Ingaba uneqhubu elingenabuhlungu emhlathini wakho? Masithethe ngale ameloblastoma!

Ngaba wakha waphawula iqhuma elincinci elingenabuhlungu emhlathini wakho, ingakumbi ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho? Okanye wakha wafumanisa ugqirha wamazinyo ngengozi into engaqhelekanga xa wayehlola amazinyo akho waza wayikhankanya? Ngamanye amaxesha asizinaki kangako ezi zinto, kodwa kubalulekile ukuziqaphela. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngethumba elingaqhelekanga kodwa elibalulekileyo elenzeka emhlathini. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-ameloblastoma.

Yintoni i-ameloblastoma? Masiqonde ngqo?

Ngamafutshane, i-ameloblastoma sisimila esikhula emhlathini wakho, ngokufuthi kancinci. Sikhula kwiiseli ezifanayo ezenza isigqubuthelo sokukhusela amazinyo akho, esibizwa ngokuba yi-tooth enamel. Akumangalisi oko? Malunga ne-80% yezi thumba zikhula emhlathini ongezantsi, apho amazinyo akho amakhulu angasemva (i-molars) akhoyo.

Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Xa uthi ithumba, ngaba lithetha umhlaza?" Enyanisweni, i-ameloblastoma idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yithumba elingenobungozi. Oko kuthetha ukuba ayilomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kukho into encinci ekufuneka uyiqonde apha. Xa sisithi "elingenobungozi", sihlala sicinga ukuba "akunabungozi, akukho nto yokukhathazeka ngayo." Kodwa nge-ameloblastoma, akunjalo. Nangona la mathumba engengomhlaza, anokukhula kancinci kancinci aze atshintshe imo yomhlathi wakho kwaye onakalise amazinyo akho. Kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha anokukhula kwakhona (aphinde abuye) nasemva konyango.

Ngoko ke, nokuba lo mhlaza awungomhlaza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwuxilonga kwangethuba, ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo , kwaye ujongwe ngokusondeleyo emva konyango. Kulapho kuphela apho umonakalo kumhlathi ungathintelwa khona.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ameloblastoma?

Ewe, oogqirha bajonga ezi thumba phantsi kwemicroscope baze bazihlele ngokwendlela ezibonakala ngayo iiseli. Ekuqaleni, ezi seli zifana neehoneycombs okanye amasuntswana amancinci anesepha. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili:

• I-ameloblastoma eqhelekileyo: Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Lumalunga ne-85% yazo zonke ii-ameloblastoma. Lukhula ngokukhawuleza kunezinye iintlobo kwaye lunokusasazeka ukusuka kumhlathi ukuya kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo zomlomo .
• I-ameloblastoma engaqhelekanga: Olu hlobo alunakwenzeka ukuba lusasazeke ngaphaya komhlathi kunohlobo oluqhelekileyo.
• I-ameloblastoma engaphandle (engaqhelekanga): Abaphandi bacinga ukuba ezi zifo zihlala zisasazeka ukusuka kwiintsini okanye kwizicubu ezithambileyo zomlomo ukuya emhlathini. Zikhula kancinci kunezinye iintlobo ezimbini.

Nangona kunqabile kakhulu, ezinye izimila ze-ameloblastomaIsenokuba ngumhlaza (iyingozi). Kukho iintlobo ezimbini:

• I-Metastasizing ameloblastoma: Ezi thumba zibukeka njengezimila 'ezingengobungozi' xa zijongwa ngemicroscope. Kodwa eneneni 'zii-metastatic cancer'. Ugqirha unokufumanisa ukuba 'zii-metastatic' kuphela emva kokuba umhlaza usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, njengemiphunga, ingqondo, okanye ulusu.
• I-Ameloblastic carcinoma: Le thumba ingaqala njengomhlaza kwasekuqaleni. Okanye, ingaqala njenge-ameloblastoma engeyongozi ize ibe ngumhlaza.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-ameloblastoma?

I-Ameloblastoma yenye yezona thumba zixhaphakileyo zomhlathi, kodwa ngokubanzi ayiqhelekanga. Izifundo zibonise ukuba malunga nomntu omnye kwisigidi kuphela ofunyaniswa enesifo minyaka le. Kubo, malunga ne-2% kuphela ene-malignant ameloblastoma.

Nangona le meko inokuvela nakweyiphi na iminyaka, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60. Kuthiwa esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe aseAfrika naseAsia.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-Ameloblastoma?

