Ngaba uziva udidekile okanye udidekile? Masithethe nge-Altered Mental Status (AMS)!

Ngaba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ukhe waziva engafanelekanga, engasafani ncam? Ngamanye amaxesha bayawathetha amazwi ahlabayo, abakhumbuli ukuba bangoobani okanye baphi, okanye baqale ukwenza izinto ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Oku sikubiza, ngamagama alula, 'imeko yengqondo etshintshileyo' okanye, njengoko oogqirha bekubiza , 'imeko yengqondo etshintshileyo' (AMS) . Oku akusisifo esithile, kodwa lutshintsho olukhulu ekusebenzeni kwengqondo yethu olunokwenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ingqondo yethu. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, kulungile?

Yintoni kanye kanye i-Altered Mental Status (AMS)?

Ngamafutshane, i-Altered Mental Status (AMS) yimeko apho ingqondo yakho ingasebenzi kakuhle. Oku kunokubangelwa sisifo, ukwenzakala emzimbeni, okanye ukwenzakala entloko. Oku kunokubangela utshintsho kwindlela oqonda ngayo, oqonda ngayo, kwindlela oziphatha ngayo, kwanasekuhambeni kwakho. Cinga ngayo njengengxaki yesoftware yekhompyutha engasebenzi kakuhle.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-Altered Mental Status (AMS)?

Le meko (AMS) singayibona ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili. Ngayinye kwezi ineempawu ezahlukeneyo.

1. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo

Le yimeko engalindelekanga, engalindelekanga. I-Delirium yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango. Kule meko, umntu unokudideka, angaziphathi kakuhle, aze aziphathe ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Khawuthelekelele umakhulu wakho osele ekhulile ngequbuliso engakuqondi wena okanye abantu abamngqongileyo, aze aqalise ukukhala. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba ngonyango olufanelekileyo, le meko inokuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo.

2. Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kancinci kancinci (i-Dementia)

I-Dementia sisifo esiqhubekayo esichaphazela inkumbulo nokucinga, kwaye sinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala. Njengoko esi sifo siqhubeka, abantu banokulibala ukuba bangoobani, baphi, kwaye bangoobani abantu ababathandayo. Inokuba yimeko ebuhlungu.

3. Ingqondo

Okwesithathu yiPsychosis. Kule nto, umntu akanakukwazi ukwahlula phakathi kokwenyani kunye nentsomi. Basenokubona kwaye beve izinto ezingekhoyo, babe neengcinga ezingaqhelekanga, baze bazive bethandabuza. Oku kunokubangelwa zizifo ezithile okanye iziphumo zamayeza athile. Ngokuchanekileyo, kunokuvakala ngathi bakwihlabathi lamaphupha.

Kutheni le nto (i-Altered Mental Status - AMS) isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Kwimeko efana ne-dementia, kukulahlekelwa kancinci kancinci kwengqondo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Kodwa kwiimeko zokuqalisa ngequbuliso kwe-AMS njenge-delirium okanye i-psychosis, ingxaki kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yomzimba wethu inokuba yimbangela. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izizathu eziphambili.

Iingxaki zenkqubo ye-nervous central

Ingqondo yethu ilawula yonke into ngathi. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho ingxaki engqondweni, ichaphazela ngqo ingqondo yethu.

• Ukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo (Ukopha kwegazi): Oku kungenzeka ngenxa yengozi okanye esinye isizathu.
• Umhlaza wobuchopho : Oku kukwangunobangela omkhulu wokutshintsha kwengqondo.
• I-Hepatic encephalopathy : Le meko yenzeka xa isibindi singasebenzi kakuhle kwaye inkunkuma ingena engqondweni.
• Uxinzelelo oluphezulu olubangelwa kukuqokelelana kolwelo engqondweni (i-Obstructive hydrocephalus): Le yimeko enobungozi kakhulu.
• Ukuxhuzula : Abanye abantu basenokuhlala bedidekile okwethutyana emva kokuxhuzula.
• Istroke : Oku kunokwenzeka xa igazi liyeka ukuhanjiswa engqondweni okanye xa umthambo wegazi uqhuma.

Iingxaki zeMetabolic

Le meko (i-AMS) inokwenzeka xa ibhalansi yeekhemikhali emzimbeni wethu iphazamiseka.

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni : Usenokuziva unxaniwe kakhulu kwaye unesizungu xa umzimba wakho uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, kwaye usenokudideka.
• I-Hypothermia : Oku kunokwenzeka xa umzimba ubanda kakhulu.
• Ukwehla kwamanqanaba eoksijini egazini (Hypoxemia): Oku kunokubangelwa kubunzima bokuphefumla.
• I-Hypoglycemia : Le yimeko eqhelekileyo kubantu abanesifo seswekile. Abantu basenokuqala ukubila ngequbuliso, baphazamiseke, baze balahlekelwe zingqondo.
• Ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-sodium egazini (i-Hyponatremia)
• Ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-calcium egazini (i-Hypocalcemia)
• I-Hypothyroidism : Oku kunokuchaphazela inkumbulo kancinci kancinci.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamanye amayeza (Iimpendulo ezingalunganga kumayeza abhalwe ngugqirha)

Amanye amayeza esiwaselayo kwizigulo anokubangela utshintsho engqondweni njengesiphumo esibi.

• Amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula
• Amanye amayeza alawula ukuqaqamba kwemisipha (i-Anticholinergics)
• Uhlobo lweyeza `(Corticosteroids)`
• Izithomalalisi
• Iipilisi zokulala

Kubalulekile: Nokuba usela amayeza anjani na, ukuba ufumana naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga engqondweni yakho emva kokuwasela, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Iintsholongwane

Ezinye izifo emzimbeni, ingakumbi xa zisiba nzima, zinokuchaphazela ingqondo kwaye zitshintshe ingqondo.

• Usulelo lwendlela yomchamo (UTIs): Xa abantu, ingakumbi abantu abadala, befumana usulelo lwendlela yomchamo, banokuphazamiseka ngequbuliso baze balahlekelwe zingqondo. Oku kudla ngokuba yimbangela yokulahlekelwa zingqondo ngequbuliso kumntu omdala.
• I-Encephalitis : Ukudumba kwezicubu zobuchopho.
• I-MeningitisI-Meningitis: Usulelo lwee-membrane ezigubungela ingqondo kunye nomqolo.
• I-Pneumonia : Usulelo lwemiphunga lunokuba mandundu.

Ezinye izizathu

Kukho nezinye izizathu ngaphandle kwale.

• Ukothuka okukhulu (umz., ukothuka okubangelwa kukuhlaselwa yintliziyo)
• Iimpawu zokurhoxa ngenxa yokusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi okanye utywala okanye ukuyeka
• Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu

Zithini iimpawu ze-Altered Mental Status (AMS)?

Xa ingqondo yomntu itshintsha, unokubona iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezininzi eziphambili.

Utshintsho kumsebenzi wokuqonda kunye nokuqonda

• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo okunciphileyo okanye okupheleleyo (i-Coma)
• Ukudideka, ukudideka kwengqondo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ( ukungakwazi ukubona indawo, ixesha, okanye abantu )
• Ukungakwazi ukhumbula nezinye iingxaki zokukhumbula
• Ukubona okanye ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo (Hallucinations)
• Iinkolelo ezingaqhelekanga, ezingezizo (Iingcinga eziphosakeleyo)
• Intetho ayibalulekanga, amagama ayaxubana
• Ukufika emva kwexesha ekuphenduleni imibuzo nasekuphenduleni

Khawucinge ukuba umhlobo wakho ngequbuliso ebengakuboni, engakwazi ukuphendula xa umbuza ukuba usuku lwakhe belunjani, aze amazwi akhe angabi nantsingiselo. Yiyo loo nto kunjalo.

Iingxaki zengqondo kunye nempilo yengqondo

• Ukucaphuka kunye nokucaphuka
• Uloyiko olungeyomfuneko, ixhala
• Ukudakumba, ukuphelelwa ngumdla kuyo nayiphi na into
• Ukugqabhuka kweemvakalelo , njengokugqabhuka kweemvakalelo ngequbuliso, ukukhala, njl.
• Ukuziva wonwabile ngendlela engaqhelekanga ngaphandle kwesizathu (Euphoria)
• Ukuzikhwebula eluntwini , ukuzama ukuhlala kude nabanye abantu
• Ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga

Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zesimo sengqondo esitshintshileyo

• Ukudinwa okugqithisileyo, ukudinwa `(Ukudinwa)`
• Ukungakhathali, ukungazinzi, ukungakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla okufutshane `(Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla)`

Ifunyaniswa njani le meko (i-AMS)?

Xa umntu eziswa esibhedlele etshintshe ingqondo, into yokuqala eyenziwa ngoogqirha kukukhawuleza bafune ukuqonda ukuba yintoni ebangela oku. Uninzi lwexesha, olu vavanyo lwenziwa kwigumbi likaxakeka.

Oogqirha baceba uvavanyo lwakho ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nobunzima bazo. Okokuqala, bakubuza (okanye umntu ohlala naye ukuba awukwazi ukuthetha) ngeemeko zakho zempilo kunye namayeza. Emva koko benza uvavanyo lomzimba olusisiseko. Bakhangela oku kulandelayo:

• Indlela yomoya: Jonga ukuba ivuliwe na kwaye ikwimeko entle.
• Ukuphefumla: Ukumamela imiphunga nge-stethoscope.
• Ukujikeleza kwegazi: Ijonga ukubetha kwentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nesantya sentliziyo.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo-luvo: Kujonga ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo-luvo, njengokulahlekelwa zingqondo okanye ukukhubazeka kwelinye icala lomzimba.
• Ukuhlolwa komzimba wonke (Ukuchatshazelwa): Uvavanyo oluqala entloko ukuya ezinzwaneni lwenziwa ukujonga amanxeba, iibhandishi, njl.njl.

Yintoni enye oyivavanyayo?

