Ngaba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwe kukubona kwakho waza wakuphinda wakubona? Masifunde nge (Amaurosis Fugax)?

Ngaba wakha walahlekelwa ngumbono ngeliso elinye, okanye mhlawumbi omabini amehlo, okwethutyana nje, waza waphinda wawubona emva kwemizuzu embalwa? Kungaba ngamava othusayo, ngokungathi kukho ikhethini emnyama ewile phambi kwamehlo akho, okanye umntu othile ekhupha ikhethini ecaleni. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa ngumbono okwexeshana.

Yintoni i-Amaurosis Fugax?

Ngamafutshane, oku `(Amaurosis Fugax)` kuthetha ukuba ulahlekelwa kukubona kwakho kwiliso elinye, okanye ngamanye amaxesha omabini amehlo, okwethutyana, oko kukuthi, okwethutyana elifutshane. Kodwa awuziva ntlungu koku. Isizathu soku kukuba ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwi-retina , olu luhlu lweeseli ezingasemva kweliso ezithumela imiqondiso engqondweni malunga noko sikubonayo, kuyema okwethutyana kuze kuphazamiseke. Khawuthelekelele ukuba iliso lethu lifana nekhamera, kwaye le retina isebenza njengefilimu yayo. Emva koko, ukuba igazi alihambi kakuhle kuyo, imifanekiso iyeka ukubonwa okwethutyana.

Igama elithi ``Amaurosis Fugax'' livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi ``amaurosis'' elithetha 'ubumnyama'' kunye negama lesiLatini elithi ``fugax'' elithetha 'umzuzwana'' okanye 'okwexeshana''. Njengoko igama lisitsho, oku kulahleka kombono kudla ngokuthatha imizuzwana embalwa ukuya kwimizuzu embalwa . Ngamanye amaxesha umbono unokulahleka ngokupheleleyo, okanye inxalenye yawo kuphela inokubonakala ifiphele.

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha babiza le meko ngokuthi 'ubumfama be-monocular obuhamba kancinci', 'ukulahleka kokubona kwe-monocular okuhamba kancinci', okanye 'ukulahleka kokubona kwe-binocular okuhamba kancinci'. Oko kuthetha 'ukulahleka kokubona okwethutyana kwiliso elinye' okanye 'ukulahleka kokubona okwethutyana emehlweni omabini'.

Nangona ezinye zezizathu zolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa yimbono zisenokuba zincinci, ezinye zinokuba ziimeko ezinzima ezifuna ingqalelo eninzi . Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uya kukunceda ufumane unobangela ochanekileyo. Kulapho ke kuphela apho unokuqala khona unyango olufanelekileyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukukhumbula ukuba ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa ngumbono wakho nangasiphi na isizathu, yingxamiseko kwaye kufuneka ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Ukuba une-`(Amaurosis Fugax)`, uphawu oluphambili kukubona ngequbuliso, ngaphandle kwentlungu, ukufiphala, okanye ukulahleka ngokupheleleyo kombono kwinxalenye yombono wakho. Kwabanye, oku kuvakala ngathi ngumkhusane owela phezulu okanye utsala umkhusane phambi kweliso. Kungaba ngamava afana nokuvala umkhusane kumdlalo.

Khawuthelekelele, ngelixa uNilanthi wayesela iti yakhe yasekuseni, ngequbuliso kwawa ikhethini emnyama phambi kweliso lakhe lasekunene. Wayengaboni nto malunga nomzuzu. Wayesoyika kakhulu. Kodwa emva kwexesha elithile, wakwazi ukubona kwakhona. Le yindlela '(Amaurosis Fugax)'.

