Ingaba uneqhuma entanyeni yakho? Masithethe ngomhlaza we-thyroid we-papillary (PTC)!

Ngaba wakha waphawula iqhuma elincinci entanyeni yakho? Okanye ngaba ugqirha ukuxelele ngalo ngexesha lovavanyo? Ngamanye amaxesha iqhuma elincinci elinje linokuba luphawu lokuqala lwesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiPapillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC). Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngalo ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula.

Yintoni i-papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)? Yintoni i-thyroid gland?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza we-thyroid we-papillary (PTC) luhlobo lomhlaza olukhula kwi-thyroid gland yethu. Uqala kwiiseli ze -follicular ze-thyroid gland. Ezi seli zivelisa iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-thyroglobulin . Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyazi kukuba i-PTC lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza we-thyroid.

Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni i-thyroid gland . Khawuthelekelele, ngaphambili entanyeni yakho, phantsi kolusu, ilungu elincinci elimile okwebhabhathane. Yiyo leyo i-thyroid gland. Eli yinxalenye yenkqubo yethu ye-endocrine . Umsebenzi walo ophambili kukuvelisa nokukhupha iihomoni ezilawula imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu.

Xa kufikwa kwi-PTC, idla ngokuba ngumhlaza okhula kancinci . Kwakhona, idla ngokukhula kwicala elinye (i-lobe) ye-thyroid gland.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-`PTC`?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-`PTC`. Kwezi, uhlobo lwe-follicular lolona luxhaphakileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba yi-`mixed papillary-follicular variant`. Ezinye iintlobo azixhaphakanga kangako. Nangona kunjalo, zinokukhula kwaye zisasazeke ngokukhawuleza . Ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zezi:

• `Ikholamu`
• `Iseli ende`
• `I-Insular`
• 'I-Diffuse sclerosis'

Ngamanye amaxesha i-'PTC' ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-'papillary thyroid carcinoma' .

Ngubani ofumana umhlaza we-thyroid we-papillary?

Enyanisweni, i-PTC inokukhula nakubani na. Nangona kunjalo, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abakwiminyaka ephakathi . Kwakhona, abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okukhula kwesi sifo kunamadoda.

I-PTC yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu ebantwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza we-thyroid ebantwaneni.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le `PTC`?

Umhlaza we-thyroid yimeko eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ama-80% ukuya kuma-85% amatyala aluhlobo lwe-PTC. Oko kuthetha ukuba malunga nesibhozo kwabalishumi abantu abafumana umhlaza we-thyroid banalo olu hlobo.

Ingaba i-'PTC' yimeko enzima?

Umhlaza walo naluphi na uhlobo uyingozi kakhulu. Udinga unyango kwaye unokusasazeka (ukusasazeka kwe-metastasize) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, i-PTC ilungile kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid.

Uninzi lwexesha, i-PTC inokunyangeka ngempumelelo. Kwakhona kunqabile kakhulu ukuba ibangele ukufa. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba ungoyiki kwaye ulandele iingcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo.

I-'PTC' isasazeka phi kuqala?

Ukuba i-PTC isasazeka, kusenokwenzeka ukuba isasazeka kuqala kwii-lymph nodes entanyeni . Ezi nodes zizakhiwo ezincinci ezimile okwembotyi eziyinxalenye yenkqubo ye-lymphatic yomzimba wethu kunye nenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba.

Isasazeka kangakanani i-'PTC'?

Nangona i-PTC ikhula kancinci, inokusasazeka kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni. Ngokufutshane, malunga ne-30% yabantu abane-PTC baya kuba sele besasazeke kwezinye iindawo (umhlaza we-thyroid we-metastatic papillary) ngexesha lokuxilongwa .

Zithini iimpawu ze-'PTC'?

Rhoqo, uphawu oluphambili lwe-PTC kukuvela kweqhuqhuva elingenabuhlungu kwi-thyroid gland . Ezinye iimpawu zisenokungabikho.

Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abanye abantu babe neentlungu entanyeni, emhlathini, okanye endlebeni . Ukuba iqhuma liba likhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba licinezele umphimbo okanye umqala wethu, linokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye bokuginya .

Kubalulekile: Ukuba ubona iqhuma elitsha entanyeni yakho, nokuba alibuhlungu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Okukhona ulibona kwangethuba, kokukhona unyango luphumelela ngakumbi.

Zithini izizathu ze-'PTC'?

Izazinzulu azikayazi eyona nto ibangela i-PTC, kodwa zichonge izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo, kuquka ukuchatshazelwa yimitha kunye neemeko ezithile zemfuza .

Ukuvezwa kwimitha kunye ne-'PTC'

Abantu abaye bachaphazeleka kakhulu yimitha ye-ionizing kwimbali yabo banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-PTC. Iindlela ezinokuthi le mitha ibonakaliswe ngazo zezi:

• Unyango lwemitha yangaphandle oluphezulu lunikwa entanyeni ukunyanga umhlaza okanye ezinye izifo ezingezizo ezomhlaza, ingakumbi ebuntwaneni.
• Ukuvezwa yimitha kwiingozi zesikhululo samandla enyukliya. Umzekelo, emva kwengozi yenyukliya yaseChernobyl ngo-1986, inani lezigulana ze-PTC kwiindawo ezikufutshane landa ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-75.

