Ngaba uhlala uziva ngathi unendawo erhawuzelelwayo nenamaqhuqhuva ejikeleze i-anus yakho? Abantu abaninzi baneentloni kancinci ukuthetha ngezi zinto, kwaye oko kuqhelekile. Kodwa ukuzazi ezi mpawu nokungazinaki kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yakho. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko abantu abaninzi abangazange bayive, kodwa kubalulekile ukuyazi. Yi-Anal Dysplasia leyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Anal Dysplasia?
Musa ukoyika xa usiva igama elithi Anal Dysplasia. Asingomhlaza. Kodwa, ngokufutshane, lutshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwiiseli ezikwi-anus yakho. Olu tshintsho lunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza we-anal kwixesha elizayo. Ke ngoko, lunokubizwa ngokuba "luphawu olungaphambili" okanye "uphawu lwesilumkiso" lomhlaza.
Cinga ngayo ngokungathi kukho umngxuma omncinci eludongeni. Loo mngxuma awuthethi ukuba udonga luwile. Kodwa luphawu lokuba kufuneka uyinike ingqalelo kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afunekayo. I-Anal Dysplasia yenye yezinto ezinjalo.
Abaphandi bezonyango bakholelwa ukuba unobangela oyintloko wale meko yiHuman Papillomavirus, okanye ezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane yeHPV esizaziyo sonke. Abantu abaneHIV nabo basengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba ukufumana i-HPV vaccine kunye nokuzikhusela kwi-HPV kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba ne-Anal Dysplasia.
Le meko iwuchaphazela njani umzimba?
I-Anal Dysplasia iqala kwi-line emanzi ye-anus yakho. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-mucosa. Kule meko, iiseli eziphilileyo kule line zijika zibe ziiseli ezingaqhelekanga kancinci kancinci. Ezi seli ezingaqhelekanga zihlala zikhula apho i-anus idibana khona ne-rectum. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokukhula nakwisikhumba esingaphandle kwe-anus (ulusu lwe-perianal).
Amaxesha amaninzi, le meko ayibangeli zimpawu zithile, kodwa abanye abantu banokufumana izinto ezifana nezi:
- Ukurhawuzelela okungapheliyo nokunganyamezelekiyo okujikeleze i-anus.
- Xa uyichukumisa ngomnwe wakho, kuvakala ngathi ubambe into efana neqhuma elincinci okanye ithumba.
- Abanye abantu bakhula iintsumpa ezijikeleze i-anus. Ezi ntsumpa azinawo umhlaza, kodwa ziluphawu losulelo lwe-HPV.
Oogqirha babiza le meko ngokuthi yi-Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN) okanye i-Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SILs). Yahlulwe kakhulu yangamahlelo amabini. Ifunyanwa ngokuhlola iiseli phantsi kwe-microscope.
| Inqanaba lomgangatho (iBanga) | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-SIL ekumgangatho ophantsi (LSIL) (Inqanaba lomngcipheko eliphantsi) | Kule nqanaba, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zifana kakhulu neeseli eziphilileyo. Le meko idla ngokuziphelela ngaphandle konyango. Umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza uphantsi kakhulu. |
| I-SIL ekumgangatho ophezulu (i-HSIL) (Inqanaba lomngcipheko ophezulu) | Kule nqanaba, iiseli zibonakala zingaqhelekanga ngokucacileyo. Le meko ayinakwenzeka ukuba iphucuke ngaphandle konyango. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuba ayinyangwa, kukho umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza we-rectal. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-low-grade (LSIL) ayiguquki ibe ngumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, i-high-grade (HSIL) yinto ekufuneka ixhalatyelwe.
Uphando lwakutshanje lufumanise ukuba phakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-14% yabantu abanomhlaza wempundu okwinqanaba eliphezulu (HSIL) baya kukhula. Nangona kunjalo, lo mngcipheko uyahluka kumntu nomntu. Umzekelo, abantu abane-HIV abane-anal dysplasia basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza.
Ziziphi izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-Anal Dysplasia?
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela ukuba le meko ingenzeki. Nazi:
- Usulelo oluneentlobo ezithile zentsholongwane ye-HPV: Le yeyona nto iphambili.
- Ukuba neentlobano zesini empundu: Nokuba kusetyenziswa iikhondom, kukho umngcipheko wokuba intsholongwane yeHPV inokudluliselwa kwiindawo zesikhumba ezingagqunywanga yikhondom.
- Ukosulelwa yintsholongwane kaGawulayo: Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, inciphisa amandla ayo okulwa nosulelo lwe-HPV.
- Ukutshaya: Iikhemikhali ezikwicuba zonakalisa iiseli zomzimba kwaye zonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza.
- Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka: Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba zokuzikhusela ezibuthathaka ngenxa yamayeza athile (umz., amayeza anikwa emva kokufakelwa amalungu omzimba) okanye ezinye iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba nabo basengozini enkulu.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le meko?
