Mhlawumbi ukhe weva 'ngesifo sobuchopho' okanye i-meningitis. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba i-fungus inokubangela esi sifo siyingozi? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesimo esibi, kodwa esingaziwayo. Sibizwa ngokuba yi-Cryptococcal Meningitis. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku, ingakumbi ukuba une -immune system ebuthathaka.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iCryptococcal Meningitis?
Kulungile, masiqale ekuqaleni. I-Cryptococcus luhlobo lwemvubelo, oluluhlobo lwe-fungus. Olu hlobo lwe-fungus aludli ngokubangela ingozi enkulu kumntu osempilweni kwaye one-immune system elungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-immune system yomntu ibuthathaka, olu hlobo lwe-fungus lunethuba elihle.
Le fungus iyayithanda inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo, ingakumbi ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Ke ngoko, olu sulelo luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ii-membranes ezikhuselayo ezijikeleze ubuchopho bethu. Ngokwezonyango sizibiza ngokuba yi-'meninges'. Ngoko ke, xa ezi membrane zisuleleka kwaye zidumba, siyibiza ngokuba yi-meningitis okanye 'umkhuhlane wobuchopho'. Xa le meko ibangelwa yi-Cryptococcus fungus, siyibiza ngokuba yi -cryptococcal meningitis .
Esi sifo sibangelwa kukunyuka ngequbuliso koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Olu xinzelelo luphezulu lungonakalisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho. Akupheleli apho, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha amehlo neendlebe zingonakalisa. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zefungi ezibangela esi sifo. Ziyi-'Cryptococcus neoformans' kunye ne-'Cryptococcus gattii'. Kuzo, uhlobo lokuqala lolona luxhaphakileyo.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana esi sifo?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, le fungus ifuna amathuba. Oku kuthetha ukuba ilinda de kubekho ubuthathaka bokuzikhusela komzimba, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ize emva koko ihlasele.
Okubalulekileyo kukuba, malunga ne-85% yezigulane ze-cryptococcal meningitis zine-HIV , ngoko ke le yinto abantu abaphila ne-HIV abafanele bayixhalabele ngakumbi.
Ukongeza kwi-HIV, kukho nezinye iimeko ezininzi ezenza amajoni omzimba abe buthathaka. Ukuba unenye yezi meko, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ezi mpawu.
- Abantu abanezifo ezinxulumene negazi (Izifo zegazi)
- Abantu abaneengxaki zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba, ezifana nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi
- Izintso, isibindi, njl.Abantu abaye bafakelwa amalungu omzimba kwaye basebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa umzimba
- Abantu abanezinye izifo ze-immunodeficiency syndromes
- Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa umzimba anjengee-steroids ixesha elide
Le fungus ingena njani emizimbeni yethu?
Le fungus yeCryptococcus isasazeka kwindawo esingqongileyo njengee-spores. Zixhaphake kakhulu emhlabeni, kwi- liquid yeentaka (ingakumbi kwi-hovehove droppings), nakwimithi ebolayo.
Ngoko ke, xa siphefumla, ezi spores zingangena emiphungeni yethu . Kodwa ungakhathazeki, azisasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.
Xa ezi spores zingena emzimbeni womntu onenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba elungileyo, iiseli ezikhuselayo emiphungeni (ii-alveolar macrophages) ziyazitshabalalisa. Nangona kunjalo, kwenzeka into eyahlukileyo emzimbeni womntu onenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba ebuthathaka.
Kalula nje, nantsi into eyenzekayo:
1. Iintsholongwane zefungus zingena emiphungeni ngokuphefumla.
2. Ngenxa yobuthathaka bokuzikhusela komzimba, iiseli ezikhuselayo emiphungeni azikwazi ukuzitshabalalisa ezi zinto.
3. Ukusuka apho, ifungus iya kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes, apho yahlukana khona ngokukhawuleza kwaye ivelise iiseli ezininzi zefungus.