Njengoko igama lisitsho, oku kungokwexeshana.Oko kuthetha ukuba kuza kuba ngcono ngokwako emva kwexesha elithile, kwaye umbono wakho uza kubuya. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwenzeka ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye. Ngoko ke, khumbula, ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso, nokuba kukho intlungu okanye akunjalo, yinto ekufuneka uyifune kugqirha ngoko nangoko. Kuba kunokubakho isizathu esibalulekileyo emva koku.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Eyona nto iphambili `(Amaurosis Fugax)` kukuba, njengoko sele sixoxile, umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi kwi-retina engaphakathi kweliso uvalekile ngesizathu esithile. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumanisa unobangela ochanekileyo wokuvaleka. Kulapho kuphela apho ugqirha wakho aya kukwazi ukugqiba ngonyango olufanelekileyo.

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo ezinokukhokelela ekuvalekeni kwemithambo ye-retinal:

• Amahlwili egazi: Ihlwili legazi elenzeka kwenye indawo emzimbeni linokuphuma lize lihlale emthanjeni omncinci wegazi ohambisa igazi elisweni.
• Iplaque evela kwi-Atherosclerosis: Ngamanye amaxesha iindonga zemithambo yethu emikhulu yegazi ziyatyeba ngenxa yamafutha amaninzi (imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis). Iqhekeza elincinci lale plaque linokwaphuka lize linamathele kwimithambo yegazi, njengeqhekeza lodaka elinamathelayo kwipayipi.
• Ukudumba kwemithambo-luvo yakho: Usulelo okanye ukudumba kwemithambo-luvo, ethwala imiyalezo esuka elisweni ukuya engqondweni (njenge-optic neuritis), kunokubangela nokulahlekelwa yimbono okwethutyana.

Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho uza kujonga ukuba unayo nayiphi na eminye imeko enokuba luphawu lwe-"Amaurosis Fugax." Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Uhlaselo lwe-Ischemic oluThutyana (TIA): Oku kufana ne-mini-stroke. Ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni kuyema okwethutyana kuze kubuyele esiqhelweni. Oku kungaba luphawu lwesilumkiso lokuba kuza i-stroke enkulu.
• Istroke: Yimeko embi kakhulu eyenzeka xa igazi lingena ngokupheleleyo kwindawo ethile yengqondo.
• I-Giant Cell Arteritis: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Temporal Arteritis, esi sisifo esibangela ukuba imithambo emikhulu nephakathi entloko nasentanyeni idumbe kwaye ivuvuke. Ingachaphazela nemithambo ehambisa igazi emehlweni.
• I-Optic Neuritis: Ukudumba okanye ukudumba kwe-optic nerve.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Esi sisifo esichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
• Ukulimala entloko (Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu - i-TBI): Olu hlobo lweengxaki zokubona ngamanye amaxesha lunokwenzeka emva kokwenzakala entloko.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi ezinokuba negalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-`(Amaurosis Fugax)`. Ezinye zezi zinto zinokutshintshwa, ngelixa ezinye zizinto ezingenakuhlengahlengiswa. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• I-Carotid Artery Stenosis: Ukuba umthambo wegazi oyintloko (umthambo we-carotid) othwala igazi ukusuka kumacala omabini entamo ukuya engqondweni uvalwe yimfumba yamafutha.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu): Oku kuthetha uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini (i-Hypercholesterolemia): Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol embi egazini.
• Ukutshaya: Oku kunegalelo kwizifo ezininzi.
• Ukuba ukhe waba ne-`(TIA)` yangaphambili.
• Isifo seswekile: Sikwabizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile.
• Isifo sentliziyo: Le ngozi ikwaphezulu nakubantu abanesifo sentliziyo.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwecocaine.
• Ukusela kakhulu (`Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala`).
• Ubudala obungama-50 nangaphezulu: Umngcipheko wezifo ezithile uyanda njengoko iminyaka ikhula.

Njengoko ubona, uninzi lwezi zinto zinobungozi zikwanxulunyaniswa neemeko ezifana nesifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi zinto.

Ngaba oku kungaba yingozi? Zithini iingxaki?

