Ingaba uneqhubu entanyeni yakho? Masifunde ngohlobo oluyingozi lomhlaza we-thyroid? (Umhlaza we-Anaplastic Thyroid - ATC)

Ngaba wakha waziva iqhuma elingaphambili entanyeni yakho? Okanye ngaba kukho umntu omaziyo owakha waziva? Ngamanye amaxesha ungazihoyi ezi zinto. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lomhlaza we-thyroid olubi kancinci, kodwa olungaqhelekanga. Lubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)` okanye `(ATC)`. Oku kusenokuvakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kodwa masikwenze kube lula, kulungile?

Yintoni i-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC)?

Ngamafutshane, `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)` okanye `(ATC)` luhlobo lomhlaza olusasazeka ngokukhawuleza nolunobundlongondlongo oluvela kwi-thyroid gland yethu. Ubusazi, i-`(thyroid)` ggland yi-gland encinci efana nebhabhathane ebekwe ngaphambili entanyeni yakho, phantsi nje kolusu. Yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-`(endocrine system)` yomzimba wethu, oko kukuthi, inkqubo evelisa iihomoni. Iihomoni eziveliswa yile `(thyroid)` zinceda ukulawula imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni.

Le `(ATC)` ikwabizwa ngokuba yi `(umhlaza we-thyroid ongachazwanga)`. Isizathu soku kukuba ezi seli zomhlaza azibonakali kwaye aziziphathi njengeeseli ze-thyroid ezisempilweni. Zahlukile ngokupheleleyo kwaye kube nzima ukuzibona. Ngenxa yobunzima kunye nokukhawuleza kwalo mhlaza, i-American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) eyenza izigqibo malunga nomhlaza ihlala iwujonga lo `(ATC)` njengomhlaza we`(Stage IV)`. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokuba phambili kakhulu xa ufunyaniswa.

Ngubani onokuthi abe nomhlaza we-``(ATC)``?

Umhlaza we-Anaplastic Thyroid udla ngokufunyanwa kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala. Kukwafunyaniswe ukuba abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okufumana lo mhlaza kunamadoda.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Umhlaza we-Anaplastic Thyroid ngokwenene luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga kakhulu . Lubandakanya malunga ne-2% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid. Khawucinge nje, nakwilizwe elifana neMelika, ngumntu omnye okanye ababini kuphela kwisigidi abafunyaniswa benale sifo minyaka le. Ngoko ke, esi asisosifo sichaphazela abantu abaninzi.

Ikhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani i-`(ATC)`?

Le yeyona ngxaki inkulu ngalo mhlaza. Umhlaza we-Anaplastic Thyroid luhlobo lomhlaza olukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu nolunobundlongondlongo . Ngamanye amaxesha lunokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwiiveki ezimbalwa luze lusasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Khawucinge nje, malunga nama-50% abantu abanale ``(ATC)``, ngexesha isifo sifunyanwa, umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba kwaye ``usususwe`` . Ngokuqhelekileyo, umhlaza usasazeka ngale ndlela kwizitho ezifana ``(imiphunga)``, ``(amathambo)``, kunye ``(ingqondo).

Zithini iimpawu ze-`(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)`?

Imeko ethi ``Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer`` idla ngokubonakala kuqala.Ithumba okanye iqhuma elenzeka ngaphambili entanyeni, kufutshane ne-thyroid gland.

Ezi thumba "(ATC)" zikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngoko ke zinokubonwa lula ngumguli, usapho lwakhe, kunye nabahlobo bakhe. Xa uchukumisa eli thumba, ungaziva unzima kwaye ubuhlungu kancinci .

Njengoko eli thumba likhula, liqala ukucinezela kwezinye iindawo zentamo (ezifana nombhobho womoya, umphimbo). Iimpawu ezinje ngezi zinokwenzeka:

• Ubunzima bokuginya (dysphagia)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
• Ukurhawuzela okanye ukutshintsha kwelizwi
• Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo
• Ukukhubazeka kwentambo yelizwi

Abantu abanomhlaza osasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba banokufumana ezinye iimpawu kunye nezi mpawu. Umzekelo:

• Intlungu yethambo
• Ukudumba kwamalungu (amaqhuma)
• Ubuthathaka bomzimba
• Iingxaki zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (umz., iintloko ezibuhlungu, ukuxhuzula)

Yintoni ebangela umhlaza we-Anaplastic Thyroid?

