Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi ukhupha igazi kumchamo wakho? Okanye ngaba utsha okanye uneentlungu xa uchama? Xa usiya kugqirha ngenxa yento efana nale, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukucele ukuba wenze uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Urine Cytology." Abanye abantu bayoyika kancinci xa besiva eli gama, kuba bayazibuza ukuba loluphi uhlobo lovavanyo kwaye iziphumo ziya kuba yintoni. Kodwa akukho sizathu sokoyika. Kulula kakhulu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba luyintoni olu vavanyo lwe-Urine Cytology, kutheni lwenziwa, kwaye yintoni esinokuyifunda kulo.
Yintoni i-Urine Cytology ngokulula?
Kulungile, masiqale sijonge intsingiselo yale gama. I-Cytology luphando lweeseli emzimbeni wethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, luphando lwemilo, ubungakanani, kunye nomahluko kwiiseli ngokuzijonga phantsi kwe-microscope. I-Urine Cytology luphando lweeseli kwisampulu yomchamo wakho ngale ndlela.
Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngugqirha ogxile kwi-cytology . Sibabiza ngokuba ziiCytopathologists. Bajonga iiseli ezikwisampuli yomchamo wakho phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze babone ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki, iiseli zomhlaza, okanye iiseli ezinokuba ngumhlaza.
Ngamafutshane, kufana nomcuphi okhangela "iiseli ezimbi" ezifihlwe phakathi kweeseli kwisampuli yomchamo wakho.
Yintoni enokufunyanwa lolu vavanyo?
Eyona njongo yolu vavanyo kukufumanisa umhlaza womchamo kwangethuba. Oogqirha basebenzisa olu vavanyo ikakhulu xa becinga ukuba kukho ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zomhlaza:
- Umhlaza wesinyi: Olu lolona hlobo lomhlaza oluxhaphakileyo.
- Umhlaza we-ureter: Umhlaza weetyhubhu ezibhityileyo ezithwala umchamo ukusuka kwizintso ukuya kwisinyi.
- Umhlaza we-urethra: Umhlaza wetyhubhu ethwala umchamo ukusuka kwisinyi ukuya ngaphandle komzimba.
- Umhlaza wezintso: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wezintso zinokufunyanwa ngolu vavanyo.
Ukongeza ekufumaneni ezi cancer, olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa nezifo ezithile zentsholongwane, ezifana ne-cytomegalovirus.
Ngaba i-Urine Cytology kunye ne-Urinalysis ziyafana?
Hayi. Kulapho abantu abaninzi badideka khona. I-Urine Cytology kunye ne-Urinalysis (oko sikubiza ngokuba yi-'ingxelo yomchamo') ziimvavanyo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Nangona zombini zisebenzisa isampuli yomchamo wakho, iinjongo zazo zahlukile ngokupheleleyo.
Makhe sijonge le theyibhile ukuze siqonde ngokucacileyo umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
| Ingongoma | Uvavanyo lweCytology yomchamo | Uvavanyo lomchamo (uvavanyo lomchamo oluqhelekileyo) |
|---|---|---|
| Injongo ephambili | Ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo iiseli zomhlaza okanye iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kwisampulu yomchamo. | Ukujonga imeko yomchamo ngokubanzi. Umzekelo, ukufumana izikhokelo malunga nosulelo (UTI), isifo sezintso, isifo seswekile, njl. |
| Ujonga ntoni? | Izinto ezifana nemilo, ubungakanani, kunye nenucleus yeeseli zihlolwa nzulu phantsi kwe-microscope. | Umchamo ujongwa umbala, ukucaca, iswekile (iglucose), iiproteni, iiseli zegazi, kunye neeseli zobomvu. |
| Ngubani owenza loo nto? | Ugqirha ogxile kwi-cytology (Cytopathologist). | Ngokwesiqhelo kwenziwa yingcali yetekhnoloji yelebhu. |
| Uyenza nini? | Kuphela xa kukho ukurhanelwa okuthile komhlaza. | Idla ngokwenziwa njengovavanyo lwempilo oluqhelekileyo okanye xa kukho iimpawu. |
Ngaba uyawuqonda umahluko ngoku? Uvavanyo lomchamo luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo. I-Urine Cytology luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olukhangela into enzulu necacileyo.
