Ngaba nawe unomhlaza we-adrenal? Masifunde ngawo.

Usenokuba ukhe weva amagama athi 'umhlaza we-adrenal', okanye mhlawumbi le yinto entsha kuwe. Nangona kunjalo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva usoyika kwaye unomdla xa usiva eli gama. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda. Kuba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nolwazi olufanelekileyo ngezinto ezinje.

Yintoni kanye kanye umhlaza we-adrenal?

Ngamafutshane, sinezintso ezimbini emzimbeni wethu, akunjalo? Ngaphezulu kwezo zintso zimbini, kukho amadlala amabini, njengeminqwazi emibini emincinci. La ngamadlala esiwabiza ngokuba yi-adrenal glands . Nangona emancinci ngobukhulu, enza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Oko kukuthi, avelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeehomoni ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwemizimba yethu. La ma-hormone alawula izinto ezininzi emzimbeni wethu, umzekelo, imetabolism kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ngoku, yintoni umhlaza? Iiseli emzimbeni wethu ziyahlukana, zikhule, kwaye ekugqibeleni ziyafa. Yinkqubo eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, utshintsho oluthile, okanye utshintsho, luyenzeka kwiiseli kwezi glands ze-adrenal, kwaye ezo seli ziqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo. Ezi seli zikhula ngokungaqhelekanga ziyahlangana ukuze zenze i-tumor . Ukuba le tumor iba yingozi, yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba 'ngumhlaza we-adrenal'. Lo mhlaza unokuvela kwi-adrenal gland enye kuphela, okanye unokuvela kuzo zombini ii-glands.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zomhlaza we-adrenal?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zomhlaza we-adrenal gland, kuxhomekeke ekubeni uvela phi. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

1. I-Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC): Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza we-adrenal. Lukhula kumaleko wangaphandle we-adrenal gland, ebizwa ngokuba yi-cortex . Le cortex ivelisa ii-steroid hormones ezilawula izinto ezifana ne-metabolism, uxinzelelo lwegazi, imo yomzimba, kunye nokukhula kweenwele.

2. I-Neuroblastoma: Olu hlobo lomhlaza lukhula kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo. Ngoko ke zinokukhula kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nesithathu sazo sikhula kwinxalenye engaphakathi ye-adrenal gland, ebizwa ngokuba yi-medulla . I-medulla ivelisa iikhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba yi-epinephrine kunye ne-norepinephrine. Ezi zinceda ukulawula inkqubo yemithambo-luvo esebenzisana ne-sympathetic, elawula izinto ezifana nokubila, ukubetha kwentliziyo, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Olu hlobo lomhlaza luxhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana nakubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10 ubudala.

3. I-Pheochromocytoma: Lo mhlaza uqala embindini we-medulla, kwiiseli ezivelisa i-adrenaline. I-Adrenaline yi-hormone enceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesantya sentliziyo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le ntsholongwane ye-adrenal?

Umhlaza we-adrenal gland ngokwenene yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu . Umzekelo, kwilizwe elifana ne-United States, ngabantu abamalunga namakhulu amabini kuphela abafunyaniswa benale sifo minyaka le. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika kakhulu xa usiva ngaso.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubakho zomhlaza we-adrenal?

Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Umhlaza we-adrenal awuchaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu banokuva iintlungu njengoko ithumba likhula kwaye licinezela amalungu akufutshane. Kwabanye, ithumba linokuvelisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yeehomoni ezivelisayo.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhele ukubonwa:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Umqolo obuhlungu
• Ukuziva ugcwele esiswini sakho
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, iintlungu
• Ubuthathaka emzimbeni
• Intloko ebuhlungu

Kukwakho neempawu ezithile ezibangelwa kukutshintsha kweehomoni. Umzekelo:

• Ukukhula kweenwele okungafunekiyo ebusweni okanye emzimbeni (i-hirsutism)
• Ukuqala ngequbuliso kwesifo seswekile okanye amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini
• Igazi elonyukayo
• Amanqanaba aphantsi e-potassium egazini (i-hypokalemia)
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo
• Ukutyeba okungachazekiyo
• Ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo (Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo)
• Amabele amakhulu (kubasetyhini nakumadoda)
• Ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kwezitho zangasese (ipenisi kubafana okanye i-clitoris kumantombazana) kubantwana
• I-libido ephantsi
• Ukuxhalaba rhoqo
• Uhlaselo loloyiko

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, ii-adrenal tumors ngamanye amaxesha azinakubangeli zimpawu , kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-scan ngenxa yesinye isizathu.