Iimeko zemfuza kunye ne-'PTC'

Kukho iimeko ezininzi zemfuza (ezizuzwe njengelifa) ezinxulumene ne-PTC:

• I-Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (i-FAP / i-Gardner syndrome): Le yimeko engaqhelekanga, ezuzwe njengelifa. Ibangela ukuba umntu abe nee-polyps ezininzi kumathumbu amakhulu nakwi-rectum, ezinokuba ngumhlaza. Abantu abane-FAP nabo basengozini enkulu yokufumana iithumba kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, kuquka ne-thyroid gland. Le meko ibangelwa kukuguquka kwe-APC gene okuzuzwe njengelifa.
• I-Werner syndrome : Le yimeko engaqhelekanga. Ibonisa iimpawu zokwaluphala ngokukhawuleza ngendlela engaqhelekanga (progeria). Abantu abane-Werner syndrome basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo ngumhlaza we-thyroid. Kufunyenwe utshintsho olungaphezulu kwama-80 kwi-gene ye-WRN kubantu abanale meko.
• Uhlobo lweCarney complex 1 : Le meko ikwanyusa umngcipheko wokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeethumba, kuquka neethumba ze-thyroid. Idla ngokubangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ze-PRKAR1A.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba yi-5% kuphela yazo zonke izigulana ze-PTC ezinxulunyaniswa nezi meko zemfuza.

Ungayichonga njani i-`PTC`?

Amaxesha amaninzi, i-PTC ibonakala njengeqhuma kwi-thyroid gland. Usenokuba ukhe waliva ngokwakho, okanye ugqirha unokulifumana ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwentamo rhoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iqhuma lifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwesinye isifo.

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo ukuze kufunyaniswe i-PTC:

• Uvavanyo lokufota : Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekuchongeni iqhubu le-thyroid. Umzekelo, i-ultrasound ye-thyroid , i-CT scan , kunye/okanye i-MRI scan inokwenziwa.
• Ukufunxwa kwenaliti encinci (i-biopsy yenaliti ): Ugqirha uhlala ethatha isampuli encinci yezicubu (i-biopsy) kwi-nodule yakho ye-thyroid esebenzisa inaliti encinci kakhulu. Ingcali yezifo iya kujonga izicwili phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza we-thyroid.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwingcebiso yemfuza ukuze abone ukuba unesifo semfuza esibangela i-PTC, kunye nezinye iintlobo zeethumba.

Iphathwa njani i-PTC?

Unyango lwe-PTC luxhomekeke kubukhulu bethumba kunye nokuba umhlaza usasazeke na.

Utyando lolona nyango luphambili noluqhelekileyo lwe-PTC.Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu nendawo yethumba, ugqirha wakho angasusa inxalenye yendlala yegilo (lobectomy) okanye yonke indlala (thyroidectomy). Ukuba umhlaza ukwindlala yegilo, ugqirha angasusa iindlala ezichaphazelekayo ngaxeshanye notyando lwegilo yegilo okanye kutyando lwesibini.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba yonke i-thyroid gland yakho isusiwe (i-thyroidectomy epheleleyo), kuya kufuneka uthathe iipilisi ze-thyroid hormone ubomi bakho bonke .

Unyango olongezelelweyo lwe-PTC lulandelayo:

• Unyango lweRadioiodine : Iiseli zethyroid kunye neeseli zePTC zifunxa i-iodine yeminerali (efumaneka kwezinye izidlo). Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa uhlobo lwe-iodine olusebenzisa i-radioactive ukutshabalalisa naziphi na izicwili ze-thyroid eziqhelekileyo ezisele emva kokuba i-thyroid gland isusiwe, kunye nazo naziphi na izicwili ze-thyroid ezinomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale.
• Unyango ngemitha : Imitha ibulala iiseli zomhlaza kwaye izithintele ekukhuleni kwazo. Kunyango ngemitha yangaphandle, umatshini uqondisa imisebe enamandla yamandla ngqo kwithumba. Kunyango ngemitha yangaphakathi, imbewu yemitha ibekwa ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nethumba.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy : Amayeza eKhemotherapy anikwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) okanye ngomlomo (ngomlomo) abulala iiseli zomhlaza kwaye athintele ukukhula komhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, lincinci kakhulu inani labantu abanomhlaza we-thyroid abafuna unyango lwekhemotherapy.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengxaki zonyango lwe-'PTC'?

Isiphumo esinokubakho sokususwa kwe-thyroid kunye nonyango lwe-radioiodine yi -hypothyroidism esisigxina. Ke ngoko, ukuba unenye okanye zombini ezi ndlela zonyango, kuya kufuneka uthathe iipilisi zehomoni ye-thyroid ubomi bakho bonke.

