Ngaba uhlala uziva udiniwe kwaye ubuthathaka? Ngaba uyadideka xa uhamba umgama omncinci okanye unyuka izinyuko? Ixesha elininzi, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-"anemia" okanye "anemia." Yinyani leyo. Kodwa, ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wakho, oko kukuthi, inkqubo yokuzikhusela, isenokuba ihlasela kwaye itshabalalise iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi? Namhlanje sithetha ngesifo esingaqhelekanga esibaluleke kakhulu ukuba wonke umntu asiqaphele. Esi sibizwa ngokuba yi -Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia , okanye (AIHA) ngamafutshane.
Kalula nje, yintoni le AIHA?
Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sijonge ukuba yintoni i-anemia. I-anemia kukuncipha kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni wakho ezithwala ioksijini. Ezi seli ezibomvu ziveliswa kumongo wethu wethambo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iseli enye ebomvu yegazi iphila malunga neentsuku ezili-120. Xa ezi seli zinciphile, amalungu omzimba awafumani umlinganiselo ofunekayo weoksijini. Yiyo loo nto siziva sidiniwe kwaye sibuthathaka.
Ngoku, kwenzeka into engaqhelekanga kwi-AIHA. Inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba , ekhusela imizimba yethu kwizifo, iphosisa ngokuchaza iiseli zayo ezibomvu zegazi eziphilileyo njenge "iintshaba." Kufana nomkhosi welizwe ohlasela abantu bawo. Xa inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba iqala ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ngale ndlela, ziyalahleka ngesantya esingenakukwazi ukumelana naso umongo wethambo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ubomi beseli ebomvu yegazi bunqunyelwe kwiintsuku ezimbalwa nje. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA).
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-AIHA?
I-AIHA yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili. Enye isekelwe kwisizathu. Enye isekelwe kubushushu apho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswa khona. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi.
| Ulwahlulo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| I-AIHA eyintloko | Kwimeko enjalo, akukho sifo okanye unobangela onokufunyanwa obangela i-AIHA. Oko kukuthi, le yimeko engaqhelekanga. |
| I-AIHA yesibini | Apha, i-AIHA ibangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango (umz., ezinye izifo ezihlasela amajoni omzimba ezifana ne-lupus, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza) okanye usulelo. |
| Ukuhlelwa ngokobushushu | |
| I-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia efudumeleyo | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Kolu hlobo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi xa ubushushu bomzimba buphezulu okanye bungaphezulu kobuqhelekileyo. Oku kubangelwa luhlobo oluthile lwe-antibody ebizwa ngokuba yi-IgG. |
| I-Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (CAD) | Oku kunqabile kakhulu. Elinye igama lale nto yiCold Agglutinin Disease (CAD). Kule meko, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziyatshatyalaliswa xa umzimba uchaphazeleka ngumkhuhlane. Uhlobo lwe-antibody olubangela oku yi-IgM. |
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Iimpawu ezininzi ze-AIHA ziyafana nezo zezinye izifo ze-anemia, kodwa abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo iimpawu konke konke ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kukhulu ngokwaneleyo.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:
- Ubuthathaka kunye nokudinwa: Ukudinwa kakhulu kuvakala nasemva kokwenza umsebenzi omncinci.
- Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo: Ukuphaphatheka kolusu, imilebe, kunye neenzipho.
- I-Tachycardia: Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza nangona umile nje.
- Ukuphefumla kancinci: Oku kwenzeka xa udiniwe kancinci.
- Iintlungu zesifuba.
- Ukutyheli kwamehlo nolusu (i-Jaundice): Le yimeko esiyibiza ngokuba yi-jaundice.
- Umchamo omnyama: Umchamo omnyama ngombala, njenge-cola.
- Ukuziva uzele: Oku kungenxa yokwanda kwepleen.
Abantu abane-cold-type AIHA (CAD) banokufumana ezi mpawu zongezelelweyo:
- Izandla neenyawo zihlala zibanda.
- Izandla neenyawo zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/zibomvu xa zibekwe kwindawo ebandayo.
- Intloko ebuhlungu.
- Intlungu yomqolo nemilenze.
Zithini izizathu ze-AIHA?
Ixesha elininzi, kunzima ukufumana unobangela othile wale meko (i-Primary AIHA). Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha inokubangelwa zezinye iimeko zonyango (i-Secondary AIHA).
- Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba: Umzekelo, izifo ezifana ne-lupus.
- Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza:Ingakumbi umhlaza onxulumene negazi ofana ne-leukemia (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) kunye ne-lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma).
- Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezifana ne *Mycoplasma pneumoniae*.
- Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-Epstein-Barr virus, i-HIV, kunye ne-hepatitis.
- Amanye amayeza: Oku kungenzeka njengempendulo kumayeza athile afana nepenicillin kunye ne-methyldopa.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-AIHA ayisosifo esosulelayo. Yingxaki kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintsholongwane (umz. i-Epstein-Barr) ezinokusibangela zinokudluliselwa komnye umntu ziye komnye.
Yenziwa njani le nto yokuxilonga?
Ukuba uneempawu ze-anemia, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko . Uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo, aze akuhlole. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uza kukuthumela kwi-hematologist.
Uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi lwenziwa ikakhulu ukuze kufunyanwe isifo.
- Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Oku kujonga inani leeseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets. Ubalo oluphantsi lweeseli ezibomvu luphawu lwe-anemia.
- Uvavanyo lukaCoombs: Olu lolona vavanyo lukhethekileyo lwe-AIHA. Lujonga ukuba umzimba wakho wenza ii-antibodies ezichasene neeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
- I-Peripheral Smear: Isampuli yegazi ihlolwa phantsi kwemakroskopu ukujonga iimpawu zokutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu.
- Uvavanyo lweBilirubin: Xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswa, inqanaba lento ebizwa ngokuba yibilirubin liyakhula egazini. Yiyo le nto ibangela umbala otyheli.
- Inani leeReticulocyte: Oku kulinganisa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha ezingavuthwanga eziveliswa ngumongo wethambo. Inani eliphezulu lithetha ukuba umongo wethambo usebenza nzima kakhulu ukwenza iiseli ezintsha ukuze zithathe indawo yezo zitshatyalaliswayo.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-AIHA?
Unyango luxhomekeke kubukhali beempawu zakho, uhlobo lwe-AIHA, kunye nesizathu. Ukuba iimpawu zakho azinzima, unyango lusenokungabi yimfuneko.
- IiSteroids: Amayeza e-steroid afana nePrednisolone ngawona nyango lokuqala. La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela nasekuyithinteleni ekutshabalaliseni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
- Ezinye ii-Immunosuppressants: Ukuba isifo asiphenduli kwii-steroids, kusetyenziswa ezinye iziyobisi ezifana neRituximab.
- Utyando lwe-Splenectomy: Uninzi lwexesha, ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwenzeka kwi-spleen. Ngoko ke ukuba amayeza awayilawuli, oogqirha banokugqiba ekubeni bayisuse ngotyando i-spleen.
- Utofelo-gazi: Ukuba i-anemia imbi kakhulu, utofelo-gazi lunokufuneka ukuze kusindiswe ubomi.
- Ukuzikhusela kwingqele (kwi-Cold AIHA/CAD): Ukuba une-cold AIHA, ukuzikhusela kwingqele kubalulekile.
- Nxiba iiglavu xa ukhupha izinto efrijini.
- Ukuba uphuma xa kubanda, nxiba iminqwazi, iikhafu, kunye neebhatyi.
- Ukuba uya kwindawo ene-AC eninzi, nxiba impahla efudumeleyo.
Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe isongezelelo se-folic acid (iVitamin B9) , njengoko le vithamini iyimfuneko ekuvelisweni ngokukhawuleza kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yale meko?
Ukuba i-AIHA ayinyangwa kakuhle, ezinye iingxaki zinokubakho.
- Amahlwili egazi: Amahlwili egazi anokwenziwa emithanjeni, ingakumbi emilenzeni. Ukuba la mahlwili aya emiphungeni (i-Pulmonary Embolism), yimeko eyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukonakala kwezintso: I-AIHA engalawulwayo inokubangela umonakalo kwizintso.
- Isifo sentliziyo: I-anemia yexesha elide ibangela ukuba intliziyo isebenze nzima, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba intliziyo ibe buthathaka.
Akukho mfuneko yokoyika ezi zinto. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo nokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha kunye nonyango ngokuchanekileyo. Emva koko unokuphepha uninzi lwezi ngxaki.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) yimeko engaqhelekanga apho inkqubo yakho yomzimba itshabalalisa iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi ngempazamo.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokudinwa rhoqo, ukuba mdaka, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye nokuba tyheli kwamehlo, musa ukuba mdaka ngaloo nto.
- Ukuba unale mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza uze ufumane ingcebiso. Musa ukuzinyanga.
- I-AIHA ayisosifo esosulelayo, ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokuzahlula isigulana.
- Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, abantu abaninzi banokuyilawula kakuhle le meko baze baphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke musani ukoyika.
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