Ngenxa yokuba la mathumba akhula kancinci, usenokungabi nazimpawu kangangeminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20. Wena okanye ugqirha wakho usenokungaqapheli oku de kube lixesha elide. Kuphela xa ithumba likhula lize lingene kwizicwili ezingqongileyo apho unokubona utshintsho kwimo yobuso bakho nomhlathi okanye iingxaki zamazinyo akho.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukudumba okungenabuhlungu kwindawo yomhlathi. Oku kudla ngokuchaphazela icala elinye lobuso kuphela.
• Kufana nehlumela elitsha elicinezelwe ngaphakathi esidleleni, njengepeanut okanye ibhola encinci.
• Amabala apinki okanye abomvu emazinyweni, okanye amazinyo aqhekeka lula.
• Ubunzima bokushukumisa umhlathi.
• Iintsini ziba bomvu kwaye zidumbe.
• Amazinyo angadibani kakuhle (i-malocclusion).
• Ukutshixiza amazinyo.

Kutheni i-ameloblastoma ikhula? Zithini izizathu?

Ezi thumba zikhula kuba iiseli ezenza i-enamel yamazinyo akho (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ameloblasts) ziyaqhubeka zikhula emva kokuba i-enamel yamazinyo akho yenziwe. Iingcali azikayazi ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka.

Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwakutshanje lufumanise ukuba abantu abaninzi abane-ameloblastoma banezakhi zofuzo ezifanayo ezinxulumene neengxaki zokwahlulwa kweeseli kwaye zinceda ukukhula kwesi sifo.Ngokukodwa, utshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo 'BRAF' kunye 'neSMO' ludla ngokunxulunyaniswa ne-ameloblastoma.

Iingcali okwangoku ziphanda olu tshintsho lwemfuza ukuze zichonge iindlela zonyango ezijoliswe kuzo eziya kujolisa kwaye zitshabalalise iiseli ezinengxaki.

Oogqirha bafumanisa njani i-ameloblastoma?

Xa usiya kugqirha wamazinyo ukuze uhlolwe rhoqo, ii-X-rays zinokubonisa iimpawu ze-ameloblastoma. Ukuba kunjalo, ugqirha wamazinyo wakho uza kukuthumela kwingcali ukuze kwenziwe olunye uvavanyo. Olu vavanyo lungabandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lokufota: Ezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana ne-X-rays, i-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI), kunye ne-CT scan, zinokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba iphi kanye kanye ithumba kwaye likhulu kangakanani. Ezi vavanyo zinokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba angaziboni ezinye iintlobo zeethumba ezifana ne-ameloblastoma. Ukuba ngumhlaza, i-Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan) inokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba isasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
• I-Biopsy: I-biopsy ivumela ugqirha wakho ukuba athathe iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu kwithumba aze alihlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope yingcali yezifo. Uhlobo lweeseli luya kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba amisele ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-ameloblastoma aze agqibe ngonyango olufanelekileyo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-Ameloblastoma?

Olona nyango lulungileyo lwe-ameloblastoma kukuhlinzwa ukususa ithumba kunye nezinye izicwili ezijikelezileyo (ukuze kungabikho ziseli ezingaqhelekanga eziseleyo). Oogqirha bahlula utyando lwezi thumba zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:

• Utyando olukhulu: Olu lutyando olukhulu kubantu abane-ameloblastoma. Apha, ugqirha ususa inani elikhulu lomhlathi kunye nezicubu ezingqongileyo kunye nethumba. Oku kwenzelwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubuya kwethumba. Lingasusa nenxalenye okanye yonke yomhlathi ongezantsi (mandibulectomy) okanye inxalenye okanye yonke yomhlathi ongaphezulu (maxillectomy).
• Utyando olucwangcisiweyo: Apha, ugqirha ususa ithumba kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu eziphilileyo kunye namathambo. Olu tyando luncinci lunokwenziwa ukuba ithumba lakho lincinci kwaye linethuba elincinci lokusasazeka emathanjeni nakwizicubu ezikufutshane.

Ukuba awungomntu ufanelekileyo otyando, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lwemitha ukuze kutshatyalaliswe ithumba. Okanye, banokucebisa unyango lwemitha ukuze kutshatyalaliswe naziphi na iiseli zethumba eziseleyo emva kotyando. Olu nyango lusebenzisa ii-X-ray ezinamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli.

Unyango olongezelelweyo olunokufuneka emva kotyando

Utyando olukhulu lwe-ameloblastoma lunokuthatha ixesha elide ukuphola, ngesiqhelo iinyanga ezininzi. Emva koko, unokufuna unyango olongezelelweyo ukuze ubuyele esiqhelweni. Umzekelo:

• Utyando lokwakha ngokutsha: Uza kusebenza nogqirha weplastiki ukubuyisela inkangeleko yobuso bakho nomhlathi. Olu tyando lubandakanya ukuthatha ithambo kwelinye ilungu lomzimba wakho (njengesinqe okanye igxalaba) kunye nokwakha kwakhona indawo yomhlathi.
• Izinto zokufakelwa kwamazinyo: La ngamazinyo okwenziwa (iiprosthetics) athatha indawo yamazinyo asuswe ngexesha lotyando. Ezi zinokukunceda uphinde ukwazi ukuhlafuna kakuhle kwaye ubuyisele ukuzithemba kwakho kwimbonakalo yomlomo wakho.
• Unyango lokuthetha: Ingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha inokukunceda ulungelelanise utshintsho olusemhlathini nasebusweni bakho ukuze ukwazi ukuhlafuna, ukuginya, nokuthetha kakuhle.
• Ingcebiso ngesondlo: Ingcali yesondlo ingakunceda ukhethe ukutya okunesondlo okulula ukukuhlafuna nokukuginya ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho.

