella okanye i-influenza kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
- Ukuba umama unesifo seswekile (uhlobo 1 okanye uhlobo 2 lweswekile) .
- Amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa izifo ezifana ne-acne kunye ne-epilepsy angasetyenziswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukuba uthatha amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana ne -ibuprofen emva kweeveki ezingama-30 zokukhulelwa.
Ngaba nawe unazo ezi mpawu?
Iimpawu ze-ACHD ziyahluka kumntu nomntu. Zixhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho, inani leziphene zentliziyo onazo, ubukhali besifo, kunye nohlobo lwesiphene. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu. Ukuba iimpawu ziyenzeka, zingabandakanya:
- Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kweenzipho, imilebe, kunye nolusu (iCyanosis): Oku kwenzeka xa kungekho oxygen yaneleyo egazini elihamba emzimbeni.
- Isiyezi.
- Ukudinwa lula: Ukuziva ngathi uza kuwa phantsi nokuba sele ugqibile umsebenzi okanye uhamba kancinci.
- Ukugquma kwentliziyo: Awunakukuva oku. Esi sandi singaqhelekanga sivakala kuphela xa ugqirha ebeka i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho.
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo: Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo ibetha kakhulu kwaye ikhawuleza.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo (i-Arrhythmia).
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea).
- Ukudumba (ukudumba) kwamaqatha, iinyawo, okanye izandla.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayinguye wonke umntu onezi mpawu onesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso. Kodwa ukuba unazo ezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha uze uthethe ngaso.
Uyifumana njani le nto, Gqirha?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo sentliziyo na. Emva koko uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba aze amamele izandi zentliziyo yakho.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, unokucelwa ukuba wenze olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo zilandelayo:
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray yesifuba.
- I-Echocardiogram (i-echo): Oku kufana nokuskena kwentliziyo. Kungayibona ngokucacileyo imilo yentliziyo, amagumbi, kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo iivalvu.
- I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Oku kuvavanya umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo, oko kukuthi, isingqisho sentliziyo.
- Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lomzimba: I-EKG yenziwa ngelixa uhamba okanye ubaleka kwi-treadmill, ujonge indlela intliziyo yakho esabela ngayo kumthambo.
- I-MRI yentliziyo kunye ne-CT scan yentliziyo: Iiskeni ezivelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo nenemilinganiselo emithathu yentliziyo.
- Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwintliziyo: Oku kusetyenziswa kokubini ekuxilongweni nasekunyangweni. Uvavanyo apho ityhubhu encinci kakhulu (i-catheter) idluliselwa ngemithambo yegazi ethangeni ukuya entliziyweni.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Ezinye iziphene ezincinci kakhulu zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo azidingi naluphi na unyango. Nangona kunjalo, kwanabo bazenzayo, baya kufuna ukuvavanywa rhoqo ngugqirha wentliziyo ukuze babone ukuba imeko iya isiba mandundu na.
Ezinye zifuna unyango. Uhlobo kunye nobunzima bemeko yakho buya kugqiba unyango lwakho.
Amayeza
Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza ahlukeneyo okuphucula ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nokulawula iimpawu. Umzekelo, unokukunika amayeza alawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, alawule isantya sentliziyo, okanye asuse ulwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni (i-diuretics).
Izixhobo zentliziyo ezifakelweyo
- I-Pacemaker: Esi sixhobo sifakwe phantsi kwesikhumba ukulawula isantya sentliziyo, ingakumbi ukuba isantya sentliziyo sicotha.
- I-ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator): Isixhobo esibona ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga okusongela ubomi kwaye sinike umothuko wombane ukuze kulungiswe.
Indlela yokulungisa iCatheter yentliziyo
Le yindlela elula kuneyotyando. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kufakwa umbhobho omncinci entliziyweni kwaye usetyenziselwa ukuvala imingxunya entliziyweni (njenge-ASD). Ikwasetyenziselwa ukwandisa imithambo yegazi okanye iivalvu ezinciphileyo.
Utyando
Ezinye iziphene zifuna utyando ukuze zilungiswe. Iivalvu zentliziyo zinokulungiswa okanye zitshintshwe, okanye iziphene ezinzima ngakumbi zingalungiswa ngotyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo okanye utyando olungenamsebenzi kangako.
Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo
Oku akwenzeki rhoqo. Ukufakelwa intliziyo yindlela yokugqibela kubantu abanesifo sentliziyo esiyingozi kakhulu nesingenakunyangwa ngolunye unyango.
Ufanele uzinyamekele njani?
Xa uhlala ne-ACHD, kufuneka ukhathalele impilo yakho.
- Yamkela indlela yokuphila enempilo: Yitya ukutya okunesondlo, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho kwaye wenze umthambo ofanelekileyo kuwe, kwaye uphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya notywala.
- Xelela bonke oogqirha bakho: Nokuba uya kugqirha wamazinyo okanye nawuphi na omnye ugqirha, qiniseka ukuba ubaxelela ukuba une-ACHD.
- Bona ugqirha wentliziyo rhoqo: Nokuba awunazo iimpawu, yiya kuvavanyo njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
- Lumka amazinyo akho: Gcina amazinyo akho ecocekile. Ukuba iintsini zakho zisulelekile, iintsholongwane zinokuhamba ngegazi lakho zize zichaphazele intliziyo yakho (endocarditis).
- Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe: Ukuba ungumfazi okhulelweyo, kubalulekile ukuba uxoxe ngayo nogqirha wakho wentliziyo kwaye ufumane ingcebiso ngaphambi kokuba uzame ukukhulelwa.
Kunini apho kufuneka ngequbuliso ubonane nogqirha?
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, ezinokuba ziimpawu zokusilela kwentliziyo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa .
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla.
- Ukudumba esiswini okanye emilenzeni engezantsi.
- Ukudinwa okugqithisileyo nokungaqhelekanga ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
Kwakhona, ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye uvakalelwa kukuba iimpawu zakho ezikhoyo ziya zisiba mandundu, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa kwabantu abadala (ACHD) sisiphene esibakho entliziyweni yakho xa uzalwa.
- Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu de babe ngabantu abadala.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukudinwa ngokubanzi, ukuqina kwesifuba, kunye nolusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo.
- Ngenxa yonyango lwanamhlanje (amayeza, utyando, iindlela ze-catheter), abantu abaninzi banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobusebenzayo.
- Ukuba unale meko, nokuba awunazo iimpawu, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale phantsi kweliso likagqirha wentliziyo ubomi bakho bonke.
Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso, isifo sentliziyo, i-ACHD, isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso sabantu abadala i-sinhala, umngxuma entliziyweni, ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, utyando lwentliziyo, iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo
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