Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe ngaphandle kwesizathu? Okanye ngaba ngequbuliso wehla umzimba okanye utyebe? Ngaba ukhe uzive unomsindo okanye uxhalabile? Usenokungazi ukuba idlala elincinci elifana nebhabhathane elingaphambili entanyeni yakho linokubandakanyeka kwezi zinto. Eli lungu lincinci kodwa libaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu libizwa ngokuba yi-thyroid gland. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha nangendlela elula kakhulu.
Yintoni le ndlala ye-thyroid?
Ngamafutshane, i-thyroid yindlala encinci efana nebhabhathane ekwicala elingaphambili entanyeni yethu, kumacala omabini omphimbo womoya. Iyinxalenye yenkqubo ye-endocrine yomzimba wethu. Le nkqubo inoxanduva lokuvelisa iihomoni emzimbeni wethu nokulawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba.
Khawucinge ukuba imizimba yethu ifana nenkampani enkulu. Le nkqubo ye-endocrine yinkqubo yolawulo ethumela imiyalezo kumasebe ahlukeneyo aloo nkampani. Ezo miyalezo zibizwa ngokuba zii-hormone. I-thyroid gland ifana nomphathi obaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene kwi-thyroid gland?
Umsebenzi oyintloko nobaluleke kakhulu we-thyroid gland kukulawula izinga le-metabolic emzimbeni wethu. Igama elithi "metabolic rate" lisenokuvakala njengegama lesayensi, kodwa lilula kakhulu. Lithetha izinga apho ukutya esikutyayo kuguqulwa kube ngamandla .
Cinga ngemizimba yethu njengemoto. Ukutya esikutyayo yipetroli ephemba loo moto. I-thyroid gland imisela ukuba le petroli itsha ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.
- Ukuba iihomoni ze-thyroid ziphezulu: Ipetroli itsha ngokukhawuleza. Oko kuthetha ukuba isantya se-metabolism siphezulu. Amandla omzimba asetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuba iihomoni ze-thyroid ziphantsi: Ipetroli itsha kancinci. Oko kuthetha ukuba izinga le-metabolism liphantsi. Amandla asetyenziswa kancinci.
Ukuze yenze lo msebenzi, i-thyroid gland ivelisa iintlobo ezininzi zeehomoni.
- I-Thyroxine (T4): Le yi-hormone eveliswa kakhulu yi-thyroid gland. Nangona kunjalo, ayichaphazeli ngqo imetabolism. Xa sele ikwigazi, le hormone ye-T4 iguqulwa ibe yi-hormone esebenzayo ngakumbi i-T3.
- I-Triiodothyronine (T3): Nangona iveliswa ngamanani amancinci kune-T4, yi-hormone ye-T3 enoxanduva lokulawula izinga le-metabolism.
- ICalcitonin: Le hormone inceda ekulawuleni inqanaba lecalcium egazini lethu.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba indlala ifuna i-iodine ukuze yenze ezi hormone ze-thyroid.Esi siqalelo sibalulekile. Sifumana i-iodine eyaneleyo ekutyeni esikutyayo, ingakumbi ityuwa yetafile ene-iodine esiyisebenzisayo eSri Lanka.
Ngaba i-thyroid gland yenza oku yodwa?
Akunjalo konke konke. Umzimba wethu yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu. I-thyroid gland nayo ifuna ukufumana imiyalelo evela phezulu ukuze yenze umsebenzi wayo ngokufanelekileyo. Le miyalelo ivela engqondweni yethu.
1. Umphathi - I-Hypothalamus: Eli candelo lobuchopho lelona gunya likhulu. Ukuba lifumanisa ukuba amanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid aphantsi, likhupha ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-TRH.
2. Umphathi - I-pituitary gland: Xa ifumana umyalezo we-TRH kwi-hypothalamus, i-pituitary gland esebuchotsheni ikhupha enye i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-TSH (i-Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone). Njengoko igama lisitsho, oku kuyayivuselela i-thyroid gland.