Ngaba umngcipheko wokufumana i-ameloblastoma ungancitshiswa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela oku. Nangona kunjalo, ukubona ugqirha wamazinyo ubuncinane kanye kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuze ahlolwe amazinyo aze ahlolwe umhlaza womlomo kunokunceda ekufumaneni ezi zihluma kwangethuba. Unyango lwangethuba lunokunceda ekuthinteleni i-ameloblastoma ukuba ingonakalisi umhlathi wakho kunye nezicubu zobuso.

Ukuba ndinayo le meko, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Ingqikelelo yakho ixhomekeke kwimpilo yakho, uhlobo lwe-ameloblastoma, indawo ekuyo, kunye nohlobo lotyando olwenziweyo ukususa ithumba.

Abantu abaninzi abaye banyangwa i-ameloblastoma baya kufuna ukujongwa ubomi babo bonke ukuze kubonwe ukuba ithumba liya kubuya na. Oku kungenxa yokuba malunga nama-20% abantu baya kuphinda babe nethumba emva kotyando. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sexesha, ithumba liya kubuya kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala emva kotyando.

Ngoko ke, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka wenze uvavanyo kangaphi ukuze ubone ukuba ithumba liyakhula kwakhona na.

Kuthekani ukuba i-ameloblastoma ayinyangwa?

Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-ameloblastoma inokonakalisa iindawo ezibalulekileyo zobuso bakho kunye nomhlathi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokubulala. Ukuba ayijongwanga, la mathumba anokonakalisa ubuso bakho, enze kube nzima ukuhlafuna nokuginya. Ukuba akhula ngakumbi, anokungena kwizicubu zobuchopho bakho kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi, aze avale indlela yakho yomoya.

Ngoko ke, unyango lwe-ameloblastoma lunokuthintela ezi meko zinzima kakhulu ukuba zenzeke.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Kuya kufuneka wazi kakuhle ukuba kufuneka uye kangaphi na emva konyango ukuze ujonge ukuba i-ameloblastomas ezininzi zinokuphinda zibuye emva kweminyaka emininzi emva kotyando. Ukuba ziyaphinda zibuye, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango olutsha ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi emhlathini nasebusweni bakho.

Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela into omawuyilindele njengoko uphila emva kotyando. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ngoko nangoko ukuba unenye yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuba unomkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-101 Fahrenheit (38.3 Celsius).
• Ukuba unentlungu engapheliyo nokuba sele usele amayeza okudambisa iintlungu achazwe ngugqirha.
• Ukuba kukho ubomvu okanye ukudumba okungaphezulu kwenxeba kunokuba ubukulindele.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye uziva ngathi uyafuthaniseka.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

I-Ameloblastoma yimeko enzima yezonyango efuna utyando olukhulu. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuzibuza njengoko wena nogqirha wakho nixoxa ngonyango:

• Luhlobo luni lotyando ekufuneka ndilwenze?
• Kutheni ucebisa olo tyando?
• Ngaba kuza kufuneka ezinye iindlela zonyango ngaphandle kotyando ukuze kususwe ngokupheleleyo ithumba?
• Ngaba ndiza kufuna utyando lweplastiki okanye unyango lokuthetha?
• Ziziphi iingxaki okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho?
• Lithini ithuba lokuba le ameloblastoma ibuyele kwakhona?

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Xa sisiva igama elithi `benign`, sicinga ukuba ``ayinabungozi``. Kodwa nge-ameloblastoma, akulula kangako. Ukuba ayinyangwa, la mathumba anokonakalisa umhlathi wakho kunye nenxalenye yobuso. Kodwa, khumbula, kukho unyango olunokulawula la maqhuma. Buza ugqirha wakho ngohlobo lotyando alucebisayo ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwethumba kunye nempilo yakho. Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukukuchazela ukuba loluphi unyango olungcono lokususa ithumba kunye nokugcina izicubu ezinempilo kangangoko kunokwenzeka emhlathini wakho. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki ukumbuza imibuzo, kwaye ufumane yonke into echazwe. Hlala uphilile!

I- Ameloblastoma, iithumba zomhlathi, umhlaza womlomo, i-enamel yamazinyo, utyando lomhlathi, impilo yomlomo, iimpawu zomhlaza