Ukuba unale mpawu, ugqirha wakho usenokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo oluthile ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo na le meko. Musa ukuba neentloni okanye ukoyika oku. Olu luvavanyo lwezonyango oluqhelekileyo.
| Indlela yovavanyo | Ngamafutshane, wenza ntoni ngale nto? |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lweDijithali lweRectal | Ugqirha uza kusebenzisa umnwe ogqunywe ngeglavu ukujonga i-rectum yakho aze ajonge ukuba akukho maqhuqhuva okanye amaqhuqhuva. |
| I-Anal Pap Smear | Kufana novavanyo lwePap, olusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. I-swab ifakwa kwi-rectum ukuze kuthathwe isampuli yeeseli, ezithi emva koko zihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga na. |
| I-Anoscopy | Isixhobo esincinci esifana netyhubhu (i-anoscope) sifakwa kwi-anus ukuze kujongwe ngqo kwizicubu ezingaphakathi ukuze kubonakale iingxaki. Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa ulwelo olukhethekileyo ukwenza iindawo ezineeseli ezingaqhelekanga zibonakale ngokucacileyo (i-High-Resolution Anoscopy). |
| I-Biopsy | Ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukurhanelwa kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu kuloo ndawo lithunyelwe kwilabhoratri ukuze livavanywe. Le yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokuqinisekisa nge-100% ukuba yi-Anal Dysplasia okanye ngumhlaza. |
| Iskena se-CT | Olu vavanyo lwenziwa kuphela xa uvavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na kwamanye amalungu omzimba. |
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke ekubeni une-dysplasia engakanani na (ekumgangatho ophantsi okanye ophezulu).
- Inqanaba eliphantsi (LSIL): Kwiimeko ezininzi, ugqirha akayi kuyinyanga le meko kwaye uya kuyijonga nje okwethutyana, njengoko ezi zinto zihlala ziphela ngokwazo.
- Inqanaba eliphezulu (HSIL): Oku kunokuba ngumhlaza kwixesha elizayo, ngoko ke unyango luyafuneka ukususa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza oku.
Ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha unyango olukufaneleyo kwaye oluneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa. Uza kukuchazela kakuhle. Akukho nto yokoyika. Ezinye zeendlela zonyango zezi:
- Unyango lweLaser: Ukusebenzisa imisebe yelaser ukutshabalalisa izicubu ezineeseli ezingaqhelekanga.
- I-Electrocautery (EC): Ukususwa kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga kusetyenziswa isixhobo sombane.
- I-TCA (i-Trichloroacetic acid): Uhlobo oluthile lwe-asidi lufakwa kwibhola yekotoni kwaye lufakwe kwiindawo apho kukho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, zitshabalalise.
- Utyando: Kwezinye iimeko, indawo enezicubu ezingaqhelekanga isuswa ngotyando.
Singenza ntoni ukunciphisa umngcipheko?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nesebenzayo yokuthintela le meko kukuzikhusela kwintsholongwane ye-HPV ebangela le meko. Zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukuze wenze oku:
- Ukufumana isitofu se-HPV: Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela usulelo lwe-HPV. Ukufumana isitofu kunokukhusela kwi-anal dysplasia kunye neminye imihlaza enxulumene ne-HPV, efana nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
- Iindlela zesondo ezikhuselekileyo: Ukusebenzisa ikhondom ngokuchanekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha xa usabelana ngesondo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo, kuquka ne-HPV.
- Ukunciphisa inani lamaqabane esondo: Umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HPV uyanda ngenani lamaqabane.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukuba uyatshaya, ukuyeka ukutshaya kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yakho iyonke kwaye kunciphise lo mngcipheko.
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango: Ukuba uwela kwelinye lamaqela asemngciphekweni akhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla (umz., ukuba une-HIV), thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuhlolwa kwesi sifo.
Ufika nini kugqirha
Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, ungabi nantloni kwaye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukurhawuzelela okungapheliyo kwimpundu.
- Ukuba uziva iqhuma okanye ithumba kuloo ndawo.
- Ukuba unentlungu emqolo.
- Ukuba kukho ukopha kwindle okanye ngamanye amaxesha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-anal dysplasia ayisiyo umhlaza.Kodwa sisilumkiso sokuba umhlaza usenokuvela kwixesha elizayo.
- Eyona nto ibangela oku yintsholongwane ye-HPV. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana i-HPV vaccine kunye nokwenza izenzo zesondo ezikhuselekileyo.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokurhawuzelelwa, amaqhuma, okanye iintlungu kwi-rectum yakho , ungabi nantloni okanye ulibazise ukubona ugqirha. Okukhona ifunyaniswa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kulula ukuyinyanga.
- I-Low-grade (LSIL) idla ngokuba ngcono ngokwayo. I-High-grade (HSIL) inonyango oluphumelelayo.
- Ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngemiba yezempilo efana nale nokwazi ngayo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlala usempilweni.
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