Kutheni ugqirha angakucela ukuba wenze olu vavanyo?
Kusenokuba nezizathu ezininzi zokuba ugqirha wakho angacebisa uvavanyo lwe-urine cytology.
- Igazi kumchamo (iHematuria): Le yeyona nto iphambili. Ukuba kukho igazi kumchamo, olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela.
- Intlungu okanye ukutsha xa uchama: Ukuba kukho intlungu okanye ukutsha okungapheliyo.
- Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yomchamo (UTIs): Ngamanye amaxesha, khangela ukuba kukho na esinye isizathu sosulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yomchamo.
- Ukulandelela emva konyango lomhlaza: Ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza wesinyi ngaphambili waza wafumana unyango, olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na.
Kodwa khumbula into enye. Ukuba olu vavanyo alufumani iiseli zomhlaza akuthethi ukuba awunayo i-100% yomhlaza. Ke ngoko, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba wenze ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi (umz., i-cystoscopy, i-CT scan) kunye nolu vavanyo.
Ndilungiselela njani uvavanyo kwaye ndibonelele ngesampulu?
Le yinkqubo elula kakhulu, kodwa kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zilungiswe.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyazi ngaphambi kovavanyo!
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Musa ukunika isampuli yakho yokuqala yomchamo kusasa kolu vavanyo. Isizathu kukuba iiseli ezikumchamo ebezihleli kwisinyi sakho ubusuku bonke zinokuqhekeka kwaye ziqhekeke. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kugqirha oselebhu ukuchonga iiseli. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukunika isampuli yomchamo owukhuphe into yokuqala kusasa uze unike isampuli yomchamo owukhuphe okwesibini okanye okwesithathu ngosuku.
Indlela yokunika isampulu (indlela yokucoca i-Clean Catch)
Ilebhu iza kukunika ibhotile ekhethekileyo (isitya esingenazintsholongwane) yokwenza oku. Basenokukunika nesisombululo sokucoca kunye neewipes. Landela la manyathelo ngaphambi kokuba unike isampuli.
1. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.
2. Coca indawo yangasese: Coca indawo yangasese kakuhle ngee-wipes ezibonelelwe yilebhu okanye ngamanzi acocekileyo. Oku kwenzelwa ukuthintela iintsholongwane ezivela kulusu olungaphandle ukuba zingangeni kwisampuli.
3. Qala ukuchama: Okokuqala, galela umchamo kwindlu yangasese.
4. Qokelela isampuli: Emva koko, ngaphandle kokuma ukuze uchame, bamba ibhotile enikwe yilebhu kumjelo womchamo uze uqokelele ubungakanani obufunekayo (ngesiqhelo malunga nesiqingatha sebhotile).
5. Khupha okuseleyo: Susa ibhotile uze ukhuphele umchamo oseleyo kwindlu yangasese.
6. Vala ibhotile ngokuqinileyo uze uyinike: Vala ibhotile ngokuqinileyo, ungayichukumisi ngaphakathi, uze uyinike ilebhu ngokukhawuleza.
Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba isigulane asikwazi ukubonelela ngesampuli ngokwaso okanye ngenxa yezinye izizathu, ugqirha unokufuna ukufaka i-catheter , ityhubhu encinci efakwe kwi-urethra, ukuze athathe isampuli kwisinyi. Kwakhona, i-CystoscopyIsampulu efana nale ingathathwa ngexesha le-biopsy yesinyi (uvavanyo lwesinyi ngekhamera).
Kwenzeka ntoni kwisampuli yomchamo wakho kwilebhu?
Emva kokuba unikezele ngesampulu, amanyathelo aliqela ayenzeka kwilebhu.
- Ukulungiselela isampuli: Okokuqala, isampuli yakho yomchamo ifakwa kumatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-centrifuge . Oku kujikelezisa isampuli yomchamo ngesantya esiphezulu, ngendlela umatshini wokuhlamba ojikelezisa ngayo impahla ukuze ususe amanzi, wahlukanise iiseli kulwelo.
- Ukudaya kunye nokufaka idayi kwislayidi yeglasi: Iiseli ezahluliweyo emva koko zisasazwa kwislayidi yeglasi (islayidi yemicroscope) kwaye zidaywe kusetyenziswa iidayi ezikhethekileyo (amabala). Oku kudibanisa kuvumela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ukuba zichongwe ngokucacileyo xa zijongwa ngemakroskopu.