Iimpawu zomhlaza we-adrenal we-Metastatic

Ukuba umhlaza usasazeka ngaphaya kwamadlala e-adrenal, oko kukuthi, uye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (i-metastatic), iimpawu zinokuba nzima ngakumbi. Iimpawu zomhlaza wesigaba sesi-4 ziquka:

• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukudumba
• Ukudinwa
• Ifiva
• Ukudideka
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya

Yintoni ebangela umhlaza we-adrenal?

Enyanisweni, oogqirha abakayazi eyona nto ibangela umhlaza we-adrenal gland kwiimeko ezininzi. Siyazi ukuba utshintsho (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) kwi -DNA kwiiseli zethu lunokubangela ukuba iiseli ziziphathe ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zibe ngumhlaza. Kodwa into engacacanga kukuba kutheni olu tshintsho lwe-DNA lwenzeka.

Abanye abantu bazuza i-gene mutation kubazali babo enokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nale mihlaza. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuchatshazelwa zizinto ezibangela umhlaza nako kunokuba yimbangela. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, olu tshintsho lwe-DNA lubonakala lusenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umhlaza we-adrenal?

Into enobungozi yinto eyonyusa amathuba okuba nesifo. Ayithethi ukuba uza kuba nesifo ngokuqinisekileyo. Kodwa inokukuxelela ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi kwindalo ezinokuthi zichaphazele umhlaza we-adrenal ziquka:

• Ukutshaya
• Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezithile, umzekelo i-asbestos kunye ne-radon .
• Ekubeni sele ndifumene unyango lwe-radiation esiswini (apho kukho khona ii-adrenal glands).

Nangona uninzi lwee-tumor ze-adrenal zenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, malunga ne-15% yabantu abafumana ii-tumor ze-adrenal banesifo se-genetic . Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni. Ezinye izifo ze-genetic ezinokunxulunyaniswa nomhlaza we-adrenal gland ziquka:

• isifo sikaBeckwith-Wiedemann
• Isifo sikaVon Hippel-Lindau
• Isifo seLi-Fraumeni
• I-Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1
• I-neoplasia ye-endocrine emininzi (MEN)
• Indawo kaCarney
• Isifo seLynch

Oku kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, akunjalo? Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga nolu hlobo lwemeko, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha.

Ufumanisa njani ukuba unomhlaza we-adrenal?

Ugqirha wakho unokurhanela ukuba unomhlaza we-adrenal gland ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho (umzekelo, ukukhula kweenwele okungaqhelekanga, utshintsho lobunzima ngesiquphe). Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, la mathumba afunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha le -CT scan (i-computed tomography scan) okanye i-MRI scan (i-magnetic resonance imaging) eyenziwe ngesinye isizathu.

Xa usiya kugqirha, uya kwenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Yenza uvavanyo lomzimba.
• Imbali yakho yezonyango iya kuhlolwa.
• Ndibuza ngeempawu zakho.
• Baza kujonga ukuba unayo na nayiphi na into ebangela umhlaza we-adrenal.
• Buza ngembali yosapho lwakho yomhlaza.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezinceda ekuxilongeni umhlaza we-adrenal?

Emva kovavanyo lomzimba, ugqirha angenza ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi, nokuba kukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okanye ukuthintela ezinye iimeko zempilo. Ezi vavanyo ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi:Ezi zinokusetyenziselwa ukujonga amanqanaba eehomoni kunye nezinye izalathisi.
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo: Umchamo unokuvavanywa ukuze kubonwe iihomoni nezinye izinto.
• Uvavanyo lokufota: Uvavanyo olufana ne-CT scans, i-MRI scans, kunye ne-PET scans lunokunika umfanekiso ocacileyo wobukhulu, indawo, kunye nokusasazeka kwethumba. Ngamanye amaxesha i -biopsy , equka ukususa iqhekeza elincinci lethumba ukuze livavanywe, inokwenziwa, kodwa oku akwenziwa rhoqo kumhlaza we-adrenal.