Inyaniso kukuba, izazinzulu azikayazi kakuhle into ebangela i-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC). Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, abantu abanezinye iintlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid (ezifana nomhlaza we-papillary okanye we-follicular thyroid) banokuhlakulela i-ATC ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kwakhona, malunga nama-80% ezigulane ezine-"ATC", lo mhlaza uvela kwi-"goiter" ende (i-thyroid gland ekhulisiweyo) . Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho olunye uhlobo lomhlaza we-thyroid olungakhange lufunyanwe ngaphambili.

Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)`?

Oogqirha badla ngokwenza i-fine needle aspiration (FNA) okanye i-needle biopsy ukuze bafumanise umhlaza we-thyroid ongekho emzimbeni (ATC). Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci kakhulu yezicubu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy, kwiqhuma elisentanyeni yakho besebenzisa inaliti encinci kakhulu . Emva koko ingcali yezifo ijonga isampuli yezicubu phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba inazo na iiseli zomhlaza, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza we-thyroid.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha angacebisa "i-core biopsy", eyenziwa ngenaliti enkulu kancinci.

Nje ukuba i-ATC iqinisekisiwe, iqela lakho lezonyango liza ku-odola ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yakho iyonke kwaye kuchongwe ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na. Oku kungabandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi kunye novavanyo lwemifanekiso, olufana:

• "Iskeni ye-CT (computed tomography)"
• ``Iskeni se-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)''
• ``Iskeni se-F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)''

Ngenxa yobundlobongela balo mhlaza, bonke abantu abane-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer bathathwa njengabaguli beSigaba sesi-4 . Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintlobo ezintathu:

• Isigaba se-IVA : (ATC) sifumaneka kuphela kwi-thyroid gland. Malunga ne-10% yezigulana ezifunyenweyo zingena kolu luhlu.
• Inqanaba le-IVB : (ATC) Njengakwi-thyroid gland, umhlaza usasazeke waya entanyeni (ngokufuthi ukuya kwi-lymph nodes) kodwa awusasazeki kwiindawo ezikude emzimbeni. Malunga nama-40% ezigulana ziwela kolu didi.
• Inqanaba le-IVC : (ATC) Ukongeza kwi-thyroid gland, umhlaza usasazeke nakwezinye iindawo ezikude emzimbeni (umz., amathambo, imiphunga, ubuchopho). Malunga nama-50% ezigulana zineli nqanaba.

Iphathwa njani i-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer?

Inyaniso kukuba, `(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer - ATC)` ngumhlaza onzima kakhulu ukuwunyanga . Isizathu kukuba unamandla kakhulu kwaye ungasasazeka ngokukhawuleza, ngaphakathi entanyeni nakwiindawo ezikude zomzimba (ezifana nemiphunga, amathambo, kunye nengqondo).

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala unyango ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufune unyango koogqirha abanamava okunyanga `(ATC)`.

Xa kunyangwa i-ATC, iqela loogqirha elinamacandelo amaninzi lisebenza kunye. Eli qela lidla ngokuquka ezi ngcali zilandelayo:

• Iingcali ze-Endocrinologists
• Iingcali zomhlaza zonyango
• Iingcali zomhlaza wemitha
• Oogqirha botyando

Unyango lwe-`(ATC)` ludla ngokuqulatha indibaniselwano yezi zinto:

• Utyando
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango ngamakhemikhali
• Ukhathalelo lokudambisa iintlungu (ukhathalelo lokunciphisa iimpawu)

Utyando lwe-`(ATC)`

Ukuba une-`(ATC)`, iqela lakho lezonyango lisenokucebisa utyando lokususa ithumba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo, utyando lunokuba yingozi.

Eyona nkqubo yotyando ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswa kunyango lwe-ATC kukwenza utyando olususa amaqhuqhuva emzimbeni . Oku kuquka ukususa uninzi lwethumba elinomhlaza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ingakumbi xa uzama ukukhusela i-larynx yakho (inxalenye yebhokisi yakho yelizwi) ngelixa ususa naziphi na iindawo ezinokuba yingozi kwindlela yakho yomoya.

Kodwa, okubuhlungu kukuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, utyando lusenokungenzeki kuba ithumba likhulu kakhulu, indawo elikuyo, nendlela elisasazeke ngayo.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi oku: Kukwakho neengxelo zezigulana eziye zasinda iminyaka eliqela emva kokufumana indibaniselwano enamandla yemisebe kunye ne-chemotherapy (ATC) nangona utyando belungafumaneki.

Unyango lwemitha lwe-`(ATC)`

Unyango ngemitha lunyango olusebenzisa imisebe yamandla enamandla (imitha) ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzithintela ekukhuleni kwazo.

Ukuba une-ATC, iqela lakho lezonyango lisenokucebisa uhlobo oluthile lonyango lwemitha olubizwa ngokuba yi-External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT). Oku kubandakanya ukujolisa ngokuchanekileyo ii-X-ray kwiindawo ezifuna unyango (ngokuqhelekileyo ithumba ngokwalo okanye umhlaza osasazeke emathanjeni okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba).

