Ngaba uyazi ngale ngelosi incinci emzimbeni wakho? (I-Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - ACTH)

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni wakho xa uxinezelekile okanye uziva uxinezelekile kakhulu? Umzimba wethu unomhlobo omncinci esingamboniyo osinceda ngamaxesha anje. Ubizwa ngokuba yi-ACTH. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale ACTH.

Yintoni i-ACTH?

Ngamafutshane, i-ACTH yihomoni eveliswa yi-pituitary gland yakho. Idlala indima enkulu kwindlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kuxinzelelo . Xa i-ACTH ikhutshwa, inika imiqondiso kumadlala akho e-adrenal ukuba avelise i-cortisol, esiyazi sonke njenge- "stress hormone," kunye neqela leehomoni zesini ezibizwa ngokuba yi-androgens.

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza ukuba zeziphi ezi hormone, akunjalo? Iihormone ziikhemikhali ezilawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo emzimbeni wakho. Zifana nabathunywa. Ezi miyalezo zihamba ngegazi lakho ziye kwizitho zakho zomzimba, ulusu, izihlunu, kunye nezinye izicwili. Ezi zimpawu zixelela umzimba wakho into omawuyenze kunye nexesha omawuyenze ngalo.

I-pituitary gland yakho yi-gland encinci, enobukhulu be-pea efumaneka ezantsi kwengqondo yakho, ngaphantsi nje kwe-hypothalamus. Iyinxalenye yenkqubo yakho ye-endocrine. I-pituitary gland inamacandelo amabini: i-anterior lobe kunye ne-posterior lobe. I-anterior pituitary gland yakho yiyo eyenza kwaye ikhuphe i-ACTH.

Kwenzeka ntoni nge-ACTH?

Umsebenzi ophambili we-ACTH kukuvuselela amadlala akho e-adrenal ukuba akhuphe i-hormone ye-cortisol. Cinga ngayo njengokuba i-ACTH ifana negosa elikhokelayo elixelela amadlala akho e-adrenal ukuba enze i-cortisol.

I-Cortisol yi-hormone ebaluleke kakhulu efunekayo emizimbeni yethu. Ichaphazela phantse zonke izitho zomzimba kunye nezicubu zomzimba. I-Cortisol yaziwa ngokuba yi- "stress hormone," kodwa eneneni ineminye imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu.

Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo malunga ne-cortisol:

• Ulawula indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kuxinzelelo .
• Inceda ekulawuleni indlela umzimba wakho osebenzisa ngayo amafutha, iiproteni kunye neecarbohydrate, oko kukuthi, imetabolism yakho.
• Ukudumba , okuthetha ukudumba kunye nokubomvu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, kuyancitshiswa.
• Ilawula uxinzelelo lwegazi .
• Ilawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini .
• Ikwanceda ekulawuleni umjikelo wakho wokulala nokuvuka .

Ayipheleli nje koku, i-ACTH yenza enye into. Oko kukuthi, ivuselela amadlala e-adrenal ukuba akhuphe iihomoni zesini ezibizwa ngokuba zii-androgens. Ukongeza, i-ACTH inceda ekwenzeni iikhemikhali ezivuselela ukuveliswa kweehomoni ezininzi, ezifana ne-adrenaline kunye ne-noradrenaline.

Alawulwa njani amanqanaba e-ACTH?

Amanqanaba e-ACTH emzimbeni wakho alawulwa yinkqubo enomdla kakhulu. Ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokuphendula. Ibandakanya i-hypothalamus yakho, i-pituitary gland, ii-adrenal glands, kunye nezinye iihomoni. Lonke eli nkqubo silibiza ngokuba yi-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis . Ivakala inzima kancinci, akunjalo? Kodwa kulula.

Khawuthelekelele ukuba i-pituitary gland yakho iqhagamshelwe kwi-hypothalamus yakho ngesiqu esincinci semithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo-luvo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-pituitary stalk. Kungesi siqu apho i-hypothalamus ithetha ne-pituitary gland ize iyixelele ukuba ikhuphe iihomoni ezithile. I-hypothalamus yakho yinxalenye yengqondo yakho elawula izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi, isantya sentliziyo, ubushushu bomzimba, kunye nokugaya ukutya.