3. Umsebenzi - I-Thyroid Gland: Xa i-TSH icwangcisiwe, i-thyroid gland ivelisa ii-hormone ze-T4 kunye ne-T3 kwaye izikhuphele egazini.
Xa amanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid egazini ebuyela esiqhelweni, le miyalezo iyayeka ukuthunyelwa. Kufana ne-motor endlwini yakho ecima ngokuzenzekelayo xa itanki yamanzi igcwele. Le yindlela umzimba wethu ogcina ngayo amanqanaba ehomoni elungelelene.
Ingxaki ye-thyroid iyichaphazela njani yonke imizimba?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, iihomoni ze-thyroid zichaphazela phantse zonke iiseli emzimbeni wethu. Ke ngoko, ukuba i-thyroid gland ayisebenzi kakuhle, inokuchaphazela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wethu.
| Inkqubo yomzimba | Indlela eyenzeka ngayo isiphumo |
|---|---|
| Intliziyo kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi | Ichaphazela izinga lentliziyo (ukunyuka okanye ukwehla), uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol. |
| Inkqubo yeemvakalelo nengqondo | Ukuba iihomoni ziphantsi, uxinezeleko kunye nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kunokwenzeka. Ukuba iihomoni ziphezulu, ixhala, ukungazinzi, kunye nokungalali kakuhle kunokwenzeka. |
| Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya | Ukuba iihomoni azanele, ukuqhina kungavela, kwaye ukuba iihomoni zininzi, urhudo lunokwenzeka. |
| Inkqubo yokuzala (yabasetyhini) | Ukuya exesheni okungaqhelekanga, ukopha kakhulu, kunye neengxaki zokuzala zinokwenzeka. |
| Ulusu, iinwele kunye neenzipho | Iimpawu zingabandakanya ulusu olomileyo, ukulahleka kweenwele, kunye neenzipho ezibuthathaka. |
Izifo eziphambili ezinokuvela ezinxulumene ne-thyroid gland
Utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwe-thyroid gland lunokubangela iingxaki ezininzi zempilo. Makhe sijonge ezi ngokwahlukeneyo.
1. I-Hypothyroidism – ukungabikho kwamahomoni
Kule meko, i-thyroid gland ayivelisi ubungakanani obufunekayo beehomoni. Ngenxa yoko, imetabolism yomzimba wethu iyehla kwaye wonke umzimba uqala ukusebenza "kancinci".
Izizathu eziphambili:
- Isifo sikaHashimoto: Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela ihlasela ngempazamo i-thyroid gland.
- Ukunqongophala kwe-iodine.
- Ukususwa kwe-thyroid gland ngotyando.
- Amanye amayeza.
2. I-Hyperthyroidism – ukwanda kweehomoni
Okwenzekayo apha kukuba i-thyroid gland ivelisa iihomoni ezininzi kunokuba kuyimfuneko. Oku kubangela ukuba imetabolism yomzimba wethu inyuke kakhulu, kwaye kuvakala ngathi wonke umzimba uqala "ukubaleka" ngesantya esiphezulu.
Izizathu eziphambili:
- Isifo sikaGraves: Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Kule meko, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ivuselela kakhulu i-thyroid gland.
- Amaqhuqhuva kwi-thyroid gland.
- I-thyroiditis.
Nantsi itheyibhile yokuqonda ngokulula umahluko ophambili kunye neempawu zezi meko zimbini.
