Amehlo akho anombala onjani? (Umbala Wamehlo) Kutheni ufumene loo mbala? Masifumanise!

Ngaba wakha wajonga amehlo akho esipilini? Mhlawumbi uqaphele ukuba abahlobo bakho kunye namalungu osapho lwakho banamehlo anemibala eyahlukeneyo. Amanye anamehlo amdaka omnyama, amanye anamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, mhlawumbi amanye anamehlo aluhlaza. La mehlo afumana njani umbala wawo? Namhlanje, masithethe ngalo mbala wamehlo umangalisayo.

Amehlo afumana njani umbala wawo?

Ngamafutshane, umbala wamehlo akho umiselwa yi -iris, inxalenye yeliso ejikeleze umfundi omnyama embindini weliso lakho. Njengelensi yekhamera, le iris ilawula ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena kweliso.

Ngoku, esona sizathu sokuba le ndibanisela ifumane umbala wayo yipigment ebizwa ngokuba yi -'Melanin' . Ulusu lwakho nalo lufumana umbala walo ngenxa yale melanin. Xa kukho imelanin eninzi eluswini, ulusu luba mnyama, kwaye xa kukho imelanin encinci, ulusu luba mhlophe. Kunjalo nangamehlo.

Wonke umntu une-melanin ngasemva kwe-retina emehlweni akhe. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaneemeko ezithile, ezifana ne -albinism, banokuba ne-melanin encinci emehlweni abo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba une-melanin eninzi kwiileya zangaphambili nangasemva ze-iris yakho, unamehlo amdaka . Iingcali ngamanye amaxesha zibiza igama elithi iris ngokuthi ligama elisisininzi elithi irids. Abantu abanamehlo aluhlaza okanye aluhlaza bane-melanin encinci kwileya engaphambili ye-iris yabo kunabantu abanamehlo amdaka. Abantu abane-melanin encinci kakhulu okanye abangenayo kwileya engaphambili ye-iris yabo banamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye angwevu .

Zithini imibala eyahlukeneyo yala mehlo?

Enyanisweni, akukho mvumelwano phakathi kweengcali malunga nemibala ephambili yamehlo abantu abanokuba nayo. Imibala ekhoyo kwezinye iindidi isenokungabikho kwezinye. Nangona kunjalo, kukho eminye imibala ephambili yamehlo eyamkelwa ngokubanzi ngabantu abaninzi:

• Amehlo angwevu
• Amehlo aluhlaza
• Amahle oluhlaza
• Amehlo eHazel - Oku kungaba yindibaniselwano eluhlaza, igolide, okanye umdaka.
• Amehlo anombala ophuzi - Lo ngumbala otyheli wegolide.
• Amehlo amdaka - Oku kususela kumbala omdaka okhanyayo ukuya kumbala omdaka omdaka, phantse abe mnyama.

Khawucinge nje, nangona kukho le mibala isisiseko, indlela loo mibala ebonakala ngayo emehlweni ethu iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Akukho bantu babini abanombala wamehlo ofanayo. Kwanamawele afanayo anokuba nomahluko omncinci kumbala wamehlo.

Kutheni le mibala yamehlo yahlukile kangaka?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela oku:

• Ulwakhiwo lwe-Iris:Kusenokuba namabala amancinci, anzulu okanye imingxunya kumaleko ongaphambili we-cornea yakho. Oku kunokwenza ezinye iindawo zibonakale zimnyama kunezinye, njengamabala eluswini lwakho.
• Ukungaboni mbala kwiliso elinye okanye omabini: Abanye abantu banokubona imibala engaphezulu komnye kwiliso elinye okanye omabini. Lo mahluko unokuba yimithunzi eyahlukileyo yombala ofanayo. Okanye inxalenye engaphakathi ye-iris inokuba nombala omnye kwaye inxalenye engaphandle ibe yenye. Kunqabile kakhulu, abanye abantu banokuba neliso elinye elinombala owahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kunelinye. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi -heterochromia .
• Umbala wamehlo uyatshintsha ubomi bonke: Ubusazi na ukuba umbala wamehlo eentsana unokutshintsha ngaphambi kokuba zibe nonyaka omnye ubudala? Umbala wamehlo wabanye abantu nawo uyatshintsha kamva ebomini. Kwakhona, ezinye iimeko zonyango zinokubangela ukuba umbala wamehlo akho utshintshe.

Kutheni abantu abane-albinism benamehlo abomvu okanye apinki?

Abantu abane -albinism bane-melanin encinci kakhulu okanye abanayo kwaphela emehlweni abo. Xa bene-melanin encinci kakhulu kwi-iris yabo, amehlo abo anokubonakala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye engwevu. Nangona kunjalo, xa kungekho melanin kuyo nayiphi na imaleko ye-iris, imithambo yegazi kwi -retina yabo ibonakala ngokucacileyo. Yiyo loo nto amehlo abo ebonakala epinki okanye ebomvu.

Ngaba umbala wamehlo uyayichaphazela impilo yethu?

Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha umbala wamehlo akho unokutshintsha ngamayeza athile okanye iimeko zonyango . Ezinye zezi nguqu azinabungozi, kodwa ezinye zinokuba luphawu lwento enzulu. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• IiCataracts
• I-Glaucoma kunye namanye amayeza asetyenziselwa yona
• Isifo sikaHorner
• I-Arcus senilis (isangqa esimhlophe okanye esingwevu esijikeleze iliso elimnyama, ingakumbi xa umntu ekhula)

Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho unxibelelwano phakathi kombala wamehlo akho kunye nomngcipheko wakho wokufumana izifo ezithile. Umzekelo, abantu abanamehlo amdaka banokuba nomngcipheko ophezulu kancinci wokufumana i-cataracts. Kuthiwa abantu abanamehlo aluhlaza bayakwazi ukumelana neemeko zempilo yengqondo ezifana ne -seasonal affective disorder .