Iindlala ze-adrenal ziindlala ezimbini ezincinci, ezingoonxantathu ezikwindawo engaphezulu kwezintso zakho.

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba le nkqubo yempendulo elawula amanqanaba e-ACTH isebenza njani:

• Xa amanqanaba e-cortisol emzimbeni wakho ehla, i-hypothalamus yakho ikhupha i -hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) .
• Le CRH ivuselela i-anterior pituitary lobe yakho ukuze ikhuphe i-ACTH.
• Emva koko i-ACTH ivuselela amadlala akho e-adrenal, ingakumbi i-adrenal cortex, ukuze ikhuphe i-cortisol kunye ne-androgens.
• Xa amanqanaba e-cortisol enyuka ngolu hlobo, ithumela isignali kwi-hypothalamus ukuze ihlise amanqanaba e-CRH. Kwaye yileyo ndlela umjikelo ogqitywa ngayo. Kufana 'nokutshintsha okuvalayo' .

Akupheleli apho, xa uxinezelekile , oko kukuthi, uxinezelekile engqondweni, ukuveliswa kwe-ACTH kuyakhuthazwa kwaye amanqanaba e-cortisol ayanda.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-hypothalamus yakho, i-pituitary gland, okanye i-adrenal glands, ibhalansi yeehomoni ezibandakanyekayo kule nkqubo, oko kukuthi i-ACTH, inokuphazamiseka.

Ungawajonga njani amanqanaba e-ACTH?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa ukujonga amanqanaba akho e-ACTH. Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yegazi elivela kumthambo osengalweni yakho.

Oogqirha badla ngokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-cortisol kunye novavanyo lwe-ACTH ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iingxaki kwi-pituitary gland okanye kwi-adrenal glands.

Kwakhona, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha banokwenza into ebizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lokukhuthaza i-ACTH . Olu vavanyo luvavanya indlela amadlala akho e-adrenal asabela ngayo kwi-ACTH. Oku kunokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki ze-pituitary kunye/okanye i-adrenal glands.

Ithini inqanaba eliqhelekileyo le-ACTH?

Njenge-cortisol, inqanaba le-ACTH egazini lakho lidla ngokuba phezulu kusasa. Liyancipha kancinci kancinci njengoko imini iqhubeka, lifikelela kwinqanaba lalo eliphantsi malunga nobusuku. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usebenza ishifti yasebusuku kwaye ulala ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo emini, le ndlela inokutshintsha.

Ngoko ke, uvavanyo lwe-ACTH ludla ngokufuna ukuba kutsalwe igazi kusasa. Ngokubanzi, uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwamanqanaba e-ACTH phakathi kwe-7:00 kusasa kunye ne-10:00 kusasa yi -7.2 ukuya kwi-63.3 picograms nge-milliliter (7.2 ukuya kwi-63.3 pg/mL) .

Kodwa khumbula into enye. Olu luhlu luqhelekileyo lunokwahluka ukusuka kwilabhoratri ukuya kwilabhoratri, ngamanye amaxesha, nakumntu ngamnye. Ukuba une-ACTH test, ugqirha wakho uya kufunda iziphumo zakho aze akuxelele ukuba ngaba kufuneka olunye uvavanyo okanye hayi.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba amanqanaba e-ACTH ayanda?

Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-ACTH aphezulu, kusenokwenzeka ukuba amanqanaba akho e-cortisol nawo aphezulu. Ngenxa yokuba i-cortisol ichaphazela umzimba ngeendlela ezininzi, unokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-cortisol ephezulu kuneempawu ze-ACTH ephezulu. Kwezinye iimeko, xa amadlala akho e-adrenal engavelisi i-cortisol eyaneleyo, amanqanaba e-ACTH anokunyuka. Kwezo meko, unokufumana iimpawu ze-cortisol ephantsi, kungekhona i-ACTH ephezulu.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezinokubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-ACTH anyuke:

• Isifo sikaCushing: Esi sesona sizathu sixhaphakileyo sokuphakama kwamanqanaba e-ACTH. Oku kubangelwa sisimila esingengomhlaza (i-adenoma) kwi-pituitary gland esivelisa i-ACTH eninzi. Oku ke kubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-cortisol anyuke. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwesifo sikaCushing kunye nesifo sikaCushing . Isifo sikaCushing sesinye sezizathu ezininzi zesifo sikaCushing.
• Ithumba lehomoni ye-adrenocorticotropic ephuma emithanjeni: Kunqabile kakhulu, ithumba elikhula ngaphandle kwe-pituitary gland yakho linokukhupha i-ACTH eninzi kakhulu. Iithumba ezinokuvelisa i-ACTH ngale ndlela (nangona zinqabile kakhulu) ziquka iithumba ze-carcinoid ezingezizo umhlaza zemiphunga, iithumba ze-islet cell zepancreas, i-medullary carcinoma ye-thyroid, iithumba ze-cell ezincinci zemiphunga, kunye neethumba ze-thymus gland .
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe -adrenal: Le meko yenzeka xa kukho into eyonakalise amadlala akho e-adrenal aze angakwazi ukuvelisa i-cortisol ngokufanelekileyo.Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-adrenal. Ngenxa yoko, i-pituitary gland yakho ikhupha i-ACTH engaphezulu kuba ifuna ukuvuselela i-adrenal glands.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba amanqanaba e-ACTH ehla?

Ukuba amanqanaba e-ACTH aphantsi ngenxa yengxaki ye-pituitary gland, amanqanaba e-cortisol adla ngokuba phantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amanqanaba e-cortisol aphezulu ngenxa yengxaki ye-adrenal gland, amanqanaba e-ACTH anokuba phantsi.

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba amanqanaba e-ACTH anokuba phantsi:

• I-Cushing's syndrome: I-Cushing's syndrome, enokubangelwa sisimila se-adrenal gland okanye kukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza e-corticosteroid kwezinye iimeko, inokubangela amanqanaba aphantsi e-ACTH. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-pituitary gland yakho ayikwazi ukukhupha i-ACTH ngokwesiqhelo ngenxa ye-cortisol egqithisileyo.
• I-Hypopituitarism: Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Oku kwenzeka xa i-pituitary gland yakho ivelisa i-hormone encinci kakhulu enye, ezininzi, okanye zonke. I-ACTH yenye yee-hormone ezinokuchaphazeleka. Nawuphi na umonakalo kwi-pituitary gland yakho, njengethumba, utyando, okanye unyango lwe-radiation, unokubangela i-hypopituitarism.

Okwangoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba i-ACTH ibalulekile ekulawuleni amanqanaba akho e-cortisol. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zamanqanaba aphezulu okanye aphantsi e-cortisol, ezinje ngokutyeba okanye ukwehla kobunzima, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye oluphantsi, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho. Angenza uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-cortisol kunye ne-ACTH ukuze afumanise ukuba ingaba ii-adrenal glands zakho okanye i-pituitary gland zingunobangela weempawu zakho.

Ngoko ke zeziphi izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule?

I-ACTH yihomoni ebaluleke kakhulu eveliswa yi-pituitary gland enceda ukulawula uxinzelelo emzimbeni wethu.

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- Yiyo le nto ivuselela amadlala e-adrenal ukuba avelise "i-hormone yoxinzelelo" i-cortisol .

- I-Cortisol ilawula izinto ezininzi, ezifana ne-metabolism yethu, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye namanqanaba eswekile egazini.

- Amanqanaba e-ACTH alawulwa yinkqubo entsonkothileyo equka i-hypothalamus, i-pituitary gland, kunye ne-adrenal glands .

- Ukuba amanqanaba e-ACTH anyukile okanye ayancipha, oko kunokukhokelela kwisifo sikaCushing, isifo sika-Addison.Iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo zinokwenzeka.

- Ukuba uneempawu kule meko, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngaphandle koloyiko kwaye ucele iingcebiso.

I- ACTH, iHormone ye-Adrenocorticotropic, iCortisol, iGland yePituitary, iiGlands zeAdrenal, iiHormone, Uxinzelelo