| Uphawu | I-Hypothyroidism - ukungabikho kwe-hormone | I-Hyperthyroidism - ukwanda kwamahomoni |
|---|---|---|
| Ubunzima bomzimba | Ukunyuka kobunzima ngaphandle kwesizathu. | Ukunciphisa umzimba nangona usitya kakuhle. |
| Ubushushu bomzimba | Ubunzima bokunyamezela umkhuhlane. | Ubunzima bokunyamezela ubushushu, ukubila kakhulu. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Ukubetha kwentliziyo okucothayo . | Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho iyabetha ngamandla). |
| Imeko yengqondo | Ukudinwa, ukudakumba, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo. | Ukungazoli, ixhala, ukucaphuka. |
| Amandla | Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nokozela. | Ukungalali, ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo. |
| Ulusu kunye neenwele | Ulusu olomileyo, ulusu olurhabaxa, ukulahleka kweenwele. | Ulusu oluncinci, ukulahleka kweenwele. |
3. I-Goiter - ukudumba kwendlala
Oku kuthetha ukuba i-thyroid gland ikhule ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ukuba ubona ukudumba okufana neqhuma ngaphambili entanyeni yakho, isenokuba yi-goiter. Ayinguye wonke umntu one-goiter oya kuba namanqanaba e-thyroid hormone angaqhelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona i-gland idumbile, amanqanaba e-hormone anokuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Ukunqongophala kwe-iodine yimbangela enkulu ye-goiter.
4. Umhlaza weThyroid
Xa kuthelekiswa neminye imidlaza, umhlaza we-thyroid awuqhelekanga. Ukongeza, uninzi lweentlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid zinyangeka kakhulu . Iimpawu zisenokungabonakali kwasekuqaleni. Kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana neqhuma entanyeni, utshintsho kwilizwi, okanye ubunzima bokuginya.
Uyazi njani ukuba unengxaki ye-thyroid?
Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wakho. Uza kukuhlola aze, ukuba kuyimfuneko, acele uvavanyo oluthile.
Uvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu nolulula luvavanyo lwegazi.
- Uvavanyo lwe-TSH: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa inqanaba le-hormone ye-TSH ekhutshwa yi-pituitary gland. Ukuba i-thyroid gland ayisebenzi kakuhle (ayivelisi ii-hormone ezaneleyo), inqanaba le-TSH liya kuba phezulu. Ukuba i-gland isebenza kakhulu, inqanaba le-TSH liya kuba phantsi.
- Uvavanyo lwe-T4 kunye ne-T3: Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kulinganiswe ngokuthe ngqo inqanaba leehomoni ze-thyroid egazini.
Ukongeza, ukuba kukho iqhubu okanye ukudumba kwi-gland, kunokwenziwa i-ultrasound scan ye-thyroid .
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lweengxaki ze-thyroid zinokulawulwa ngempumelelo enkulu. Unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko.
- Kwi-Hypothyroidism: I-hormone ye-thyroid ephantsi emzimbeni itshintshwa ngaphandle. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kunikwa ipilisi ekufuneka ithathwe yonke imihla. Olu nyango ludla ngokuthathwa ubomi bonke, kodwa lunokukunceda uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo.
- Kwi-hyperthyroidism: Kukho unyango olufana namayeza e-antithyroid, unyango lwe-radioactive iodine, okanye kwezinye iimeko, ukususwa kwe-gland ngotyando (`Thyroidectomy`).
- Umhlaza we-thyroid: Unyango oluphambili kukususwa kwe-gland ngotyando. Oku kungalandelwa lunyango lwe-radioactive iodine okanye olunye unyango njengoko kufuneka.
Nokuba i-thyroid gland isusiwe ngokupheleleyo, ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni ngaphandle kweengxaki ngokuthatha ipilisi ye-hormone yemihla ngemihla.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-thyroid yindlala encinci, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu entanyeni yethu elawula imetabolism yomzimba.
- Ukutyeba okungachazekiyo, ukudinwa kakhulu, utshintsho kwimo yengqondo, okanye utshintsho kwisantya sentliziyo kunokuba ziimpawu zengxaki ye-thyroid.
- Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ungalindi uze ubone ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko . Uvavanyo olulula lwegazi lunokuxilonga imeko.
- Iingxaki ezininzi ze-thyroid zinokulawulwa ngempumelelo ngamayeza okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango, nto leyo evumela abantu ukuba baphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobusempilweni.
- Ukufumana i-iodine eyaneleyo ngokutya okufana netyuwa ene-iodine kubalulekile kwi-thyroid gland esempilweni.
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