Unyango lwe-chemotherapy lwe-`(ATC)`

I-Chemotherapy luhlobo lonyango lomhlaza olutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kwaye luthintele ukuba zingaphindaphindani.

Ukuba une-ATC, iqela lakho lezonyango linokucebisa i-chemotherapy njengonyango olongezelelweyo emva kotyando okanye unyango lwe-radiation ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo. I-Chemotherapy, ingakumbi i-ATC, inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle konyango lwe-radiation. Oku kuthetha ukuba ingenza umhlaza ube novelwano ngakumbi kwi-radiation, okanye yenze unyango lwe-radiation lusebenze ngakumbi.

Amayeza amatsha e-chemotherapy abonakalise iziphumo ezithembisayo ekunyangeni eminye imidla yomhlaza eqatha ngoku afumaneka kumhlaza we-thyroid oqatha. Nangona la mayeza engenakuyinyanga ngokupheleleyo imidla yomhlaza eqatha esasazeke emzimbeni wonke, anokucothisa okanye alawule ukukhula komhlaza ngandlela thile.

Amanye amayeza e-chemotherapy asetyenziselwa umhlaza we-thyroid zezi:

• IiTaxanes (umz., i-paclitaxel okanye i-docetaxel)
• Ii-Anthracyclines (umz. i-doxorubicin)
• Ii-analog zeplatinum (umz. i-cisplatin okanye i-carboplatin)

Ukhathalelo lwe-Palliative kwi-(ATC)

Unyango lokudambisa intlungu luhlobo lonyango olunciphisa iintlungu, iimpawu, kunye noxinzelelo olubangelwa kukugula kakhulu.

Ukuba une-`(ATC)`, iqela lakho lezonyango linokucebisa olu nyango lokhathalelo lokudambisa iintlungu ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-`(ATC)` kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango.

Unyango lokudambisa iintlungu (ATC) lungabandakanya:

• I-Tracheostomy (ukufaka ityhubhu emqaleni ukunceda ekuphefumleni)
• Ukufakwa kombhobho esiswini ukuze kuncedwe (umbhobho we-gastrostomy okanye i-G-tube)
• Ukunika iintlungu zokuphelisa iintlungu

Oogqirha banikezela ngonyango lokuthomalalisa umhlaza ngexesha elinye xa benyanga umhlaza. Unyango lokuthomalalisa umhlaza aluthethi ukuba unyango lomhlaza aluyi kuphumelela.

Ngaba umhlaza we-Anaplastic Thyroid unganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ngelishwa, njengezinye iintlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid, umhlaza we-thyroid ongenaplastiki awunakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando. Kwanokususwa kwe-thyroid, okususa yonke i-thyroid gland, akwandisi ubomi bezigulana ezine-ATC.

Ngaba umhlaza we-Anaplastic Thyroid ungathintelwa?

Okubuhlungu kukuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho ndlela yokuthintela i-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC).

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufunyaniswe une-goiter okanye i-thyroid nodule engenamhlaza (engengomhlaza), kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe impilo yakho ye-thyroid rhoqo ngugqirha. I-ATC ngamanye amaxesha inokuvela kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid okanye kwi-goiter.

Ukuba ndine-`(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)`, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Njengaye wonke umntu, imeko nganye ye-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC) yahlukile. Kunjalo nangeempendulo zonyango. Ngenxa yendlela i-ATC ebukeka ngayo, kunzima ukuqikelela ikamva ngokuchanekileyo .

Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu zifumana unyango olutsha yonke imihla lokunyanga umhlaza we-thyroid oqhubele phambili, kuquka (ATC). Nangona unyango lunokuba nzima, kubalulekile ukuba ungalahli ithemba xa isifo siqala ukufunyaniswa .

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana neqela loogqirha abanamava kwi-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Ukuba awukwazi ukuya esibhedlele esikhulu esinoogqirha abanamava kwi-ATC, cela oogqirha basekuhlaleni ukuba basebenzisane neengcali kwezo ziko zinamava ukuze baphuhlise isicwangciso sakho sonyango.

Kubalulekile nokuqonda iingozi kunye neenzuzo zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Kufuneka uthethe ngokwakho, kwaye ufumane inkxaso kusapho nakubahlobo.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda kwe-`(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)`?

Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokusinda kwi-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC) ziinyanga ezintlanu ukuya kwezintandathu emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba unayo. Ngaphantsi kwama-20% abantu abane-ATC abasindayo kunyaka emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba unayo .