Emva kolu vavanyo lokuqala, kuya kufuneka kwenziwe ezinye iimvavanyo ukuze kuchongwe unobangela ochanekileyo wesifo se-AMS.

• Uvavanyo lwegazi : Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa izinto ezininzi, ezinje ngezifo, amanqanaba eswekile, amanqanaba etyuwa, kunye nokusebenza kwesibindi.
• I-CT scan : Ingafumanisa izinto ezifana nokopha ebuchotsheni, iithumba, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo.
• I-X-ray yesifuba : Ukujonga usulelo lwemiphunga olufana ne-pneumonia.
• I-ECG : Khangela izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwintliziyo.
• I-EEG : Uvavanyo olulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wengqondo, olunceda ekuchongeni iimeko ezifana nokuxhuzula.
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo : Fumana ulwazi ngezinto ezifana nosulelo lomchamo.
• Uvavanyo lweswekile egazini : Jonga ukuba akukho hypoglycemia.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-AMS?

Unyango lwe-AMS luxhomekeke ngqo kwimeko yezonyango ebangela oko kunye nohlobo lwe-AMS.

Ukunika imizekelo embalwa:

• Ukuba kungenxa yosulelo, kuya kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afanelekileyo.
• Ukuba kungenxa yesiphumo esingesihle seyeza, iyeza liya kutshintshwa okanye limiswe.
• Ukuba iswekile egazini iphantsi (hypoglycemia), kunikwa inaliti yeglucagon .
• Ukuba kukho ukunqongophala kwamanzi emzimbeni (ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni), kunikwa i-saline (ulwelo olufakwa emithanjeni).
• Ukuba usebenzisa iziyobisi ngokugqithisileyo (umz. ii-opioids), uza kunikwa iyeza lokunyanga (umz. iNaloxone).
• Ukuba kukuxhuzula, bakunika amayeza okukuthintela .
• Ngamanye amaxesha, i-anxiolytics okanye i-antipsychotics inokunikwa.
• Ukuba kukho ukopha okanye uxinzelelo engqondweni, kunokufuneka utyando ukuze kususwe loo ngxaki.
• Ukuba akukho oxygen yaneleyo egazini, kunikwa ioksijini eyongezelelweyo.

Ngaba i-Altered Mental Status (AMS) ingathintelwa?

Ezinye izizathu, ezifana ne-dementia, kunzima ukuba sizithintele ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-AMS ngenxa yezinye izizathu ezininzi.

• Ukuba unezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sokuwa, okanye isifo se-thyroid, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ezi zifo zilawulwa.
• Sela amayeza owalelwe ngugqirha wakho ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangedosi emiselweyo. Ungaze wandise okanye wehlise idosi okanye uthathe amayeza owalelwe omnye umntu.
• Musa ukusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye utywala ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Kungcono ukuziphepha.

Kunjani ukuphila ne-(AMS)? Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga?

Ukuba utshintsho engqondweni lubangelwa kukungazinzi okanye yingqondo, iimpawu zihlala ziphela emva konyango kwaye umntu uyaphila ngokukhawuleza. Ungabuyela kubomi bakho besiqhelo emva kwexesha elithile. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kwaye ufumane uhlolo rhoqo, njengoko le meko inokuphinda ivele. Umzekelo, ukuba i-AMS ibangelwa yi-hypoglycemia, kufuneka ujonge amanqanaba eswekile yegazi lakho rhoqo kwaye uyilawule.

Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezifana ne-dementia, nangona unyango lunokulawula iimeko ezisongela ubomi ngokukhawuleza (umz., usulelo), inkumbulo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kuyaqhubeka nokuhla kancinci kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zokunceda abo baguli bagcine umgangatho wobomi olungileyo.

Khumbula, i-Altered Mental Status (AMS) lutshintsho ekusebenzeni kwengqondo. Inokuba yeyokwexeshana, kodwa inokuba yingozi ngokukhawuleza ebomini. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uhlangabezana nezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Amanqaku amafutshane ekufuneka uwakhumbule

I-Altered Mental Status (AMS) ebesithetha ngayo ayilula. Lutshintsho kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kwengqondo yethu.

• Le meko (i-AMS) inokwenzeka ngezizathu ezininzi, kuquka izifo ezahlukeneyo, ukukhubazeka emzimbeni, iingozi, kunye namayeza.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, i-Dementia, kunye ne-Psychosis zezona ntlobo zintathu ziphambili zale nto.
• Iimpawu ezininzi zinokubonakala, ezinje ngokudideka, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, kunye nokuthetha okungacacanga.
• Ngamanye amaxesha oku kwenzeka okwexeshana kwaye kunokunyangeka ngonyango. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
• Ngoko ke, ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uhlangabezana nezi mpawu zokutshintsha kwengqondo, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Yiloo nto ilungileyo onokuyenza. Ukungoyiki, kodwa ukwenza ngokukhawuleza kunokuthintela umonakalo omkhulu.

` Utshintsho kwiMeko yengqondo, i-AMS, Utshintsho kwingqondo, Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, i-Delirium, i-Dementia, i-Psychosis, Iingcebiso zonyango, Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukudideka kwengqondo