Ukuxilongwa komhlaza we-adrenal

Oogqirha basebenzisa inkqubo yokulinganisa umhlaza ukuze bafumanise umhlaza we-adrenal. Oku kuquka ubungakanani bethumba, indawo elikuyo, kunye nokuba lisasazeke na (lisasazeke) kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ngamafutshane, okukhona inani liphezulu, kokukhona umhlaza usasazeka kakhulu:

• Inqanaba loku-1: Ithumba lingaphezulu kweesentimitha ezi-5 okanye ngaphantsi kwaye alikasasazeki ngaphaya kwe-adrenal gland.
• Inqanaba lesi-2: Ithumba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-5, kodwa alikasasazeki ngaphaya kwe-adrenal gland.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Umhlaza ukwi-adrenal gland kwaye usasazeke kwizicwili ezingqongileyo okanye kwii-lymph nodes ezikufutshane.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: Umhlaza ukwi-adrenal gland kwaye usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude ezifana nemiphunga nesibindi.

Ezi zigaba zinokuba nzima kancinci. Ukuba unemibuzo ethile malunga nokuxilongwa kwakho, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.

Ngaba umhlaza we-adrenal unganyangeka?

Le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi. Ukuba umhlaza uphelela kwi-adrenal gland kwaye awusasazekanga kwamanye amalungu omzimba, kukho ithuba lonyango. Ukususwa kwe -adrenal gland ngotyando lolona nyango luphambili lokunyanga ngeli xesha.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwe-adrenal gland, amathuba okuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo ayancitshiswa. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokulawula ukukhula kwethumba kwaye luphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza we-adrenal?

Unyango lomhlaza we-adrenal luxhomekeke kubukhulu bethumba, indawo elikuyo, nokuba lisasazeke ngaphaya kwe-adrenal gland. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezinokwenzeka:

• Utyando:

Ukuba ithumba likwi-adrenal gland kuphela, okanye lisasazeke kwizicubu ezikufutshane okanye kwii-lymph nodes, ugqirha wakho usenokucebisa utyando. Ugqirha uza kususa yonke i-adrenal gland (i-adrenalectomy) kunye nazo naziphi na iindawo ezikufutshane ezinezifo.

Ukuba umhlaza ukwi-adrenal gland enye kuphela, enye i-adrenal gland iya kusebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho nto ifunekayo ukuba yenziwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba zombini ii-adrenal glands zisusiwe, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okutshintsha ii-hormones eziveliswa zezo glands ubomi bakho bonke.

Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation therapy lunokucetyiswa emva kotyando ukuze kutshatyalaliswe naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo kwaye kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wokuphinda umhlaza.

Nokuba umhlaza sele usasazekile, kukho amaxesha apho kucetyiswa utyando lokususa ithumba elininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'debulking surgery' .

• Unyango ngemitha:

Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa imisebe ye-X-ray enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Unyango lwemitha ludla ngokusetyenziswa kancinci njengonyango lokuqala lomhlaza we-adrenal. Lungasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubuya komhlaza emva kotyando. Lungasetyenziselwa nokunciphisa iimpawu apho umhlaza usasazeke khona. Oogqirha banokunika unyango lwemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy okanye amanye amayeza.

• Unyango ngamakhemikhali:

I-Chemotherapy kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. La mayeza anokunikwa njengeepilisi okanye ngemithambo. I-Chemotherapy idla ngokusetyenziswa ukunyanga umhlaza we-adrenal osasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Ingasetyenziselwa nokubulala iiseli zomhlaza ezisele emva kotyando.

I-Mitotane liyeza le-chemotherapy elisetyenziswa kakhulu ukunyanga umhlaza we-adrenal gland.

• Amanye amayeza:

Oogqirha basebenzisa nezinye iindlela zonyango ukunyanga ii-tumor ze-adrenal gland. Amanye amayeza, anjenge -metyrapone, anokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwee-hormone ze-adrenal steroid. Amanye amayeza, anjenge -spironolactone kunye ne -mifepristone, athintela imiphumo yee-hormone eziveliswa yi-tumor.

Nangona la mayeza enokuthi anciphise iimpawu zakho, awanciphisi okanye atshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza.

Ngubani onyanga umhlaza we-adrenal?

Ukuba unomhlaza we-adrenal, iqela lakho lezonyango linokubandakanya iingcali ezininzi, kuquka:

• Iingcali zomhlaza - malunga notyando, imitha, kunye nonyango lwamayeza.
• Iingcali ze-Endocrinologists - kwiingxaki ezinxulumene nama-hormone.

Ngaba umhlaza we-adrenal usasazeka ngokukhawuleza?