Ewe, kuxhomekeke kwisizathu esibangela ukulahleka kombono okwethutyana esibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Amaurosis Fugax)` , iingxaki ezinokuvela koku zinokuba zimbi kakhulu. Ingakumbi ukuba zikhokelela kwi-`(Stroke)` okanye `(isiganeko sentliziyo`), zinokuba yingozi ebomini. Yiyo loo nto sisithi ukuba ulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso , ungawutyesheli konke konke, kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko . Ukuba unobangela ufunyenwe kwangethuba, iingxaki ezinkulu zinokuthintelwa kakhulu.

Oogqirha bayibona njani le nto?

Xa ubona ugqirha, uza kuqala akubuze ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye neempawu oye wazibona. Emva koko, baza kwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo olupheleleyo. Kubalulekile nokwazi ukuba unayo nayiphi na eminye imiba yezempilo, efana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye isifo sentliziyo.

Zithini iimvavanyo?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba une-"Amaurosis Fugax", unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Uninzi lwazo luvavanyo olunxulumene nempilo yemithambo yegazi yakho. Nantsi indlela ezibonakala ngayo:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba: Uvavanyo lwezonyango ngokubanzi.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi:
• Inani elipheleleyo legazi (i-CBC)
• Inqanaba leswekile egazini (`uvavanyo lweswekile egazini`)
• Jonga izinto ezifana namaxesha okujiya kwegazi.
• Uvavanyo lokucinga ngenkqubo yakho yemithambo yegazi:
• Iiskeni ze-ultrasound: Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukujonga imeko yemithambo ye-carotid, ingakumbi entanyeni.
• Iskeni se-MRI (`Imifanekiso yeMagnetic Resonance - MRI`):Imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho kunye nemithambo yegazi ingathathwa.
• I-CT scan (`I-Computed Tomography - CT`): Oku kungathatha imifanekiso yengqondo kunye nemithambo yegazi.
• Uvavanyo lwe-ECG (`I-electrocardiogram`): Lujonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
• Uvavanyo lweHolter monitor: Sisixhobo esijonga izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo iiyure ezingama-24 nangaphezulu.
• Uvavanyo lwe-C-reactive protein (CRP): Lujonga ukudumba emzimbeni.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): Oku kunokunika umbono weemeko zokudumba.

Luluphi unyango lwale nto?

Unyango lwe-`(Amaurosis Fugax)` luxhomekeke kwisizathu. Ezinye zezizathu esizixubushile ngaphambili, ezifana ne-`(Stroke)` zifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ukuba ibangelwa yenye imeko, efana ne-`(Giant Cell Arteritis), kukho unyango oluthile lwaloo meko.

Ngamafutshane, `(Amaurosis Fugax)` luphawu. Ngoko ke unyango lulolwesifo esibangele olo phawu. Umzekelo:

• Ukuba unobangela kukuqhekeka kwegazi , amayeza okunciphisa igazi (afana ne-aspirin) anokunikwa.
• Ukuba umthambo we-carotid unciphile kakhulu (Carotid Artery Stenosis) , oogqirha banokucebisa ukuba uwuvule ngotyando (Carotid Endarterectomy) okanye ufake i-stent.
• Ukuba yimeko yokudumba efana ne -'Giant Cell Arteritis' , amayeza okulwa nokudumba afana ne-'steroids' anganikwa.

Ngoko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana unobangela ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqale unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ndingalindela ntoni kule meko?

Imbono yakho nge-`(Amaurosis Fugax)` ixhomekeke kwisizathu. Ukuba yimeko enzima efana ne-`(Stroke)`, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

``(Amaurosis Fugax)``, njengoko igama lisitsho, yimeko yexeshana. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukulahleka kombono kuya kuziphelela emva kwexesha elithile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho iimeko zempilo ezibangela oko, kuya kufuneka zinyangwe kwaye zilawulwe.