4. Emva koko, ezi seli zefungus zihamba ngegazi zize zifikelele kwingqondo nakwi-spinal cord.
5. Apho, ezi seli ziqala ukukhula kwiinwebu ezijikeleze ingqondo. Kancinci kancinci, iimpawu ziyavela.
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Iimpawu ze-cryptococcal meningitis zihlala zikhula kancinci. Usenokungawuboni umahluko omkhulu kwangoko. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi mpawu.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Intloko ebuhlungu | Intloko ebuhlungu rhoqo, engapheliyo engaphenduliyo kwiyeza eliqhelekileyo lokubulala iintlungu. |
| Ifiva | Umkhuhlane omncinci ohamba nobuthathaka. |
| Ukulala kakhulu kunye nokudakumba | Ndiziva ndisozela ngalo lonke ixesha, ndingafuni kwenza nto. |
| Intamo eqinileyo | Ubunzima bokugoba intamo phambili, uzive uqinile. |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwesisu. |
| Iingxaki zamehlo | Ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya (Photophobia), ukubona kabini (Diplopia), kunye nokuncipha kokubona. |
| Ukulahlekelwa kukuva | Ukulahlekelwa kukuva ezindlebeni. |
| Ukuxhuzula | Ukuxhuzula kwenzeka xa isifo sisiya sisanda. |
Khumbula, umntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka kakhulu, njengomntu one-HIV , usenokungabonakalisi ezi mpawu ekuqaleni. Ke ngoko, ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo kunokulibaziseka. Oku kulibaziseka kunika ifungus ithuba lokukhula kakuhle ngaphakathi kwengqondo kwaye kuyenze ibe mandundu imeko.
Indlela yokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo isifo?
Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu kwaye ungomnye wamaqela asemngciphekweni akhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza . Kubaluleke kakhulu oku.
Ugqirha wakho uza kukuhlola aze akucingele ukuba une-meningitis. Ukuba usemngciphekweni, baza kuqwalasela nokuba kungenzeka ukuba une-cryptococcal meningitis.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ugqirha wakho unokwenza i-lumbar puncture.Ibizwa ngokuba yi-spinal tap. Ungakhathazeki, oku akoyikisi njengoko abantu abaninzi becinga. Kubandakanya ukufaka inaliti encinci kakhulu emqolo wakho ongezantsi uze uthathe isampuli encinci yolwelo olujikeleze ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo wakho (i-Cerebrospinal Fluid - CSF). Olu lwelo lolona londla kwaye lufumise inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ephakathi.
Le sampulu ye-CSF emva koko ivavanywa kwilebhu ukuze kubonwe ukuba ikho na i-Cryptococcus fungus.
Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe ingqondo nge-CT okanye nge-MRI .
Ingaba esi sifo siyingozi ngokwenene?
Ewe, esi sisifo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ubomi. Ukuba asinyangwa, sinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu engqondweni. Omnye umonakalo usenokungalungiseki.
Ukuba ayinyangwa, ukuxhuzula, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, ukuba yi-coma, kwanokufa kunokwenzeka.
Nangona kukho unyango olungcono kakhulu emhlabeni, izinga lokufa kwesi sifo liphakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-30% . Oko kufanele kukunike umbono wobunzulu besi sifo.
Iphathwa njani?
Oku kunyangwa ngamayeza okubola. Nangona kunjalo, olu nyango alupheli ngosuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Kungathatha iinyanga ukuba luphiliswe ngokupheleleyo.
Kukho iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili zonyango:
1. Ukulawula imeko yezonyango esisiseko: Umzekelo, ukuba unentsholongwane kaGawulayo, kubalulekile ukufumana unyango olufanelekileyo (unyango lwe-antiretroviral) kunye nokubuyisela amandla omzimba okuzikhusela.
2. Unyango lwezifo ezibangelwa yifungus: Amayeza afana neAmphotericin B, iFluconazole, iFlucytosine, kunye neItraconazole asetyenziselwa oku.
Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ngexesha lokuqala konyango. Impumelelo yonyango ixhomekeke ekubeni isifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba kangakanani kwaye imeko yakho iyintoni na.
Ngoko ke, ukuba usemngciphekweni wokufumana esi sifo, soloko uqaphela iimpawu zokuqala. Ukuba unamathandabuzo amancinci, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha . Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nonyango olukhawulezileyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusindisa ubomi bakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Cryptococcal meningitis lusulelo olukhulu lwefungus oluchaphazela ingqondo.
- Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV, abo bafumene izitho zomzimba, kunye nabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka ngenxa yezinye izizathu.
- Iimpawu eziphambili ziintloko ezibuhlungu rhoqo, umkhuhlane ophantsi, intamo eqinileyo, kunye nokulala kakhulu. Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka banokubonisa iimpawu ezimbalwa kwezi ekuqaleni.
- Esi sifo asidluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Usulelo lwenzeka ngokuphefumla iintsholongwane zefungus kwindawo esingqongileyo.
- Ukuba ukwiqela elisengozini kwaye uneempawu ezingentla, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko . Ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nonyango kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Unyango lungathatha iinyanga, kwaye le yimeko enzima enokuba yingozi ebomini.
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