Nangona ezi zibalo zinokuba ziyoyikisa kancinci, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kukho abantu abaye baphila iminyaka eliqela emva konyango lwe-`(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)`.

Iyintoni i-prognosis ye-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer?

Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza we-thyroid obangelwa yi-anaplastic udla ngokuba nzima kwaye akukho ndlela zonyango zisebenzayo, ingqikelelo yokuba isifo singaba naso idla ngokuba mbi .

Uninzi lwabantu abane-ATC bayafa kungekapheli nonyaka, nokuba kukuvaleka kwendlela yomoya ngenxa yesi sifo okanye ngenxa yeengxaki ezibangelwa kukusasazwa komhlaza emiphungeni (pulmonary metastases).

Nangona kunjalo, izigulane ezine-``(ATC)``` ezinezi zinto zinokuba nembono engcono kancinci:

• Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala.
• Ithumba likwicala elinye kuphela le-thyroid gland (ithumba elisecaleni elinye).
• Ubungakanani bethumba elinomhlaza bungaphantsi kweesentimitha ezi-5 (5 cm).
• Umhlaza awukasasazeki kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes okanye kwiindawo ezikude.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ukuba ndine-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer?

Ukuba unomhlaza we-thyroid ongenaplastiki, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzinyamekela kukuba nokuqonda okucacileyo malunga nemeko yakho. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungalindela ntoni ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho ethile.

Ezi azilula kuwe okanye kugqirha wakho, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho angakunceda uqonde okwenzekayo emzimbeni wakho kunye noko kunokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo. Banokukunceda ucinge ngeendlela onokukhetha kuzo kwaye bacebise ngezixhobo ezinokukunceda.

Ukuba ndinomhlaza we-Anaplastic Thyroid, ngaba ndifanele ndicinge ngononophelo lwe-hospice?

Ukhathalelo lwe-hospice lukhathalelo olunceda abantu abanezifo ezinzulu nezithintela ubomi babo ukuba baphile imihla yabo yokugqibela bekhululekile, benesidima, belawula kwaye benomgangatho wobomi.

Xa abantu belwa nesifo esinzulu, ixesha namandla abo ahlala egxile kunyango. Xa becinga ngonyango lwe-hospice, loo ngqwalasela ayitshintshi kwesi sifo kodwa ijolise kwindlela abafuna ukuchitha ngayo ixesha labo. Abantu abaninzi bagqiba ekubeni bafune unyango lwe-hospice emva kokuthetha ngalo nogqirha wabo, usapho, kunye nabanye abantu ababathandayo. Ukuba ucinga ngonyango lwe-hospice, cela ugqirha wakho akuncede ufumane ulwazi kunye nezixhobo.

Ukufunyanwa unomhlaza, nokuba loluphi uhlobo, kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. Njengoko kukho umngcipheko omkhulu womhlaza we-thyroid ongenaplastiki, kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo kakhulu. Nangona ukunyanga umhlaza we-thyroid ongenaplastiki (ATC) kunokuba nzima, kubalulekile ukuba ungalahli ithemba xa ufunyaniswa okokuqala. Ukuba unengxaki yokucinga ngesifo esinokubangela ukufa, thetha neqela lakho lezempilo. Banokukunceda ufumane izixhobo zokukunceda uhambe ngendlela yakho.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kwizinto esizithethileyo (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoku unoluvo oluthile malunga ne-`(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer - ATC)` esithethe ngayo. Nangona le yingongoma enzulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uyiqaphele.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba uneempawu ezifana neqhubu elitsha elikhula ngokukhawuleza entanyeni yakho, ubunzima bokuginya, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye utshintsho kwilizwi lakho, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

• I-ATC luhlobo lomhlaza we-thyroid olungaqhelekanga, kodwa olunobundlongondlongo kakhulu, nolusasazeka ngokukhawuleza .
• Idla ngokuchaphazela abafazi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala .
• Iimpawu zingabonakala ngokukhawuleza. Ezona ziphambili kukudumba entanyeni, iintlungu, ubunzima bokuginya, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla .
• Unyango lunzima, kodwa unyango lwenziwa ngokudibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango (utyando, imitha, i-chemotherapy, unyango lokudambisa iintlungu).
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga isifo ngokukhawuleza nokufuna unyango kwiqela lezonyango elinamava .
• Kwimeko enzima efana nale , amandla engqondo kunye nenkxaso yosapho nabahlobo zibaluleke kakhulu.

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, nceda udibane nogqirha. Hlala usempilweni!

Umhlaza we-thyroid ongasebenzi kakuhle , umhlaza we-thyroid, ithumba lentamo, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, i-ATC, i-thyroid gland