Umzekelo, ukuba unesifo esifana ne-'Giant Cell Arteritis' okanye 'Multiple Sclerosis (MS)', kufuneka ulandele unyango olucetyiswe ngugqirha wakho kwezo zifo ngokuchanekileyo. Xa isifo esisisiseko sinyangwa, uphawu lwe-'(Amaurosis Fugax)' nalo luya kulawulwa.

Ngaba i-Amaurosis Fugax ingathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo `(Amaurosis Fugax)`. Nangona kunjalo, unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana le meko ngokulawula impilo yakho iyonke kakuhle.

Ndingayinciphisa njani ingozi?

Ezi zinto zinokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana isifo (i-Amaurosis Fugax):

• Lawula izifo ezingapheliyo: Lawula izifo ezikhoyo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu. Sela amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
• Ukulandela ukutya okunempilo: Yitya iziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi, iinkozo ezipheleleyo, inyama engenamafutha, kunye nentlanzi. Ukutya kwethu kwasekuhlaleni kukwanokutya okuninzi okunempilo. (Umzekelo, ukutya kwaseMeditera kuthiwa kunempilo.) Nciphisa ukutya okuneoyile eninzi, iswekile, netyuwa kangangoko unako.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo: Zama ukugcina ubunzima obufanele ubude bakho.
• Hlala usenza umthambo: Yenza into efana nokuhamba okanye ukuzilolonga ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Yeka ukutshaya: Ukuba uyatshaya, cela uncedo lokuyeka.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Ukuba usela utywala, kungcono ukuba ulunciphise lube ngamanani amancinci kakhulu, okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha malunga neengxaki zokubona?

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba ulahlekelwa yimbono yakho ngequbuliso, nokuba unentlungu okanye awunayo, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko. Yiphathe njengengxamiseko. Musa ukuchitha ixesha.

Nokuba ayingomcimbi ongxamisekileyo, yiya rhoqo kuvavanyo lwamehlo njengoko ugqirha wakho ekucebisa. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni ezinye iimeko ngaphambi kokuba zivele.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha wam malunga ne-Amaurosis Fugax?

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, ungaze woyike ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingaba i-"Amaurosis Fugax" yam inxulumene nayo nayiphi na enye imeko yempilo?
• Kwimeko yam, yintoni ugqirha ayijonga njengengxamiseko? (oko kukuthi, zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizibonakalise ngoko nangoko ukuba ndizifumana?)
• Luhlobo luni lonyango olundicebisayo?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ngenxa yolo nyango?
• Ngaba ucebisa ukubona ingcali ukuze ifumane unyango?
• Yeyiphi ishedyuli endifanele ndiyilandele xa ndihlolwa amehlo?

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo esifanele sizithathele ekhaya kweli bali?

Kulungile, ezi zezinye zezinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule kwizinto ebesithetha ngazo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Ukuba ukhe waphelelwa ngumbono okwethutyana – ngokungathi kukho ikhethini ewile phambi kwamehlo akho – isenokuba yi-`(Amaurosis Fugax)`. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, okanye ukuba ulahlekelwa ngumbono wakho ngequbuliso nangaliphi na ixesha, kufuneka ufune ingcebiso yezonyango ngoko nangoko. Oogqirha baya kusebenza nawe ukuze bafumanise ukuba yintoni ebangela imeko ye-`(Amaurosis Fugax)`, kwaye nokuba unayo nayiphi na eminye imeko enxulumene noko.

Ngokubanzi, okukhona ukuxilongwa kusenziwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona unyango lunokuqala ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono.

Ngoko ke, nokuba uneentlungu okanye akunjalo, ungathandabuzi ukufuna uncedo ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona. Kwakhona, ungathandabuzi ukucela ugqirha wakho ukuba akucacisele ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo malunga nokuxilongwa kunye nonyango. Impilo yakho ibaluleke kakhulu kuwe.

I- Amaurosis Fugax, ukulahleka kombono okwethutyana, ukubona, i-retina, ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi, i-TIA, iStroke, ukukhubazeka