Oku kuya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwethumba onalo:

• I-Adrenocortical carcinoma, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo, luhlala lukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza.
• Ezinye iintlobo ze-neuroblastomas zikhula kancinci, ngelixa ezinye zikhula ngokukhawuleza.
• Uninzi lwee-pheochromocytomas ezinomhlaza zikhula kancinci.

Umhlaza we-adrenal awuchaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokuba ithumba lakho likhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.

Ungakanani umhlaza we-adrenal gland oyingozi?

Ngokubanzi, umhlaza we-adrenal gland kunzima ukuwunyanga. Uqikelelo lomhlaza luxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo ithumba, ubungakanani balo, nokuba sele lisasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ngaba ungasinda kwi-adrenal tumor? Amanqanaba okusinda komhlaza we-adrenal

Ewe, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile kwi-adrenal tumor. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi.

Xa kufikwa kumanqanaba okusinda, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kumhlaza we-adrenal okwinqanaba lokuqala liphakathi kwama-50% nama-60% . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kuma-60% abantu abanesifo basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu bexilongiwe. Nangona kunjalo, xa umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba, eli zinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liyehla liye kwi-10% ukuya kwi-20%.

Kodwa khumbula oku: Amanani okusinda ziinkcukacha-manani nje. Azikuxeleli ngokuthe ngqo ukuba uza kuphila ixesha elingakanani okanye ukuba unyango oluthile luza kuphumelela kangakanani kuwe. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane indlela ezi zibalo ezisebenza ngayo kwimeko yakho.

Ngaba umhlaza we-adrenal ungathintelwa?

Akukho ndlela iqinisekisiweyo yokuthintela umhlaza we-adrenal gland, kodwa ukuphepha izinto ezinobungozi kwindalo, ezinje ngokutshaya, kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokubanzi.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Iimpawu zomhlaza we-adrenal azisoloko zibonakala lula. Nangona kunjalo, bonana nogqirha ukuba ufumana nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• Intlungu zesisu
• Isifo seswekile esiqala ngequbuliso
• Ukwehla kobunzima okanye ukutyeba okungachazekiyo
• Ukukhula kweenwele ngokugqithisileyo
• Utshintsho kwizitho zakho zangasese

Ukuba ilungu losapho elisondeleyo (umzali okanye umntakwenu) liye laba nomhlaza we-adrenal, kukwangcono ukuthetha nogqirha malunga nomngcipheko wakho.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo ufunyaniswe enomhlaza we-adrenal, kunokuba luncedo ukuzibuza le mibuzo:

• Iphi ithumba? (Iphi ithumba?)
• Ingakanani ithumba?
• Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphandle kwe-adrenal gland yam?
• Ngaba ndifuna uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinokukhetha kuzo?
• Ngaba ndiza kukwazi ukusebenza okanye ukuya esikolweni ngexesha lonyango?
• Ndiza kuqala nini unyango?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndithomalalise iimpawu zam?
• Zithini amathuba okuba umhlaza we-adrenal uphinde ubuye?

Kuqhelekile ukuba neemvakalelo ezininzi ezixubeneyo xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza we-adrenal. Ugqirha wakho ukhona ukukunceda. Ukongeza ekuthetheni ngeendlela zonyango, angakuxelela nangemithombo yolwazi kunye nenkxaso. Usenokukwazi ukuthetha nabanye abadlula kumava afanayo ngamaqela enkxaso, nokuba kukwindawo okuyo okanye kwi-intanethi. Oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwimpilo-ntle yakho yengqondo, yeemvakalelo, neyokomoya ngeli xesha linzima.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, masiphinde sichaze ezinye zezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo koko sithethe ngako.

• Umhlaza we-adrenal sisifo esingaqhelekanga .
• Iimpawu ziyahluka, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zisenokungabikho kwaphela iimpawu. Ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.
• Isizathu asisoloko sicacile, kodwa izinto zemfuza kunye neemeko ezingqongileyo zinokudlala indima.
• Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba kunye nohlobo lomhlaza.
• Ukubhaqwa kwangoko kwandisa amathuba okuchacha.
• Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unemibuzo malunga noku, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha. Ulwazi oluchanekileyo kunye nenkxaso zibaluleke kakhulu.

Khumbula, awuwedwa. Isayensi yezonyango ihambele phambili, kwaye baninzi abantu abanokukunceda.

Umhlaza we - adrenal, amadlala e-adrenal, iihomoni, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, izintso, amanqanaba omhlaza