Kukho iingxaki ezininzi ezinokwenzeka ngexesha lotyando lwe-thyroid:

• Usulelo.
• Ukususwa ngengozi okanye ukonakala kwamadlala e-parathyroid , alawula inqanaba le-calcium egazini lakho.
• Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo ye-laryngeal ephindaphindayo, edlula emva kwe-thyroid gland. Oku kunokubangela ukuba ilizwi libe rhabaxa kwaye libe buthathaka.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho zonyango lwe-iodine enemisebe:

• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• I-Sialadenitis - i-salivary gland evuvukileyo.
• I-thyrotoxicosis yexeshana.
• I-pulmonary fibrosis sisifo esibangela amanxeba kwizicubu zemiphunga.
• Ukungazali okwethutyana okanye okungapheliyo.
• I-LeukemiaIngozi encinci yokuba ne-leukemia, umhlaza webele, okanye umhlaza wesinyi.

Ngaba i-'PTC' ingathintelwa?

Abantu abaninzi abafumana umhlaza we-thyroid abanazo izinto ezithile ezinokuba yingozi. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lweemeko ze-PTC azinakuthintelwa.

Ukuvezwa kwimitha, ingakumbi ngexesha lobuntwana, yinto eyaziwayo ebangela i-PTC. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oogqirha abasayisebenzisi imitha kwiimeko ezingembi kangako. Abantwana bakwavezwa kwimitha evela kuvavanyo lwemifanekiso olufana ne-X-ray kunye ne-CT scans, kodwa kwiidosi eziphantsi kakhulu. Akucaci ukuba bayandisa kangakanani umngcipheko we-PTC.

Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza we-thyroid, ungafuna ukufumana ingcebiso nge-genetic. Oku kuya kukunceda ubone ukuba unesifo se-genetic esikubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba ne-PTC. Ukuba kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando lokuthintela ukususwa kwe-thyroid gland yakho ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza uvele.

Iyintoni i-prognosis ye-PTC?

Ngokubanzi, i-prognosis ye-PTC ilungile kakhulu , ingakumbi ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala kwaye ithumba lincinci. I-PTC idla ngokuphathwa ngempumelelo. Nokuba isasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni, ayifane ibulale.

Izinto ezinokunciphisa izinga lokuchacha ziquka:

• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-55 ubudala xa uxilongwa.
• Ithumba liya likhula .
• Umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba .
• Ukuba nohlobo olungaqhelekanga nolunobundlongondlongo lwe-'PTC' (umz. `i-tall cell variant`, `i-diffuse sclerosis variant`, `i-solid variant`).

Ngaba ungasinda kwi-'PTC'?

Izinga lokusinda kwi-PTC liphezulu kakhulu . Ngaphezulu kwama-90% abantu abadala abane-PTC baphila ubuncinane iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 emva konyango.

Ndingambona nini ugqirha malunga ne-'PTC'?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-PTC, kuya kufuneka udibane neqela lakho lezonyango rhoqo ukuze ujonge inkqubela yonyango lwakho. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube notyelelo olude rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12 ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu ukuze ujonge ukuba isifo siphinde sibuye na.

Ukuba i-thyroid gland yakho isusiwe kwaye/okanye unyango lwe-radioactive iodine lunikwe njengenxalenye yonyango lwakho, kuya kufuneka uthathe iipilisi ze-thyroid hormone ubomi bakho bonke . Ugqirha uya kujonga amanqanaba e-thyroid hormone yakho ubomi bakho bonke ukuqinisekisa ukuba idosi yakho yeyeza ifanelekile kuwe.

Ukufunyaniswa unomhlaza, nokuba loluphi uhlobo, kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. Nangona kunjalo, iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uqikelelo lwe-PTC ludla ngokuba luhle kakhulu. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kusebenzisana nawe ukumisela isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.

## Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke, ngokwezinto esithethe ngazo, ezi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Umhlaza we-thyroid we-Papillary (PTC) lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza we-thyroid kwaye uneziphumo ezilungileyo.
• Uphawu oluphambili sisiqhuma esingenabuhlungu entanyeni. Ukuba ubona into efana naleyo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.
• Utyando lolona nyango luphambili. Unyango lwe-iodine olusebenzisa imisebe lunokufuneka.
• Ukuba i-thyroid gland isusiwe ngokupheleleyo, kuya kufuneka uthathe iihomoni ze-thyroid ubomi bakho bonke .
• Okukhona le meko ibonwa kwangoko, kokukhona unyango luphumelela ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, ukuvavanywa rhoqo ngugqirha kunye nokulandela iingcebiso kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Musa ukoyika. Awuwedwa. Kukho oogqirha, usapho, kunye nabahlobo abanokukunceda.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Hlala usempilweni!

Umhlaza we - thyroid, umhlaza we-thyroid we-papillary, i-PTC, amaqhuqhuva entamo, utyando lwe-thyroid, unyango lwe-radiation, unyango lweehomoni