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ubona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kumbala wamehlo akho, okanye ukuba umbala wamehlo akho uyatshintsha emva kokwenzakala kweliso okanye ngotshintsho kwindlela obona ngayo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ingcali yokhathalelo lwamehlo. Bangakuxelela ukuba lufuna ingqalelo engaphezulu kunye nonyango.

Ngowuphi umbala wamehlo oqhelekileyo?

Umbala wamehlo oqhelekileyo ehlabathini ngumdaka . Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabemi behlabathi banamehlo amdaka. Ezinye iingcali zicinga ukuba umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomdaka ziintlobo ngeentlobo zombala ofanayo.

Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuba kukho imibala eyahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kombala omdaka. Amehlo amdaka anokwahluka ukusuka kumbala omdaka okhanyayo ukuya kumbala omdaka obumnyama. Kwamanye amehlo amdaka obumnyama, kunzima ukubona apho i-iris iphela khona kunye nendandatho emnyama iqala khona.

Ngowuphi umbala wamehlo onqabileyo?

Umbala oluhlaza ngowona unqabileyo kwimibala yamehlo ephambili, ngaphandle kwamehlo abomvu/pinki abangelwa ziimeko ezifana ne-albinism. Yi-2% kuphela yabemi behlabathi abanamehlo aluhlaza. Khawuthelekelele ukuba mancinci kangakanani loo mbala!

Ngaba bonke abantwana bazalwa benamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?

Hayi. Le yingcamango engaqhelekanga. Nangona kuqhelekile ukuba iintsana zizalwe zinamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ayinguye wonke umntu ozalwa enawo. Enyanisweni, uphando lwango-2016 lufumanise ukuba yi-20% kuphela yeentsana ezizalwa zinamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Olu phando lukwafumanise ukuba malunga ne-63% yeentsana zizalwa zinamehlo amdaka kwaye malunga ne-6% zizalwa zinamehlo aluhlaza. Ngoko ke, intetho ethi "lonke usana luzalwa lunamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" ayiyonyani ngokupheleleyo.

Utshintsha nini umbala wamehlo eentsana?

Ayingabo bonke abantwana abatshintsha umbala wamehlo, kodwa uninzi luyatshintsha. Ukuba umbala wamehlo womntwana wakho uyatshintsha, mhlawumbi uya kuyibona xa sele eneenyanga ezi-3 ubudala. Uninzi lombala wamehlo wabantwana lutshintsha ngokupheleleyo xa sele beneminyaka emalunga nemi-6 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ipesenti encinci kakhulu yabantwana inokuqhubeka nokutshintsha umbala wamehlo ukuya ebudaleni.

Abaphandi abenze uphando olukhankanyiweyo ngo-2016 baphinde bavavanya ama-73% abantwana abathathe inxaxheba kuphando lokuqala emva kweminyaka emibini. Olu phando lufumanise ukuba xa beneminyaka emi-2, ngumntwana omnye kwabathathu kuphela owayetshintshe umbala wamehlo abo.

Ngaba umntwana ufumana umbala wamehlo kubazali bakhe?

Ewe, kodwa asikuko nje umbala wamehlo wabazali ochaza oku. Izakhi zofuzo ezichaza umbala wamehlo ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Abaphandi ngoku bafumanise iizakhi zofuzo ezininzi kunye notshintsho lwe-DNA oluchaphazela umbala wamehlo.

Ngoko ke, nangona umbala wamehlo wabazali uyinto ebalulekileyo, asikuko kuphela obalulekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, umbala wamehlo unokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntwana unombala wamehlo owahlukileyo kunina noyise, kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi zaloo nto. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo.

Ngowuphi lo mbala weHazel?

Amehlo eHazel abangelwa kukuba ubungakanani be-melanin kwi-iris yakho buphantsi kunomntu onamehlo amdaka, kodwa buphezulu kunomntu onamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye aluhlaza. Amehlo eHazel adityaniswe nomdaka, igolide, okanye oluhlaza .Oku akusoloko kufana. Abanye abantu banemibala emibini kuphela emehlweni abo, ngelixa abanye benayo yonke emithathu. Olu mahluko phakathi kwabantu abanamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngumzekelo omhle wendlela umbala wamehlo owahlukileyo ngayo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Umbala wamehlo akho yinto eyahlukileyo kuwe ekwahlula kwabanye abantu emhlabeni. Ingatshintsha ubomi bakho bonke, kwaye ingakunika izikhokelo malunga nembali yakho kunye nookhokho bakho. Ukuqonda indlela umbala wamehlo osebenza ngayo ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yingcebiso kwiimeko zempilo okanye imiba yempilo.

Kulula ukubona ukuba umbala wamehlo womntu (okanye owakho) unomtsalane kangakanani, nokuba uthatha ixesha lokuwujonga ngasiphi na isizathu. Ngoko ke, nyamekela amehlo akho, kuba ayinxalenye yobuntu bakho.

Umbala wamehlo , i-melanin, iqela leenkwenkwezi, impilo yamehlo, amehlo omntwana, i-genetics, amehlo amdaka, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amehlo aluhlaza