- Uvavanyo lweMicroskopu: Kulapho iCytopathologist iqala khona umsebenzi wayo. Ubeka esi silayidi silungisiweyo phantsi kwemicroskopu aze ahlole ngononophelo iiseli nganye nganye. Unika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekubeni kukho iiseli ezahlukileyo kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo, ezineemilo ezingaqhelekanga, okanye ezineenuclei ezinkulu.
- Ukulungiselela ingxelo: Emva kolu vavanyo, ugqirha uza kulungiselela ingxelo ngokusekelwe koko akubonileyo aze ayithumele kugqirha okunyangayo.
Zithini izinto ezikule ngxelo kwaye zithetha ukuthini?
Kunokubakho amagama ahlukeneyo kwingxelo yakho. Musa ukoyika xa uwabona. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela onke. Kodwa makhe sijonge izinto ezinokubonakala kwingxelo kunye neentsingiselo zazo ezilula.
| Oko kunokuthethwa kwingxelo | Intsingiselo elula |
|---|---|
| Isampuli enganelisiyo | Kuthetha ukuba bekungekho ziseli zaneleyo kwisampulu zokuvavanya. Kwimeko ezinjalo, kunokufuneka unike enye isampulu. |
| Ayilunganga kwi-urothelial carcinoma ephezulu | Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi. Akukho ziseli zomhlaza okanye iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezikrokrisayo ezifunyenweyo kwisampulu. |
| Iiseli ze-urothelial ezingaqhelekanga | Kukho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kwisampulu, kodwa azitshintshanga ngokwaneleyo ukuba zibe ziiseli zomhlaza ngokuqinisekileyo. Oku kusenokuba ngenxa yento efana nosulelo. |
| Kuyakrokreleka ukuba kukho umhlaza we-urothelial okwinqanaba eliphezulu | Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezifunyenwe kwisampuli zinamathuba aphezulu okuba ziiseli zomhlaza. |
| Ilungile kwi-urothelial carcinoma ekumgangatho ophezulu | Kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zifunyenwe ngokuqinisekileyo kwisampulu. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Nokuba yintoni na isiphumo sengxelo ye-Urine Cytology, yona yodwa ayenzi sigqibo sokugqibela malunga nokuba kukho umhlaza okanye hayi. Ingakumbi ukuba isiphumo 'singaqhelekanga' okanye 'sirhaneleka', ugqirha wakho ngokuqinisekileyo uya kwenza iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ezifana neCystoscopy okanye i-CT scan ukuqinisekisa imeko. Ngoko ke, musa ukoyika emva kokubona ingxelo.
Ichaneke kangakanani uvavanyo lwe-urine cytology?
Ukuchaneka kolu vavanyo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza olufunyenweyo.
- Iithumba ezikumgangatho ophezulu: Ezi ziintlobo zomhlaza ezikhula ngokukhawuleza nezinobundlongondlongo. I-urine cytology ichanekile malunga ne-95% ekufumaneni ezi zifo.
- Iithumba ezikumgangatho ophantsi: Ezi ziintlobo zomhlaza ezikhula kancinci, ezingabangeli mdla kangako. Olu vavanyo alusebenzi kakuhle ekufumaneni ezi zifo. Ukuchaneka kwazo kunokusukela kwi-10% ukuya kwi-50%. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba umhlaza onjalo ukhona, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ungafumaneki kwingxelo (ubuxoki-obungeyonyani).
Yiyo loo nto oogqirha bengaxhomekeki kuvavanyo olunye kuphela.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Urine Cytology ayilulo uvavanyo lomchamo oluqhelekileyo (uvavanyo lomchamo). Luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olujonga iiseli zomhlaza okanye iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kumchamo.
- Xa unika isampuli yolu vavanyo, musa ukunika isampuli yomchamo yokuqala oyifumeneyo kusasa.
- Nokuba iziphumo zovavanyo zithini na, asikuko ukuxilongwa kokugqibela. Ugqirha wakho usenokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa oko.
- Olu vavanyo lusebenza kakhulu ekufumaneni umhlaza okhula ngokukhawuleza (okumgangatho ophezulu).
- Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nengxelo yovavanyo okanye amanyathelo alandelayo, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha naye ngokukhululekileyo.
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